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1.Peking Roast Duck
Peking Duck has the reputation of being the most delicious food Beijing has to offer. Some find it a bit too greasy, but others get hooked after one taste. In any case, a Peking Duck dinner is usually a fixed item on any Beijing tour itinerary. Eating Peking Duck is also one of the two things you are absolutely supposed to do while in Beijing. The other one is climbing the Great Wall.
The place that offers the best Peking Duck is the Quan Ju De Restaurant, which has outlets at Qianmen, Hepingmen and Wangfujing. It was established 130 years ago and, if you count from the time when founder Yang Renquan began his duck business, it is 160 years old.
At Quan Ju De, ducks are immersed in condiments unique to the restaurant and are roasted directly over flames stoked by fruit-tree wood. The best roasted duck is date-red, shining with oil, but with a crisp skin and tender meat.
The chef than cuts the meat into thin slices, each having a piece of skin. Then the meat is served with very thin pancakes, Chinese onions and special sauce. The way to eat it is to coat the thin pancake with sauce, slap on a few pieces of meat and roll up the pancake. Chopsticks are optional: it is much easier just to grab the thing with your bare hands.
Another famous restaurant offering Peking duck is the Bian Yi Fang (Cheap Restaurant), which opened in 1855, nine years earlier than Quan Ju De. At Bian Yi Fang, roasting is done in an enclosed container fueled with crop stalks.
There are now hundreds of restaurants serving Peking Duck all over the city. Most of these restaurants offer ducks for 38 Yuan a piece, cheaper than that at the larger places.
2.Imperial Court Food
Imperial Court Food is a style of Chinese food that has its origins in the Imperial Palace. It is based on the foods that were served to the Emperor and his court. Now, it has become a major school of Chinese cooking and there are several places where you can sample this unique flavor. Fang Shan in Beihai Park and Ting Li Guan in the Summer Palace are the best ones. 150 years ago you would never have been able to eat this stuff, so give it a shot. It is a little expensive, however.
3.Imperial Official Food and Medicinal Food
This first type of food is particular to Beijing. In the past, Beijing officials were all very picky about what type of food they ate. The most famous type of Official food is Tan Family Food, which can be had in the Beijing Hotel. This is the preferred food of the Qing Dynasty official Tan Zongling, and was later introduced into restaurants. Another type of food is that which is described in the classic novel Dream of Red Mansions. The author, Cao Xueqin, described a number of dishes in the book and now there are several restaurants which serve this style of dish. The most famous place is the Beijing Grand View Garden Hotel. This hotel is right next to the Beijing’s Grand View Garden which is modeled after the garden described in the Dream of Red Mansions. Other restaurants featuring this novel type of food are the Jinglun Hotel and Laijinyuxuan Restaurant in Zhongshan Park.
There are hundreds of dishes that are medicated with such choice tonic materials as ginseng, deer musk, bear’s paw, Chinese wolf berry and soft-shelled turtle, the cream of the chop of Chinese medicine. The “Yang Sheng Zhai” Restaurant of Xiyuan Hotel has the best reputation among such food. Although it has been changed to Sichuan Restaurant, it still offers medicinal foods.
4.Hotpot
There are basically two kinds of hotpot restaurants in Beijing: Mongolian style and Sichuan style. The staple of both types of hotpot is mutton (yang rou). The meat is usually sliced frozen so that it curls up into a tube shape. Then you place the meat into the hotpot, which is a copper pot containing a boiling soup base. After a few seconds the meat is cooked and you dip it into a sesame butter sauce. The verb describing the action of cooking the meat this way is called “shuan”. Other shuan-ables include beef (fei niu), frozen tofu (dong dofu), Chinese cabbage (bai cai), bean sprouts (dou miao), and glass noodles (fen si). Spicy Sichuan hotpot has a soup base which can be described as either superspicy or mildly radioactive, but the pot is often divided into half spicy, half non-spicy soup pots. The soup base for Mongolian style is not spicy, and usually consists of some vegetables and seafood.
Famous Mongolian style hotpot restaurants are Neng Ren Ju at Baitasi, and Dong Lai Shun to the east of Tian’anmen Square. The most well-known Sichuan style hotpot restaurant is Jin Shan Cheng, of which there are many scattered throughout the city.
Recently there has been an explosion of buffet-style hotpot restaurants. Generally you pay a set price (often around 38 Yuan) for an all-you-can-eat meal. All-you-can-drink beer is included in the price too!
5.Traditional Snacks
Beijing has over 250 types of traditional snack foods. Many of them are made of glutinous rice, soy beans or fried materials. The king of all snack foods is called “dou zhi”. This is a strange-tasting, greenish-grey, fermented bean porridge, and if you can manage to eat a whole bowl of it you will earn great respect from your Beijing friends. Supposedly it is an acquired taste, but who wants to acquire it? For a taste of snack foods from outside of Beijing, take a trip to Snack Street, just off of Wangfujing Street. Starting from about 5:00 p.m., the vendors line up in their stalls and start selling foods from all parts of the country. You can have an entire meal’s worth of food walking from one end of the street to the other, trying this and that along the way.
Tian’anmen Square
Tian’anmen Square is one of the largest city squares in the world. It is situated in the heart of Beijing. The square was built in 1417 and was the entrance gate to the Forbidden City. Now the square stretches 880 meters from north to south and 500 meters from east to west. The total area is 440,000 square meters. That’s about the size of 60 soccer fields, spacious enough to accommodate half a million people.
Temple of Heaven
The unique architectural features of the Temple of Heaven delight numerologists, necromancers and the superstitious - not to mention acoustic engineers and carpenters. Shape, color and sound take on symbolic significance there. The temples, seen from an aerial perspective, are round, and the bases are square, derived from the ancient Chinese belief that heaven is round and the earth is square. Thus the north end of the park is semicircular and the south end is square.
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The Summer Palace
The largest and best-preserved imperial Chinese garden is situated in the northwest part of Beijing. The grounds are demarcated by Longevity Hill to the north and Kunming Lake to the south. The lake occupies three-quarters of the entire park. Longevity Hill is the focal point of the Summer Palace. The panoramic view from the Hill is well worth the climb. You can see the 17-Arch Bridge, the Jade Belt Bridge, and a lovely stone pagoda on a distant hill. The glazed golden tiles of the palace roofs have inspired many traditional Chinese landscape paintings.
The Site of the Ruins of Yuanmingyuan
Yuanmingyuan is the general name of the three gardens that surround the Lake of Happiness, namely, Yuanming Garden, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden. The construction of the garden began in 1707 and took 150 years to complete. During the Second Opium War in 1860, British and French troops destroyed the Old Summer Palace and looted much of its treasures.
Lama Temple
This Lama Temple was built as a mansion for Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty when he was a prince. In 1744, the temple was converted into a lamasery and the home of a large number of monks from Mongolia and Tibet. The lamasery has five halls. The prayer halls contain many superb statues including the 23-meter-high Maitreya, carved from a white sandalwood tree brought from Tibet, as well as Tibetan sculptures and a great copper cauldron.
Great Wall
“He Who Has Not Climbed the Great Wall Is Not a Real Man” is a popular Chinese saying. The Wall extends for 3,000 kilometers from the seaside in Shanhaiguan in northeast China to Jiayu Pass in Gansu Province, crossing five provinces and two autonomous regions. The most imposing sections of the Great Wall today are located at Badaling, Mutianyu and Jinshanling.
Zhoukoudian - Home of Peking Man
The famous home of Peking Man is located in Longgushan, Zhoukoudian, 50 km southwest of Beijing. At the beginning of the 19th century, a cave was found while diggers were mining. Scientists and geologists began excavations in 1921 and 1922. In 1972, large-scale excavations began and large amounts of animal bones were unearthed. On December 10th, 1972, the first complete cranium was excavated. The relic site is now open to the public.
