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悠然自得,怡情山水,去100個國家。博客內的文章謝絕轉載。
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北歐-愛沙尼亞,波蘭,挪威,行程安排(5)

(2009-11-13 18:20:59) 下一個

第五站,塔林 -- 愛沙尼亞 ,停留時間 6 小時。
塔林是愛沙尼亞的首都,也是波羅的海三國最大的海港城市,位於塔林灣,麵積約192平方公裏,人口40餘萬。公元十二世紀時塔林已見於史書紀載,中世紀時塔林是漢薩同盟一個重要商埠,市區三麵環水,古城麵積不大,街道縱橫交錯,教堂林立,尖塔高聳入雲,『塔林』這名稱,果然是名實相符。
下船可以直接走到舊城的Pikk街,大部份景點集中於Pikk和Lai兩條大街上,包括教堂、博物館、古舊建築物等,
市政廳廣場位於塔林市政廳的正前方,被用來作為集會場所已長達幾個世紀,其曆史甚至可以追溯到市政廳本身建造之前。在曆史上這裏也曾被當作各種典禮舉辦的場所甚至是刑場來使用。最突出的是建於1313年的市政廳,它是一座哥德式建築物,尖塔高65公尺,廣場四周還有許多著名建築物,部份古老大屋已被改建為餐廳,例如市政廳後麵的Olde Hansa。廣場有多達8條街道由此伸展,向西南方向而行,小徑轉而向上,這裏是城堡區,仍可見古城牆遺跡,
在山丘上有亞曆山大教堂,建於1888年,是一座東正教教堂,可容納1,500名信徒同時禮拜,它是愛沙尼亞首都塔林最大也是愛沙尼亞最大的教堂,屬於俄羅斯東正教,位置在圖姆皮城堡上方,穿過市府廣場的集市,爬坡到達山頂的教堂,登八百多個台階,可以到達教堂塔樓的頂端,塔林的全景和藍色的芬蘭灣一覽無餘。.根據資料史實記載,13世紀時塔林就有東正教存在,1710年愛沙尼亞並入俄羅斯版圖,因此,更加速東正教在此地紮根茁壯。19世紀下半葉時俄國沙皇亞曆山大3世選擇在圖姆皮山丘興建一座愛沙尼亞最大的教堂,因有軍事監視用途,選中居高臨下的圖姆皮山丘,所以,站在教堂的鍾樓可以監看整個塔林城,興建費用都來自俄羅斯,設計師也來自聖彼得堡藝術學院的建築師,整個教堂在末代沙皇尼古拉2世時竣工,時間推估大約是1900年左右。教堂對麵是郵政局,有各種紀念郵票出售。
姆比亞城堡及赫爾曼高塔是愛沙尼亞曆史最為悠久和偉大的建築群之一。
姆比亞城堡坐落在陡峭的50米海拔的石灰岩海岸上,離亞曆山大教堂很近,它是強大統治權力的象征之一,曆經數百年征服了許多不同種族的人民。如今,愛沙尼亞國會就設於這裏。
赫爾曼高塔於14世紀末建在托姆比亞城堡的西南角。高塔名字的由來是從德國詞“Lange Hermann”翻譯而來的,它的意思是“高大的士兵”或者“首領”,即是傳說中被眾人所崇拜的英雄赫爾曼。這種類似的名字以前通常是給城堡中最有權力的人士使用。愛沙尼亞的國旗隨風飄舞在48米高的塔尖上。
聖靈教堂是從14世紀以來唯一還保留著原型的神聖建築。這座簡單樸素的聖靈教堂除了它巴洛克式的尖頂以外,其餘部分在13世紀60年代完成建造,其原有的中世紀外觀保留至今。

Best Of Tallinn 船上的團, 89/ 人, 5 個小時。
WHAT YOU VISIT
Toompea Hill - Your guided walk of old Tallinn will begin at Toompea Hill, known as the Upper Old Town. The focal point will be Palace Square, named after the pink baroque Toompea Castle, home to the Estonian Parliament. On the southwest side of the castle stands the Pikk Hermann Tower, topped by the national flag of blue, black and white.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral - Dominating Palace Square, this Russian Orthodox Cathedral is a strong testament to the influence of years under the rule of Russian Tsars. Its cupolas and golden crosses rise high above the rooftops of the Upper Old Town, contrasting with the needlelike copper spires of the Lower Old Town. You will have a chance to step inside this working cathedral to view the numerous golden icons and mosaics which line the walls.
Dome Church - Gothic St. Mary's Cathedral - simply called the "Dome Church" by the locals - is the city's oldest church and an architectural landmark that has played a prominent role in Tallinn's history. It has served as a burial site for the nobility since the 15th-century, and inside you will see elaborate sarcophagi and more than 60 medieval coats of arms.
Town Hall Square - Having retained its charming time-worn appearance, Town Hall Square is still a hub of activity with its many cafés, restaurants and shops. Dominated by the monumental Gothic Town Hall, this square has been the center of life in Tallinn's Lower Old Town since the 12th-century. Be sure to raise your eyes upward to the Hall's minaret-like tower, where "Old Thomas the Watchman," an ancient weather vane, has served as the city's sentinel since 1530. Across the square stands the Town Council Pharmacy which has occupied the site since 1422.
Holy Spirit Church - The sky blue clock on the outer wall of this 14th-century church is the oldest in Tallinn. Inside the church are 15th-century woodcarvings and an ancient wooden altar.