Beijing World Park
This is China’s largest theme park containing mini replicas of 106 renowned scenic spots from 30 countries, including the Pyramids, the Eiffel Tower and the White House.
Chinese Ethnic Culture Museum
China is home to 55 minority ethnic groups, each with a diverse cultural heritage, different customs and dress as well as unique arts and crafts. The Chinese Ethnic Culture Museum is located in the northwest of Beijing.
Jingshan Park
Jingshan Park, or Coal Hill is located north of the Forbidden City. It is said that Ming emperors kept emergency supplies of coal hidden in the hill.
On the summit is the Ten Thousand Springs Pavilion, which used to be the highest point in the old city. On a clear day, you can see the former imperial palace, Beihai Park and the Drum and Bell Towers.
The Miaoguan Pavilion is best known as the place where the last Ming Emperor hung himself from a locust tree when the city fell into the hands of the peasant army led by Li Zicheng.
Grand View Garden
Grand View Garden is located in the southeast of Beijing. It was created in 1986 and modeled on the garden described in the classic novel The Dream of Red Mansion, an 18th century novel written by Cao Xueqin (1715-1763).
It contains a landscaped lake surrounded by forests and rockery, and pavilions made of wood according to traditional gardening layouts of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).
All the buildings are named after buildings in the novel such as “Bamboo Lodge,” “Warm Scented Arbor,” “Studio of Autumn Freshness” and “Lotus Fragrance Pavilion.”
China Art Gallery
China Art Gallery was established in 1962 to exhibit outstanding works of modern Chinese artists. The gallery is divided into 14 exhibition halls housing 10,000 paintings.
From 1962 to 1995, the Gallery organized over 1,000 exhibitions ranging from photography, calligraphy to stamp collections.
Beijing Art Museum of Stone Carving
Beijing Art Museum of Stone Carving is the first museum in China specializing in the collection and exhibition of stone carvings. The museum is located in Zhenjue Temple (Five Pagodas Temple), built some 600 years ago.
The Diamond Seat pagoda in the temple was built in the 1470s. It is built with stone and bricks and decorated with carved slabs of blue and white granites.
The Museum has a collection of more than 1,200 artifacts, with 600 items on display. There is also an exhibition titled “Man and Stone Carvings Throughout Chinese History,” displaying 69 rare stone carvings dated from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.
Beijing Aviation Museum
Beijing Aviation Museum was founded in 1986. The Museum has two exhibition halls and a 7,200-square-meter airfield. Dozens of aircrafts from countries around the globe are on display, including the P-61 “Black Widow,” P-47 “Thunderbolt,” “Harrier” and “Beijing No.1.” Exhibits include engines, instruments and weapons. There are also numerous models, pictures, movies and TV presentations.
Capital Museum
The Capital Museum, located in the Confucius Temple in Guozijian Street, Dongcheng District, is a state-run Museum which houses nearly 200,000 valuable historical relics unearthed in Beijing, including stoneware, bronzes, ceramics, steles, calligraphy works, paintings, jade ware and ancient coins.
The museum has hosted hundreds of exhibitions in China and many foreign countries such as Japan, the United States, Malaysia and Singapore.
1.on the double 迅速地,立刻地 2.double cross; double-crossing背叛/欺騙朋友;背信棄義的 3.double date; double-date包括兩對情人的約會n./v. 4.double trouble 非常麻煩或危險的人或事 5.gold銷售量在百萬張以上的唱片單曲或五十萬張的合集。 6.goldbrick; gold-bricker逃避責任,工作不認真(的人) 7.gold-digger主要為了獲取物質利益才約會或結婚的女人 8.golden oldie過去的流行歌曲(尤指現在仍受歡迎) 9.gold mine財富的來源或有價值的東西的來源 10.gold star讚同的標誌或成功的認可(含諷刺意味) 11.我也是。ditto 12.我今天不太對勁。I am not myself today 13.不要絕望。Don‘t go to pieces 14.她讓他頭大。She is a thorn in his side/a pain in the neck 15.對不起,我忘了。sorry, it slipped my mind 16.好險! That was close 17.那當然。You bet 18.我聽不懂你在說什麽 You are talking over my head 19.不要罵我! Don’t call me names 20.饒了我吧! Give me a break |
1 Great minds think alike. (英雄所見略同,這句做第一句最合適不過了, |
付款條件 現金帳戶 Cash account 預付現金 Cash advance 憑提貨單支付現金 Cash against Bill of Lading (B/L) 憑單據付現款||憑裝貨單付現款 Cash against documents 現金資產 Cash assets 現金結存||現金差額 Cash balance 現收現付製||現金收付製 Cash basis 付現款後交貨||交貨前付現款 Cash before delivery 裝運前付現款 Cash before shipment 現金交易 Cash dealing 現款押金||現金存款 Cash deposit 現金折扣||現金貼現 Cash discount 付現款||現金支付 Cash payment 現金結算 Cash settlement 貨到付現款 Cash on delivery (C.O.D.)(Eng.) 貨到收現款 Collect on delivery (C.O.D.)(Am.) 承兌後若幹天付款 days after acceptance (D/A) 開票日後若幹日 days after date (D/D) 見票後若幹日 days after sight (D/S) 定期匯票 date draft 承兌交單 documents against acceptance (D/A)||documentary Bill for Acceptance (D/A) 付款交單 documents against payment (D/P) 折扣 discount (DC) 付現款時2%折扣 less 2% due net cash 現款5%折扣 5% for cash 一個月內付款2%折扣 2% one month 三個月內付款需現金 3 months net 立即付現款 prompt cash 付現款 net cash||ready cash||cash 匯票(美) draft 匯票(英) bill of exchange 見票即付||即期匯票 draft at sight||sight draft 托收匯票 draft for collection||bill for collection 來取即付匯票 draft on demand||bill on demand 見票後 .. 天付款 draft at .. days' date 跟單匯票 draft with documents atta ched||documentary draft 無追索權匯票 draft without recourse 銀行匯票 bank draft 銀行匯票||銀行票據 banker's draft 商業匯票 merchant's draft 電匯 cable draft 折扣匯票 discount draft 被拒付匯票 dishonoured draft
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象形詞義串聯記憶法將象形單詞的意義串聯成一句漢語或者漢語順口溜——摘錄自《不擇手段學英語單詞記憶寶典》(作者 卓華宜) 同-eed:喂(feed)養(breed)行為(deed)確實(indeed)需要(need)蘆葦(reed)種子(seed)加雜草(weed)。 同-lame:跛子(lame)怪(blame)火(flame)。 同-edge:楔形(wedge)籬笆(hedge)保證(pledge)都有邊(edge)。 同b-tter:黃油(butter)苦(bitter)一點(bit)更好(better)。 同-eam:隊(team)裏的橫梁(beam)有裂縫(seam)。 同-heat:騙子(cheat)的小麥(wheat)加熱(heat)能吃(eat)。 同do-e:鴿子(dove)服藥(dose)打瞌睡(doze)。 同-ridge:橋梁橋梁橋(bridge)有梁(ridge),梁如加氟(f~諧音)是冰箱(fridge),梁如破(por-諧音)了喝稀湯(稀湯即粥porridge)。 同-ttle:瓶子(bottle)易碎(brittle)因戰鬥(battle),小壺(kettle)雖小(little)安頓(settle)牲口(cattle)。 同-est串記:最好(best)害蟲(pest)築巢(nest)西(west),惟恐(lest)測試(test)馬甲(vest)餘(rest)。 同-mulate串記:冒充(simulate)是模擬(simulate),加t成刺激(stimulate)。規劃(formulate)是形式(form),添加(ac-)成累積(accumulate)。 同s-eam:小河(stream)蒸汽(steam)縫(seam)裏飄,有屎(s諧音)奶油(cream)要尖叫(scream)。 同f-m:農場(farm)堅硬(firm)公司(firm),來自(from)泡沫(foam)形式(form)。 同-ock:公雞(cock)穿著短襪(sock)走,嘲笑(mock)岩石(rock)鎖(lock)碼頭(dock)。 同-culate:線路圓的(circula-→circular)才循環(circulate),隻有可(cal~諧音)靠才計算(calculate)。善於表達(articulate)有藝術(art),投機(speculate) 特別(spec-→special)靠推斷(speculate)。 ……共七百多句,涉及單詞2000多個。 象形詞義串聯記憶背誦句 一、3字母類 同~ad串記:壞(bad)男孩(lad),瘋(mad)爹的(dad),坐在墊子(pad)上悲哀的(sad)。 同~ag串記:落後(lag)袋子(bag)用破布(rag)做標簽(tag)。 同a~m串記:瞄準(aim)用武器(arm)。 同~am串記:假冒(sham)火腿(ham)果醬(jam)夾(ja~諧音),堵塞(jam)大水壩(dam)。 同~an串記:罐頭(can)看,黑(tan)象碳。盤子(pan)盤,男人(man)蠻,禁令(ban)頒。帶蓬貨車(van)布是帆,扇子(fan)煽動是要反——押韻的尾字均為相應單詞諧音。 同~ap串記:打盹(nap) 帽子(cap)輕輕叩(tap),地圖(map)大腿(lap)生裂口(gap)。 同~ar串記:焦油(tar)罐子(jar)耳朵(ear)鹵(櫓oar),汽車(car)戰爭(war)攔(bar)遠處(far)。 同a~t串記:螞蟻(ant)適合(apt)藝術(art)行為(act)。 同~at串記:席子(mat)拍子(pat)帽子(hat)堵,貓(cat)吃(eat)肥(fat)鼠(rat)變蝙蝠(bat)。 同~aw串記:按法律(law)生(raw)爪子(paw)應該在頜部(jaw)鋸開(saw)。 同~ax串記:斧子(ax)打臘(wax)收傳真(fax)稅(tax)。 同~ay串記:日期(day)對,快樂(gay)給。射線(ray)銳,幹草(hay)黑。放(lay)要壘,付(pay)要賠。海灣(bay)在北,問路(way)喊喂。說話(say)是誰?可以(may)才美——末尾字均為相應單詞諧音。 同b~d串記:投標(bid)一張發芽(bud)的壞(bad)床(bed)。 同b-g串記:乞求(beg)一大(big)袋(bag)臭蟲(bug)。 同bu~串記:但是(but)在公汽(bus)上買(buy)了生臭蟲(bug)的花芽(bud)。 同~ea串記:海裏(sea)豌豆(pea)象茶葉(tea)。 同~ee串記:看(see)蜜蜂(bee)收費(fee)。 同~eg串記:求(beg)要拜(be~諧音),腿(leg)能來(le~諧音),雞蛋(egg)舉例(e.g.)挨個(e.g.諧音)擺。 同~en串記:十(ten)隻鋼筆(pen),換隻母雞(hen)。 同~et串記:讓(let)坐噴氣(jet)還(yet)設(set)賭(bet),空氣潮濕(wet)網(net)愛畜(pet)。 同~ew串記:縫(sew)新(new)衣,露水(dew)滴(de~諧音),咀嚼思量(chew)真生氣(ch~諧音),很少(few)乘務(crew)怪全體(crew指全體乘務員)。 同fa~串記:扇子(fan)肥(fat),傳真(fax)遠(far)。 同gu~串記:膠姆糖膠姆糖(gum),中間一變是健身房(gym)。如果尾巴來變化,不操家夥(guy)就操槍(gun)。 i.e. e.g. etc.三個常用縮略詞意義易混,串記:愛衣(諧音)是即(i.e.),象蛋(egg)是例(e.g.),等等(etc.)略作e t c。 同~ie串記:往下躺(lie),要說謊(lie),帶結(tie)餡餅(pie)即(i.e.)死亡(die)。 同~id串記:命令(bid)除去(rid)蓋(lid),幫助(aid)一小孩(kid)。 同~ig串記:豬(pig)皮(pi~諧音)挖(dig)地(di~諧音)把大(big)比(bi~諧音)。 同-im串記:邊緣(rim)太暗(dim),瞄準(aim)他(him)難。 同~in串記:罐頭(tin)論“聽”,釘子(pin)“拚”,有罪(sin)之人反而贏(win)——引號內字為相應諧音。 同~ip串記:唇(lip)裏(~li~諧音)口水醮(dip)多滴(di~諧音),輕輕叩擊(tip)指間提(ti~諧音)。 同~it串記:一點(bit)坑(pit),靠打擊(hit),坐(sit)著適合(fit)靠智力(wit)。 同jo~串記:工作(job)漫步(jog)真喜悅(joy)。 同la~串記:實驗室(lab),有法規(law),落後(lag)男孩(lad)放(lay)大腿(lap)。 