第六站, 格但斯克 -- 波蘭。停留時間 9 小時。估計要跟團,馬爾堡城堡比較麻煩。
格但斯克(但澤)坐落在波蘭北部波羅的海海邊,是維斯瓦河的入海口。格但斯克及周邊的兩個城市格丁尼亞和索波特合稱三聯城,格但斯克是三座城市中最古老的一個,建於公元 997 年,也是波蘭最古老的城市之一。
公元 14 世紀條頓騎士團佔據了格但斯克, 1454 年回到波蘭, 18 世紀末被普魯士佔領,第一次世界大戰以後,國聯宣佈格但斯克為自由市。 1939 年德國軍隊渡過波羅的海佔領格但斯克,打響第二次世界大戰的第一槍。 1945 年戰爭結束以後,格但斯克回歸波蘭。作爲歐洲北部古跡保護最出色的城市之一,格但斯克完整的保持了 18 世 紀中葉以來的城市概況。作爲最大的港口之一,古老的格但斯克一直保持著中世紀和現代的建築特色,而沒有像哥本哈根或漢堡一樣成爲現代化的工業城市。這就是格但斯克成爲北歐文化遺跡城市的原因。
波蘭北部馬爾堡城堡,這裏曾經是十字軍在波蘭的駐紮地。整個城堡建築以紅磚為主,在城牆的各個部分、防禦設施以及中央供暖設備等細節設計都采用了當時中世紀最先進的技術,是波蘭哥特式城堡的傑出代表。馬爾堡現已開辟為博物館,其內部設有古代器具、琥珀、瓷器、手工藝品等展廳,大廳內還舉辦音樂會和騎士表演。
老市政廳、聖凱瑟琳大教堂,中心廣場的海王噴泉和波蘭最大的哥特式教堂 —— 聖母瑪利亞大教堂(同時也是歐洲最大的磚結構教堂)。從各但斯克港向北不遠的維斯特布拉德方尖塔,標誌著第二次世界大戰的正式開始,當時的納粹軍隊就是從這裡向波蘭發動進攻,打響了戰爭的第一槍
波蘭海濱著名的三連城: 格但斯克的古城,包括高城門、金色城門、市政廳、格旦斯克的象征 - 海神噴泉、古老的起重機、以及世界上最大磚結構天主教教堂聖瑪麗教堂,聖瑪麗教堂 - 格但斯克的驕傲,這哥特式教堂是世界上最大的磚教堂和可容納約 25000 人。內部配備 30 座小教堂,一個精心祭壇,一個古老的墓碑石樓,以及 15 世紀的天文鍾 。

Malbork Castle & Gdansk City Tour ,時間 8.5 小時。 89/ 人
WHAT YOU VISI
Malbork Castle - Located on the Nogat River, construction on this, one of Poland's oldest surviving castles, began in 1274. Built by the Order of Teutonic Knights, the fortress boasts massive brick walls, towers, dungeons and a host of architectural details. Your guided tour includes the castle complex and its exhibition halls with their collections of ceramics, sculptures and Baltic amber.
Gdansk Main Town - Your guided walk begins near Golden Gate, an ornamental arch that allowed access through the medieval city's walls. Walk along Long Street, passing Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque buildings to the Town Hall, Long Market and
St. Mary's Church - The pride of Gdansk, this Gothic church is the largest brick church in the world and can accommodate some 25,000 worshippers. The interior boasts 30 chapels, an elaborate altarpiece, a stone floor with ancient tombstones, and a 15th-century astronomical clock in the north transept complete with zodiac, and a calendar of saints.

第七站,奧斯庫,挪威。停留時間7 小時,須再多的作業,或者跟團,
偉格蘭公園,欣賞雕刻家偉格蘭四十年作品,深刻地表達年華歲月及人生百態,展示生命中循環不已的愛和希望。著名的維京船博物館及Konini博物館,收藏橫渡太平洋的大筏及大西洋的蘆草船Rall,航海家的探險奇蹟印證歷史遺跡。

Viking Museum & Oslo Highlights  ,3.5小時,85/人
A narrated drive explores Oslo's scenic highlights and visits the Viking Museum. The museum's three Viking longboats were unearthed near Oslofjord and date to the 8th and 9th centuries. View Gustav Vigeland's stone, iron and bronze statues on a guided walk. Then view the cradle of Olympic ski jumping at Holmenkollen.
WHAT YOU VISIT
Viking Ship Museum - The museum is home to three Viking long boats uncovered during 19th-century, and early 20th-century excavations near Oslofjord. In addition to the superbly crafted ships, the museum exhibits sleds, jewelry and other artifacts found aboard the vessels.

Vigeland Sculpture Park - Once considered controversial, the park is now one of Oslo's favorite attractions. Your guided walk visits the stone, iron and bronze sculptures of Gustav Vigeland. The sculptures depict a complete human life from birth to death. After your walk, a brief period of free time is allowed to explore the park on your own.

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