同ma~串記:男人(man)是瘋子(mad),地圖(map)可以(may)當席子(mat)。 同~ob串記:哭泣(sob)工作(job)遭搶劫(rob)。 同~od串記:上帝(god)點頭(nod)拿杆棒(rod)。 同~ot串記:圓點(dot)就象破(po~諧音)壇罐(pot),天氣多(lot)熱(hot)不(not)腐爛(rot)。 同ow~串記:貓頭鷹(owl)欠(owe)自己的(own)。 同~ow串記:現在(now)奶牛(cow)彎腰(bow)多麽(how)低(low),排行(row)播種(sow)牽引(tow)多吃力——其中,播種(sow)諧音“收”(有種就有收),牽引(tow)諧音“拖”(牽引就是去拖)。 同~ox串記:狐狸(fox)盒子(box)裝牛(ox)。 同~oy串記:高興(joy)使高興(enjoy),男孩(boy)玩具(toy)新。 同pi~串記:豬(pig)派(pie)坑(pit)中釘(pin)。 同r~b串記:搶劫(rob)時肋骨(rib)受摩擦(rub)。 red相關單詞串記:紅(red)床(bed)蘆葦(reed)放,擺脫(rid)杆(rod)和棒。 同~ry串記:試一試(try)幹(dry)哭(cry)。 同s~y串記:間諜(spy)狡猾(sly)天(sky)說(say)羞(shy)。 同su~串記:太陽(sun)出,數(諧音“訴”sue)總數(sum)。 同ta~串記:焦油(tar)輕輕叩(tap),黝黑(tan)交稅收(tax)。 同~ub串記:球棒(club)擦(rub)澡盆(tub)。 同~ue串記:由於(due)提示(cue)遭起訴(sue)。 同~ug串記:地毯(rug)用藥(drug),臭蟲(bug)擁抱(hug),猛拉(tug)插頭(plug)掉。 同~un串記:對著太陽(sun)跑(run),拿槍(gun)開玩笑(fun)。 同~up串記:暗示(cue)可以切割(cut)杯子(cup)——特異功能。 同~ut串記:但是(but)要放在(put)小屋(hut)外麵(out)砍(cut)堅果(nut)。 同~uy串記:買(buy)家夥(guy)。 同we~串記:結婚(wed*)像一張潮濕的(wet)網(web)。 二、4字母類 同ac~e串記:每英畝(acre)田地都是受了疼痛(ache)得來的。 同~ace串記:臉麵(face)肥死,鞋帶(lace)勒死,步子(pace)配死,比賽種族(race)是瑞士——末尾兩字為相應諧音。 同~ack串記:麻袋(sack)缺乏(lack)掛物架(rack),背後的(back)包裹(pack)要捆紮(pack)。 同~age串記:定鳥籠(cage)規格(gage)標準(gage),看每頁(page)工資(wage)憤怒(rage)。 同~ail串記:鐵軌(rail)尾巴(tail)不能拽,指甲(nail)提桶(pail)隻會敗(fail)。監獄(jail)歡呼(hail)下雹(hail)來,郵寄(mail)郵件(mail)用航海(sail)。 同-ake串記:湖(lake)上耙子(rake)蛋糕(cake)烤(bake),醒來(wake)帶走(take)緣故(sake)造(make)。 同~aid串記:瘋狂(mad)少女(maid)少件衣(~i~諧音),雖有幫助(aid)遭襲擊(raid)。 同~ain串記:下雨(rain)因疼(pain)糟,所獲(gain)主要(main)成徒勞(vain)。 同~air串記:頭發(hair)黑(h拚音首),金發(fair)飛(f拚音首),派(pair諧音)是成雙又成對——流行語“派對”的“派”由pair音譯而來。 同~ale串記:雄性(male)蒼白(pale)有故事(tale),出售(sale)刻度(scale)會變質(stale)。 同~all串記:禮堂(hall)牆(wall)高(tall)球(ball)落(fall)叫(call)。 同~alm串記:棕櫚(palm)王國(realm)行,風平浪又靜(calm)。 同~ame串記:溫順(tame)跛子(lame)掙名譽(fame),同樣(same)名字(name)玩遊戲(game)。 同~and串記:帶子(band)綁,手(hand)出汗,沙灘(sand)有傘,登陸(land)難——尾字為各單詞除字母d外的諧音。 同~ang串記:猛擊(bang)砰砰響(bang),吊死(hang)狗匪幫(gang)。 同~ant串記:喘氣(pant)要(want)吃螞蟻(ant)。 同~ard串記:院子(yard)論碼(yard)要保護(ward),卡片(card)硬難(hard)把力努(hard)。 同~are串記:赤裸(bare)野兔(hare)要照顧(care),車費船費(fare)敢(dare)稀疏(rare)? 同~ark串記:黑暗(dark)到(d拚音首),狗不(b拚音首)叫(bark),雲雀(lark)公園(park)沒(m拚音首)記號(mark)。 同~arn串記:警告(warn)學習(learn)用穀倉(barn)賺錢(earn)。 同~ase串記:花瓶(vase)基底(base)情況(case)容易(ease)了解。 同~ast串記:快速(fast)向東(east)扔和投(cast),過去(past)巨大(vast)落最後(last)。 同~ate串記:同事配偶(mate)命運(fate)比(rate),約會(date)大門(gate)恨(hate)晚(late)去。 同~ath串記:洗澡(bath)數學(math)讀,誓言(oath)走小路(path)。 同-ault串記:襲擊(assault)有錯(fault)要罰(fa~諧音)。 同~ave串記:鋪路(pave)有(have)洞(cave)用浪(wave)救(save)。 同~awn串記:黎明(dawn)誕(dawn諧音),草坪(lawn)爛(lawn諧音),打個哈欠(yawn)表示厭(yawn諧音)。 同bee~串記:牛肉(beef)啤(beer),含蜂(bee)蜜。 Bible table able串記:書桌(table)能夠(able)放兩(bi-)本聖經(Bible)。 同b~ll串記:鍾鈴(bell)圓象球(ball),帳單(bill)買公牛(bull)。 bolt belt melt串記:皮帶(belt)栓子(bolt)化(melt)了賣(me~諧音)。 同bul~串記:公牛(bull)體積大(bulk),眼睛象燈泡(bulb)。 同bu~y串記:串記:別要太繁忙(busy),小心被埋葬(bury)。 同ca~e串記:咖啡館(cafe)鳥籠(cage)有洞(cave)小心(care)蛋糕(cake)情況(case)。 同cas~串記:扔掉(cast)裝現金(cash)的盒子(case)。 同c~ip串記:剪成(clip)碎片(chip)。 同cl~p串記:大腿(lap)可(c~諧音)拍打(clap),嘴唇(lip)可(c~諧音)剪夾(clip)。 同c~u~e串記:治療(cure)線索(clue)裏麵有暗示(cue)。 同d~ck串記:碼頭(dock)甲板(deck)上有隻鴨(duck)。 同dee~串記:認為(deem)鹿(deer)的行為功績(deed)很深(deep)。 同d~ll串記:玩偶(doll)一定愚鈍(dull)。 dust dusk desk串記:放學是黃昏(dusk),書桌(desk)落灰塵(dust)。 同do~e串記:鴿子(dove)服藥(dose)打瞌睡(doze)。 drag drug drum串記:拖(drag)腰(藥drug)鼓(drum)——安塞腰鼓聞名中外。 同~ead串記:死(dead)讀書(read)會導致頭(head)象鉛(lead)一樣重。 同~eam串記:隊(team)裏的橫梁(beam)有裂縫(seam)。 同~ear串記:A.聽說(hear)親愛的(dear)怕(fear)生育(bear),穿衣(wear)掉淚(tear)吃洋梨(pear)。B.生育(bear)痛苦必須忍(bear),撕裂(tear)掉淚(tear)是因疼。齒輪(gear)穿衣(wear)遭磨損(wear),年年(year)附近(near)熊(bear)咬人。C. No bear,no rear. 沒生就沒養:先有生,後有養——rear“養”又有“後部的”意。 同~eat串記:座位(seat)敲打(beat)變整潔(neat),肉食(meat)加熱(heat)細菌絕。 edit emit exit elite 串記:出口(exit)精心校訂(edit),才能發射(emit)出精英(elite)。 同~eem串記:似乎(seem)認為(deem)該相信(deem)。 同~ell串記:鈴聲(bell)叫喊(yell)告訴(tell)好(well),砍倒(fell)地獄(hell)賣(sell)細胞(cell)。 同~end串記:彎曲(bend)傾向(tend)要照顧(tend),借出(lend)送走(send)去修補(mend)。 同~ense串記:稠密(dense)“等死”,緊張(tense)“疼死”,感官感覺(sense)真“神死”——引號內為相應單詞諧音。 同~ent串記:彎曲(bent)的帳篷(tent)租金(rent)一分(cent)錢。 同~est串記:最好(best)害蟲(pest)築巢(nest)西(west),惟恐(lest)測試(test)馬甲(vest)餘(rest)。改目的(goal)進監獄(gaol)。 exist exit串記:沒有出路(exit)那能生存(exist生活、存在)。 同f~d串記:喜愛(fond)被發現(find),要有基金(fund)建(found)。 同fil~串記:文檔(file)充(fill)膠片(film)。 同fi~m串記:堅硬的(firm)膠片(film)。 同fla~串記:垂下物(flap)是平坦(flat)並有裂縫(flaw)的旗子(flag)。 同f~ll串記:一充(fill)就滿(full),一落(fall)就砍(fell)。 同f~m串記:農場(farm)堅硬(firm)公司(firm),來自(from)泡沫(foam)形式(form)。 fold folk fork串記:民間的人們(folk)折(fold)刀叉(fork)。 同f~st串記:快速(fast)出拳(fist)爭第一(first)。 同f~x串記:傳真(fax)固定(fix)狐狸(fox)。 同go~d串記:黃金(gold)好(good),上帝(god)到。 golf gulf wolf串記:海灣(gulf)高爾夫(golf)場地有匹狼(wolf)。 hand hind hint串記:手(hand)放在後部(hind)做暗示(hint)。 同hal~串記:禮堂(hall)半(half)邊要止步(halt)。 同ha~e串記:野兔(hare)有(have)恨(hate)。 同~hat串記:戴帽子(hat)的什麽(what)人在那(that)聊天(chat)。 同hea~串記:聽說(hear)治愈(heal)了一大堆(heap)頭(head)熱(heat)病。 同hell~串記:哈羅(hello)沒開口(o),陰間地獄(hell)走。 同her~串記:她(her)這裏(here)的獸群(herd)是英雄(hero)。 同~hip串記:船和艦(ship),備皮鞭(whip)。 同h~ll串記:禮堂(hall)小山(hill)象地獄(hell)。 同hu~t串記:打獵(hunt)傷害(hurt)小屋(hut)。 同~ice串記:稻米(rice)美好(nice)老鼠(mice)惡(vice),離了冰快(ice)不能活。 同~ide串記:潮汐(tide)邊緣(side)廣(wide),騎馬(ride)皮革(hide)藏(hide)。 同~ild串記:溫和的(mild)、野蠻的(wild),都是前生修(build)來的。 同~ile串記:文檔(file)發,堆頭(pile)怕,瓷磚瓦片(tile)快要塌,英裏(mile)太遠遭人罵——fi~ pi~ ti~ mi~分別諧音為“發”、“怕”、“塌”、“罵”。 同~ilk串記:絲綢(silk)白,象牛奶(milk)。 同~ill串記:作坊(mill)象小山(hill),帳單(bill)來充滿(fill),直到(till)問遺願(will),殺死(kill)用藥丸(pill)。技能(skill)能讓靜靜地(still)濺(spill),激動(thrill)能往寒冷(chill)裏鑽(drill)。 同~ind串記:頭腦(mind)後部(hind)很善良(kind),發現(find)有風(wind)就捆綁(bind)。 同~ine串記:我的(mine)礦井(mine)線(line)九(nine)條,吃飯(dine)好(fine)閃耀(shine),鬆樹(pine)皮(p諧音)煨(wi~諧音)酒葡萄(wine)。 同~ite串記:引用(cite)風箏(kite)叮咬(bite)的位置(site)。 同~ing串記:國王(king)長翅膀(wing),鈴響(ring)把歌唱(sing)。 同~ipe串記:時機成熟(ripe)擦(wipe)管子(pipe)。 同~ire串記:防火(fire)太疲倦(tire),不要租(hire)電線(wire)。 同~ish串記:但願(wish)盤子(dish)裏有條魚(fish)。 同~ity串記:因為少綠地,城市(city)令憐惜(pity)。 同~ive串記:五(five)人潛水(dive)死,給(give)你一命活(live)。 同~ix串記:六個(six)固定(fix)易混合(mix)。 同ju~y串記:七月(July)七,陪審團(jury)曲(l→r)。 同lam~串記:跛(lame)羔羊(lamb)點燈(lamp)亂跑(lamp諧音)。 同~law~串記:按(n諧音)法令(law),修草坪(lawn),誰的爪子(claw)縫(flaw)拂(f拚音首)平。 同l~af 串記:一塊麵包(loaf)碎,象快葉子(leaf)飛。 同lim~串記:肢翼(limb)石灰(lime)灌,柔軟(limp)走蹣跚(limp)。 同~lip串記:嘴唇(lip)可(c~諧音)以夾(clip),否則就會滑(slip)。 同l~mb串記:小羊小羊(lamb)長翅膀(翼)(limb)。 同l~ne串記:小巷(lane)偏僻,略顯孤獨(lone*)。 同loa~串記:麵包(loaf)隻一塊,貸款(loan)來負載(load)。 同l~ng串記:開口長(long),是肺髒(lung)——o開口成u。 同~low串記:犁地(plow)吹(blow)牛(流flow)臉會慢慢(slow)發紅發熱(glow)。 同l~st串記:免得(lest)最後(last)列表(list)。 同~lue串記:藍色(blue)膠水(glue)和,有價(value)有線索(clue)。g一轉(g→b),膠水(glue)變藍(blue)。 mark mask task串記:工作(task)麵罩(mask) 做記號(mark)。 同mea~串記:食用肉(meat)表示(mean)一餐膳食(meal)。 同m~re串記:純粹(mere)隻不過(mere),差點是更多(more)。 同m~ss串記:大量(mass)苔蘚(moss)混亂(mess)弄,小姐(Miss)錯過(miss)未擊中(miss)。 同~now串記:現在(now)才知道(know)下雪(snow)。 同oa~串記:誓言(oath)橡樹(oak)做漿櫓(oar)。 同~oad串記:擔子(load)負(load),要走路(road)。 同~oal串記:煤(coal)是能量進爐“口”(coal諧音),球門(goal)是目標(goal)引瘋“狗”(goal諧音)。 同~oan串記:呻吟(moan)“蒙”,貸款(loan)“弄”,再次呻吟(groan)就“給融(資)”——末尾引號內為相應單詞諧音。 同~ock串記:公雞(cock)穿著短襪(sock)走,嘲笑(mock)岩石(rock)鎖(lock)碼頭(dock)。 同~ode串記:買鞋要既挑樣式(mode)又挑碼(code)。 同~oil串記:用油(oil)煮沸(boil)的土壤(soil)損壞(spoil)成卷(coil)。 同~old串記:握(hold)黃金(gold)冰冷(cold),疊(fold)模子(mold)冒失(bold)。 同~omb串記:炸彈(bomb)如梳(comb)通(tomb諧音)墳墓(tomb)。 同~ome串記:一些(some)人來到(come)我圓屋頂(dome)的家(home)。 同~ond串記:“契約”、“債棬”、“聯結”綁(bond諧音),喜愛(fond)太多掉池塘(pond)——有風險,小心淹死。 同~one串記:音調(tone)區域(zone)無(none)任何骨(bone),電話(phone)象石頭(stone)處單獨(alone)。 同~oon串記:正午(noon)月亮(moon)奇,調羹(spoon)馬上(soon)劈(p諧音)。 同~oor串記:貧窮(poor)之門(door)無地板(floor)。 同~oot串記:赤腳(foot)穿靴(boot)象生根(root),射擊(shoot)穩又準。 同~ork串記:工作是工廠(work),叉(fork)起豬肉(pork)來分享。 同~ose串記:關閉(close)水龍帶(hose),玫瑰(rose)鼻下(nose)擺(pose),藥品一劑(dose)丟(lose)和甩。 同~oss串記:老板(boss)丟(loss)苔蘚(moss),向上扔是顛(toss)。沒有loss成不了boss——不吃苦(失去)成不了老板。 同~ost串記:大多數(most)主人(host)好,郵寄(post)費用(cost)丟失(lost)少。 同~oup串記:湯(soup)要煮(組group)。 同~our串記:我們的(our)酸味(sour)灌注(pour)你們的(your)旅行(tour)四(four)小時(hour)。 同ove串記:鴿子(dove)愛(love)運動(move)。 同~owl串記:碗(bowl)裏有隻貓頭鷹(owl)。 同pr~y串記:捕獲物(prey)要祈禱(pray),求求上帝把命保。 同p~st串記:過去(past)害蟲(pest)要郵寄(post)。 同~rab串記:抓(grab)螃蟹(crab)。 同~rim串記:邊緣(rim)不(b拚音首)邊緣(brim),加t變齊整(trim)。 同r~in串記:下雨(rain)毀壞(ruin)使破產(ruin)。 同~rip串記:剝條(strip)去旅行(trip),水滴(drip)要抓緊(grip)。 同~row串記:烏鴉(crow)扔(throw),成排(row)眉毛(brow)生(grow)。 同s~an串記:細看(scan)天鵝(swan)的跨度(span)。細記:細看(scan)是死看(諧音),天鵝(swan)快死完(諧音),跨度跨距(span)是(s~諧音)隻盤(pan)。 同s~ay串記:停下來(stay)搖(sway),不要聊(say)(聊天是“說”)。 同see~串記:看見(see)他好象(seem)在尋找(seek)種子(seed)。 shoe shop ship串記:商店(shop)象船(ship)賣鞋(shoe)。 同sli~(除slum,sum)串記:苗條(slim)象出貧民窟(slum),貧民窟裏有總數(sum)。滑倒(slip)切開(slit)是疏忽(slip)。 同sou~串記:靈魂(soul)之湯(soup)酸了(sour)。 按順序每次變一字母:湯(soup)肥皂(soap)浸濕(soak)短襪(sock)。 同s~ow串記:下雪(snow)慢慢(slow)顯示(show)要播種(sow)。 同th~n串記:那時(then)比(than),薄(thin)在裏(in)。 同t~me串記:時間(time)難以馴服(tame)。 同tr~p串記:旅行(trip)象陷阱(trap)。 tub tube cube串記:澡盆(tub)管子(tube)是立體(cube)。 同~uck串記:卡車(truck)鴨(duck),好運氣(luck),觜吸(suck)舌卷(tuck)塞進去(tuck)。 同~ush串記:不(b~諧音)衝(rush)就刷(brush),可(c~諧音)衝會壓(crush壓碎)。一推(push)去衝(rush)灌木(bush)夾。 同~une串記:調子(tune)在六月(June),調節(tune)變和諧(tune)。 同~us串記:隻有(just)灰塵(dust),必定(must)生鏽(rust)。 同win~串記:風(wind)中酒(wine)香長翅膀(wing)。 同wis~串記:聰明的(wise)願望(wish)。 |
質量 上等貨 Al article||OK article 一級品 first grade article||fine article||good article||superior article 超級品 article of first quality||article of extrra OK grade||extra fine article 中級品 middling||medium goods||common goods||good fair average(G.F.A.)||fair average quality(F.A.Q.) 低檔貨 inferior article||article of inferior quality||low grade goods||bad goods |
(邊寫邊聽:以前陌生或熟悉的朋友們的錄音,今天刪了好多,留下的應該都是可以感動我的聲音了)
我有多久沒來這裏看看寫寫了,將近一個月,因為剛剛花了半小時看完整個5月份收到的信息和各位的博客,說實話我已經幾乎不加誰為好友了,因為在網上更喜歡旁觀和路過。整整忙了一個月,今天一天都在和我的電腦較真,最後我因為電腦無法進入係統被踢出了網絡,不過看著不再有反應的電腦我並沒有多慌張,我想自己呆一會也不錯。洗個澡,洗頭發,刷牙,洗臉,再來張麵膜,吃那顆放在包裏已有半個月的糖。看看鏡子裏的自己,頭發長了一點,以後好好對自己吧,要清爽,要睡好,要吃飽(我用頭暈饑餓筋疲力盡的感覺,懲罰曾不珍惜幸福的生活),要快樂,要堅強,要勇敢。
然後在朋友的幫助下第一次自己裝了係統,很快我又回來了~!連著兩次自己修好了電腦,感覺我真的變了。隻是可惜我的那麽多文檔都沒有了,那麽多翻譯的資料啊,那麽多喜歡的網站和喜歡的博客,都沒有了,沒有了。這樣的感覺似曾相識,失去你很在乎的東西的感覺,現在再經曆,我卻平靜的要命。因為我知道我難過它們也不會回來,不如當它們不曾存在過。丟得起,輸得起,拚得起,一年內我不會被任何事打倒。治療情緒低沉的最好方法就是投入的忙起來,沒時間頹廢,漸漸就不再頹廢了。幾個月,我真的換了頭腦,換了血液,換了人生的方向。哪怕最後考試沒過,我至少給自己治好了病,也算今年沒有白活。
本來想今晚給自己放個假,早早休息的。可惜無意中看到了墳地的blog,聊了幾句,都是頹廢的卻在學習英語的人,都是78年的,他的博是黑色,我的是灰色。他聽搖滾發泄,我聽感動我的歌。他的頭像鬼魅,我的很灰。不同的表達,同樣的情緒。祝後天生日快樂~!祝早日振作起來~!祝我的兄弟姐妹們都有個順利的2006~!
聽完,看完,寫完,我又少了2個小時的睡眠,不過可以過來發泄一下情緒很舒服。天天失眠想事情,許是沒來這裏寫東西的惡果。還是找不到目標,考試真的隻是打發時間的借口,真不知道自己想走哪條路,想過什麽樣的生活。失業不緊張,考試失敗不在乎,對什麽都無所謂,沒感覺的。難道頹廢過後,就是麻木。我都沒有努力賺錢的欲望了,我都深居簡出,素衣素食了,活那麽累幹嗎呢?我若對什麽事很努力,必是因為它可以讓我有成就感。越活越沒有欲望了,小時候學校的那些零食可以讓我冒險偷老爸的錢或拿飯票去換,現在我若還那麽不擇手段那麽貪婪,必要犯很大的的錯。越早犯錯,越早醒悟,代價越小。
0:44,晚安。
英語中有很多慣用表達,它們可以用漢語思想編碼去交換,在一定的語境中也好像說得通,但在這樣的理解基礎上去翻譯它們,卻不能準確傳達原文的含義,因此誤譯也就在所難免。這些容易導致我們“想當然”的英語慣用語,可大致歸為以下幾類。
一.有些英語慣用語表達的真正含義是其喻義或引申義,如果隻將其字麵意義直譯出來,就可能產生誤譯。
1. In a flash the evil intent of the vice-president to usurp power hit the president between the eyes.
誤譯:一刹那間,副總統篡權的罪惡意圖給總統當頭一棒。
應譯為:一刹那間,總統明白了副總統篡權的罪惡意圖。
這裏“to hit someone between the eyes”,為“to strike someone (metaphorically speaking)”,喻義為“使人忽然了解,使人猛然明白”。而漢語中“給某人當頭一棒”,卻無此意。
2. The changes in the education system are a step in the right direction and will improve the teaching in our school.
誤譯:教育體製改革朝著正確的方向邁進了一步,它將改進我們學校的教學。
應譯為:教育體製改革是一個有效的措施,它將改進我們學校的教學。
這裏“a step in the right direction”用來比喻“an action which helps to improve a situation”,即“有效步驟或措施”。如果是將其直譯,就沒有反映出“有效”這個表達結果的含義。
3.This is a dangerous and violent city. In some parts of it, the only law is the law of the jungle.
誤譯:這是一個危險的充滿暴力的城市。在有些地方,惟一的原則就是森林法則。
應譯為:這是一個危險的充滿暴力的城市。在有些地方,惟一的原則就是弱肉強食。
這裏“the law of the jungle”引申為“principles for surviving in a violent and dangerous situation, no rules at all”,如譯為“森林法則”,則含義不明。“弱肉強食”才是準確、明了地傳達了原文所要表達的意義。
4. When my ship comes in, take a trip to Casablanca.
誤譯:當我的船進港時,我就要到卡薩布蘭卡去。
應譯為:當我發了財時,我就要到卡薩布蘭卡去。
這裏“when someone’s ship comes in”是個引喻,指滿載貴重貨物的船到達港口,貨主從而可獲高額利潤(往往表示期望)。因此,應譯為“當某人變成富翁時或事業發達時”,漢語的“發財”恰好反映了這個含義。
5. They slip out one by one and I was left holding the baby.
誤譯:他們一個個都跑掉了,剩下我來抱孩子。
應譯為:他們一個個都跑掉了,剩下我來幹這倒黴的差事。
這裏“be left holding the baby”含義為“to find oneself responsible for doing something which someone else has started and left unfinished”,與漢語中“接下爛攤子”意思一致,“剩下我來幹這倒黴的差事”表達了這層含義。
二.有些英語慣用語在字麵上同漢語表達相似,卻貌合神離。如果不求甚解,就會出錯。
6. Mr. Nixon said, “We two countries have common interests over and above our differences.”
誤譯:尼克鬆先生說:“我們兩國具有遠遠高於我們分歧的共同利益。”
應譯為:尼克鬆先生說:“我們兩國除了有分歧,也有共同的利益。”
這裏“over and above”沒有“在……之上”的含義,其用法相當於“besides”。
7. You don’t seem to come anywhere near to knowing the importance of working on the program, you’d better take your fingers out.
誤譯:你看來一點也不了解這項計劃的重要性,你幹脆別再插手了。
應譯為:你看來一點也不了解這項計劃的重要性,你最好現在就動手。
“take one’s fingers out”似乎與漢語的“別再插手了”意思一樣,其實它是叫人把手從口袋裏拿出來,開始幹活,因此,它所要表達的意義是“開始幹”而不是“停止並退出”。
8.To my joy, my son knows a thing or two about Italian.
誤譯:使我高興的是,我兒子對意大利語也略知一二。
應譯為:使我高興的是,我兒子對意大利語還很精通哩。
“know a thing or two”其實是指“to have practical and useful information gained from experience”,不是“略知一二”,而是“非常熟悉,了如指掌”。
9.His speech was given a warm reception by the crowd.
誤譯:他的講話受到群眾的熱烈歡迎。
應譯為:他的講話受到群眾的強烈反對。
“be given a warm reception”是句反語,含義為“be attacked violently in words”。如將其直譯,這句話的意思就弄反了。另一個習語“give somebody a warm time”,用法與此相同,意為“make somebody embarrassed”。
10. When do you hope to start a family?
誤譯:你希望什麽時候成家呢?
應譯為:你希望什麽時候生第一個孩子?
“start a family”不是“成家”,而是“give birth to the first child”。
三.許多英語慣用表達中包含著固定搭配,如不認清這些特殊句型所表達的意義,極易出現誤譯。
11. It is a good athlete that never loses points.
誤譯:從不丟分的運動員才是優秀的運動員。
應譯為:再好的運動員也會丟分。
這裏,“It is a +adj. + n. That + 否定句”是個習語中常出現的句型,應理解為“even if... + adj.,
肯定句”,即“再……的,也會……”。而與此結構相似的強調句型中,一般沒有形容詞。
12.You are not going to marry her, and that’s final.
誤譯:你不準備同她結婚,那就算了。
應譯為:你不許同她結婚,就這樣定了。
“You are not going to +v.”意為“禁止你……,不許你……”。
13.The visit can’t have left us a deeper impression.
誤譯:這次訪問根本不會給我留下較為深刻的印象。
應譯為:這次訪問給我們留下的印象最深刻不過了。
“can’t + 形容詞或副詞比較級”,其實表達的是最高級的意義。
14. I can’t see you quickly enough.
誤譯:我不可能很快見到你。
應譯為:我巴不得盡快與你見麵。
“cannot +adj./adv.+ enough”,意思是“越……越好”。而另一個與此相似的句型為,“can誸 + v. +enough”,意為“非常……十分……”,如I can’t like the English teaching enough. 譯為“我非常喜歡教英語”。
15. No criticism will be too severe to be gratefully acknowledged.
誤譯:沒有一種批評會是尖銳得使人無法領謝的。
應譯為:批評盡管尖銳,我們仍會衷心感謝。
這裏“no + too...to”句型不同於一般“too...to”句型,“No...too”部分譯為“盡管”,“to (be)”部分譯為“也會,也將”。
四. 有些英語表達在特定的語境裏,尤其在口語中,有特定的含義,翻譯這些表達時,應該將其包含的語氣譯出。
16.They had a good laugh at my expense. How do you like that!
誤譯:他們大大地把我取笑了一番。你覺得他們做得對嗎?
應譯為:他們大大地把我取笑了一番。你說氣人不氣人!
這裏“How do you like that!”請注意後麵的感歎號,極易與How do you like that? Perfect. “你覺得怎麽樣?棒極了。”中的問號混淆。
17. -“In the face of all this they actually stood up by and did nothing.”
-“You don’t say so!”
誤譯:“麵對這一切,他們竟然袖手旁觀,什麽都不做。”
“你不要這樣說!”
應譯為:“麵對這一切,他們竟然袖手旁觀,什麽都不做。”
“竟有這樣的事!”
“You don’t say so!”用來表示“在所說某事之後,感到非常驚奇”,可譯為“竟有這樣的事!”或“我沒聽錯吧!”
18. -“You accepted her offer, didn’t you?”
-“No fear!”
誤譯:“你接受了她的建議,是嗎?”
“不用怕,我當然接受了。”
應譯為:“你接受了她的建議,是嗎?”
“不會的!”
“No fear! “表示“不會!”,“肯定沒有這種可能性。”
19. I’ll be blessed if I do it!
誤譯:如果我幹這事,我就太有福了!
應譯為:要是我幹這事,我就沒有好下場!
這裏be blessed是賭咒的話,意為“I’ll be hanged if...”。
20. No, I won’t lend you the money, you’re had it!
誤譯:不,我不會把錢借給你的,你已經借過錢了!
應譯為:不,我不會把錢借給你的,你別指望了!
“You’ve had it!”意為“It’s no use hoping.”
1. Lobbyists Out Of Shadows Into The Spotlight: Lobbyists come out of the closet and became visible.
2. public-relations: of or concerning the relations between an organization and the general public, which must be kept friendly in various ways, or the work of keeping these relations friendly. (公共關係。職工四、政府等利用大眾傳播媒介宣揚其產品或政策等,以獲得輿論上的好感;也指一個機構與公眾之間建立良好的關係,以保持良好信譽,任何時候都不能抵觸公共利益。不過常含有“宣傳”之意。)
3. shady operator: a behind-the-scenes lobbyist
正文:
1. The Reagon administration’s tax-reform proposal─ 裏根行政當局的稅改提議:即後來通過的Economic Recovery Tax Act(經濟複興稅法).
Reagan, Ronald ─ (1911-), 40thU.S. president (Republican) (1981-89). In 1980, Reagan gained the Republican presidential nomination and won a landslide victory over Jimmy Carter. He was easily reelected in 1984. Reagan successfully forged a bipartisan(兩黨)coalition in Congress, which led to enactment of his program of large-scale tax-cuts, cutbacks in many government programs, and a major defense buildup. He signed a Social Security reform bill designed to provide for the long term solvency(清償債務等的能力) of the system. In 1986, he signed into law a major tax-reform bill. He was shot in an assassination attempt in 1981.
In 1982, the U.S. joined France and Italy in maintaining a peacekeeping force in Beirut, Lebanon, and the next year Reagan sent a task force(特遣部隊) to lead the invasion of Grenada. Reagan’s opposition to international terrorism led to the U.S. bombing of Libyan military installations in 1986. He strongly supported El Salvador, the Nicaraguan contras(尼加拉瓜的反政府武裝或反革命分子), and other anti-communist governments and forces throughout the world. He also held 4 summit meetings with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. At the 1987 meeting in Washington, D.C., a historic treaty eliminating short-and medium-range missiles from Europe was signed.
Reagan faced a crisis in 1986-87, when it was revealed that the U.S. has sold weapons to Iran in exchange for release of U.S. hostages being held in Lebanon and that subsequently some of the money was diverted to the Nicaraguan contras (congress had barred aid to the contras). The scandal led to the resignation of leading White House aids. As Reagan left office in Jan.1989, the nation was experiencing its 6th consecution year of economic prosperity. Reagan, however, was unable to control the high budget deficits that plagued him throughout his administration.
In 1994, in a handwritten, personal letter to the American people, Reagan revealed that he was suffering from Alzheimer’s disease(老年癡呆症).
2. make up: to be part of; complete
3. advocate: a person who speaks in favor of, pleads of argues publicly for sth, such as a proposal, belief, or theory; a person who pleads or speaks for another; intercessor (說情者); a defender (某個建議、信仰、事業等的擁護者,提倡者)(實際上他們與副標題lawyers and public-relations consultants以及課文中提到的trade-association representatives等一樣,都是lobbyists, 不過是名義不同罷了)
4. special interests ─ a group or group having an interest in a particular part of the economy and receiving or seeking special advantages therein often to the detriment of(有損於) the general public.
特殊利益集團與利益集團(interests或 interest groups)同意義.利益集團指有個人組織成的集團, 以共同利益或要求為基礎,在社會中對別的集團或社會整體提出權利或財產等要求以鞏固或促進自己的地位或目標. 他們使用或采取一切手段和步驟,製造輿論,希望在立法上達到利益集團的目的.競選活動委員會,遊說集團等都代表著不同的利益集團,各行各業都有利益集團,在美國國會或白宮都圍著許許多多的壓力集團(pressure groups),因為他們是通過對議員,行政官員和輿論施加壓力來達到其目的的.在西方,這種集團的做法被認為是正常的,並無貶義.
5. regulatory agency: 管製機構;指幫助控製國家經濟活動而製定管製政策的獨立機構
6. Lobbying, a practice as old…seeking favor: lobbying這個詞來源於國會大廈的走廊或其他附近旅館的大廳(lobby)。國會議員和那些要求照顧幫忙的人之間的所建立的親密關係就開始於休息室。遊說這一行,由來已久,自從有了國民政府以來就有了。
strike up: to begin; bring into being
the Capitol ─ the building in Washington, D.C., occupied by the U.S. congress. The capitol refers to the building in which a state legislature (州議會) assembles. Care should be taken not to get “Capitol” or “capitol” mixed up with capital in both meaning and spelling.
7. Companies would…on retainer: Firms determined his vote their way on legislation by giving him money.
retainer: a sum of money paid to a lawyer or professional adviser for his continuing advice or services; annual retainer (一年的定金)
8. shady reputation: dishonest or unsavory reputation
9. Lobbyists quickly...the poker table. ─ 意思是院外活動分子是一幫聲名狼藉的歹徒,他們在賭場上轉悠收錢,資助議員競選連任.這裏我們可以將poker table理解為企業,這幫lobbyists是企業的政治說客.
10. Congress has been reluctant ... petition their government ─ 國會一直不願意修改保證公民有權向政府提出請願的法律。
這裏將lobbying說成是公民有權向政府提出請願的權利。這麽說原因有二:一是院外活動分子改變了傳統的活動方式,他們著重製定遊說策略,讓客呼去遊說自己或在議員選區和選民中組織基層活動,或在一旁指點迷津,揭示權柄之所在。由於他們自己往往不進行遊說,而隻充任基層組織者,立法策略設計人,公關專家或顧問,政府難以管製他們的活動,因為他們不觸犯院外活動的法規。二是議員為了能從lobbyists那裏獲得競選連任的資助,他們當然不願意得罪lobbyists,修改有關的現行法律。
11. ex-congressman ─ 前國會議員:Congressman ─ a member of the U.S. Congress, esp. of the House of Representatives 國會議員,尤指國會眾議員。課文中指的也是後者。所以,泛指美國國會議員是最好用a member of congress. 在英國,a member of Parliament(MP),指眾議院下院議員,不指貴族院(上院)議員。
12. Knowing your way around town and having access to important people ─ 熟悉華盛頓官場的路子,有辦法見到重要人物。值得注意的是access 這個詞,它用在政治方麵已成為influence的委婉詞了,多數情況指門路。
13. .A buyer’s market: a market condition characterized by low prices occurring when a supply of commodities exceeds market demand(買方市場。即市場上供過於求,價格趨跌,出現了有利於買方的情況。Ant. a seller’s market); here means there are too many lobby firms, so not all of them can have their business booming.
14. jumbo outfit: the largest of all the lobby firms
15. Robert Gray, who is well connected in the Republican Party: Gray has many connections or close friends in the Republican Party.
16. For every large lobbying firm ... specialized issues.─ “for each or every” is used say that each of one kind of thing has or will have sth of another kind:
a. For each mistake, you will lose half a point.
b. For every winner in this business, remember there is a loser.
17. big hitter: a strong batter(擊球員)in baseball; here refers to a large lobby firm.
18. To put a premium…clauses. 為了鼓勵打贏國會的鬥爭,有些合同中還有事成之後有獎金的條款。
put a premium on: to make it financially advantageous for sb (to behave in certain way, to do sth); make it the highest priority.
19. With millions or even billions of dollars… the stakes run high: 擺在國會前麵的法案有著數百萬甚至數十億美元的得失風險,所以(雇傭lobby firm的單位)賭注下的很大。
On the line: at risk
20. bail out the financially ailing Chrysler Corporation: to save from bankruptcy by giving or lending money
21. House Speaker Thomas “Tip” O’Neill ─ 眾議院儀長托馬斯.奧尼爾.Tip是它的綽號。Care should be taken not to get “speaker” mixed up with “SPEAKER” or “spokesman” in meaning.
22. “The other side… organized, too” (p157, par3): If one side advocates a cause, there will be the other side that opposes it. Both sides hire lobby firms to persuade legislators to pass or veto bulls (議案). If a bill is passed, it becomes the law which usually will benefit one side while harming the other. Here Mr. Hymel asked a lobbyist to get his would-be (未來的) clients organized because the other side opposing their cause is going to be organized. If you don’t do so, you might lose the battle in Congress.
23. Lobbyists often are hired… affect a client.(p157, par 4a): 雇用lobbyists與其說是為了影響政府官員的決定和決策,還不如說常常是為了發現可能影響客戶利益的華盛頓的動向(這就是說搜集政府部門有關決策動向的情報或信息)。這樣他們就成了搜集情報或信息的人員了(intelligence or information gatherers)。難怪有的lobbyist說,他不同於他的前輩,他不是靠人情,而是靠信息掙錢。美國國會通行的貨幣是信息,不是美元,也不是人情。
go on: to take place, happen
If you never read the newspapers, you’ll never know what’s going on in the world. (要是你從不看報,你就不可能知道世界大事。)
24. Anne Wexler, a former key aide in the Carter White House ─ Wexler 在卡特的白宮機構中擔任過重要助手的職務。白宮機構是總統的辦事機構,白宮即總統府。
Carter, Jimmy ─ (1924- ) 39th U.S. President (Democrat) (1977-81). A Baptist, Carter grow up on a Georgia farm and graduated the U.S. Naval Academy in 1946. As governor of Georgia (1971-75) he simplified the complex system of government of the state and instigated electoral and social reforms. He won the Democratic Presidential nomination in 1976 and defeated Republican incumbent Gerald Ford. The U.S. Senate refused to ratify Carter gave full recognition to China and effective in securing a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. His last year as president was plagued by Iran’s seizure of more than 50 U.S. hostages, who were released on Carter’s last day in office. He was defeated for reelection in 1980 by Republican Ronald Reagan.
25. grassroots lobbying: making an attempt to influence lawmakers in favor of a bill or policy by asking voters to bring pressure on them through letters, telephone calls and personal visits
26. work on: to influence
27. “First, last and always…the hearts of congressmen.”: So said because it’s the voters in their hometowns that have elected them lawmakers.
first, last and always: always and most importantly
28. touch off: to cause to begin
29. a law withholding taxes on interest payments(p157, par7):(在收入中)預扣付息稅法
30. have a long memory: never to forget
31. No 9-to –5 job: lobbying is not a regular working-hour (from 9am to 5 pm) job. Lobbyists have to work overtime.
32 . a two-way street: a street having two lanes for vehicles going in opposite directions (雙行道); here means mutual action, relationship or benefit (互惠互利;有來有往). (ant. a one-way street)
33. It is a rare night…most of the tab.在華盛頓很少有一個晚上沒有幾個籌款的雞尾酒會和其他活動,在這些籌款活動中,向現任國會議員的捐款者中,lobbyists占多數。當然,多數帳單是由客戶付的。
籌款的方式多樣,如在酒會上一張餐券實際隻值20美元,卻可賣1,000美元一張。從這裏可以看出議員與lobbyists互為需要:一方要繼續當官,要當官就要競選,競選需要錢,有錢才能當選。另一方要賺錢,要賺錢就要通過國會議員為他的事業而投票。因為客戶委托的事辦成了才能賺大錢。同時,他也必須讓國會議員放心,他們這樣做不會在下一次選舉時落選,他會為他們的選舉出錢出力的。
34. Push aside: to make yield place to sb else
35. Where lobbyists: here whereas, used to introduce a contrast
36. Watergate ─ In 1972 five burglar were caught in the Democratic headquarters in the Watergate hotel building in Washington, D.C., spying on behalf of certain members of Nixon reelection committee(尼克鬆競選連任委員會). This political espionage scandal finally led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974.