【英漢*詞匯*句型】 Questions And Answers About The Swine Flu

Questions And Answers About The Swine Flu

摘要：以下是有關在美國和墨西哥爆發的豬流感的一些基本知識。

Here are a few basics about the swine flu outbreak in the U.S. and Mexico.

What is swine flu?

It's flu that occurs in pigs. In rare cases, humans contract swine flu from close contact with pigs. The strain circulating now is cause for concern because it can pass directly from person to person. Like routine human flu, cases of swine flu can range from mild to severe.

Is the disease the same in Mexico and the U.S.?

The virus appears to be the same. But the disease has caused at least 20 deaths in Mexico, while it has appeared more mild in the 20 confirmed U.S. cases, with no deaths and most patients recovering without needing to be hospitalized. It's unclear why confirmed cases have been more severe in Mexico than in the U.S. A CDC official warned on Sunday that as cases continue to emerge in the U.S. , some may prove fatal.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms are similar to those of regular flu: fever, along with problems such as cough, sore throat, body aches, headaches, chills and fatigue. Some cases have also included reports of vomiting or diarrhea.

What should I do if I feel sick?

People with ordinary flu symptoms do not need to seek emergency care, New York City officials said. But people with certain warning signs in addition to basic symptoms should seek urgent attention. In children, those signs include difficulty breathing; bluish skin color; flu symptoms that begin to improve, then return with fever and worse cough; and fever with a rash. In adults, warning signs include difficulty breathing, pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen, sudden dizziness, confusion, and severe or persistent vomiting.

Can the swine flu be treated with drugs?

Two drugs, sold under the brand names Tamiflu and Relenza, are believed to reduce the severity and the duration of the disease. But most of the patients who contracted swine flu in the U.S. have recovered without taking the drugs. Both drugs have also been approved to reduce the risk of contracting the flu. But, unlike a vaccine, they do not provide long-lasting protection. So their preventive use is typically for short-term situations, such as for family members of someone who has the flu. The drugs, which are included in the federal government's pandemic stockpile, are only available with a doctor's prescription.

Does this year's flu vaccine protect against the swine flu?

The CDC says the seasonal flu vaccine is 'unlikely to provide protection' against the swine flu. The agency has created a 'seed vaccine' specifically tailored to this swine flu. That could be used to manufacture a targeted vaccine if officials deem it necessary to do so. But manufacturing a new vaccine would take months.

Are there ways to reduce the spread of disease?

Cover your nose and mouth when you cough or sneeze. Wash your hands often. Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Avoid close contact with infected people. People who have mild symptoms should stay home from school or work until 48 hours after the symptoms have passed, to avoid spreading disease, New York health officials said.

以下是有關在美國和墨西哥爆發的豬流感的一些基本知識。

何謂豬流感？

這是豬身上爆發的流感。在很少一些案例中，人類因與豬密切接觸而感染豬流感。目前流行的病毒毒株之所以令人擔憂，就是它能在人與人之間直接傳染。同普通的人流感一樣，豬流感病情也有從輕微到嚴重之分。

墨西哥與美國爆發的同一種豬流感嗎？

致病的病毒看來是相同的。但墨西哥的豬流感已導致至少20人死亡，而美國已確診的20例豬流感則要輕微的多，其中並沒有死亡病例，大多數患者都在康複之中，無需住院治療。目前還不清楚為何墨西哥確診的病例要比美國嚴重的多。美國疾病控製預防中心(CDC)一位官員周日警告說，隨著美國繼續發現豬流感病例，其中一些可能會有生命危險。

豬流感有何症狀？

症狀同普通流感相似：發熱，並伴有咳嗽、咽喉痛、肌肉痛、頭痛，發冷和疲勞。還有一些病例會有嘔吐或腹瀉的情況。

如果我感覺患病，應該怎麽做？

紐約市官員說，出現普通流感症狀的患者不需看急診。但除了基本症狀外，還出現一些危險症狀的患者應該看急診。對兒童來說，這些症狀包括呼吸困難；皮膚顏色變青；流感症狀開始改善，然後又出現發熱和咳嗽加劇；以及伴有皮疹的發熱等。對成人而言，危險的症狀包括呼吸困難、胸腹部疼痛或有壓迫感、突然的頭暈或神誌不清、以及嚴重或持續的嘔吐。

能用藥物治療豬流感嗎？

據信達菲(Tamiflu)和瑞樂沙(Relenza)這兩種藥物能夠降低豬流感的病情和發病時間。但在美國，感染豬流感的大多數患者在沒有服藥的情況下病情也出現了好轉。這兩種藥物也獲批可以用來降低感染流感的風險。但與疫苗不同，它們並不能帶來長期持續的保護作用。因此，它們一般隻具有短期的預防作用，如在某位家庭成員感染流感的情況下。這兩種藥物都在美國政府的疫情儲備藥物當中，且隻能憑醫生處方購買。

今年的流感疫苗能預防豬流感嗎？

美國疾病控製預防中心說，季節性的流感疫苗不太可能預防豬流感。該機構已經開發了專門針對豬流感的“種子疫苗”。如果政府部門認為有必要，這種疫苗可用於生產有針對性的疫苗。但生產一種新疫苗可能需要數月時間。

有沒有減少豬流感擴散的辦法？

紐約市衛生官員說，在咳嗽或打噴嚏時遮住你的鼻子和口。經常洗手。避免接觸你的眼睛、鼻子和嘴。不要與受感染者密切接觸。出現輕微症狀的人在症狀消失48小時之內應呆在家中，不要上學或上班，以避免傳染疾病。

詞匯講解

1. mild  adj. 溫柔的，溫和的，和善的；輕微的，不嚴重的；溫暖的，暖和的

I'm the mildest man alive.
我是世上最和善的人。

The sentence was mild.
判刑判得很輕。

That coat is too heavy for such a mild day.
這樣暖和的天氣, 穿那件大衣太厚了。

2. fatal   adj. 致命的；災難性的；重大的，決定性的

Her children's death is a fatal blow on her.
孩子們的死對她是致命的打擊。

It would be fatal to bring in outsider.
把外人引進來可能招致災難。

I made the fatal mistake of letting her talk.
我讓她講話是犯了嚴重的錯誤。

3. fatigue  n.疲勞，勞累

The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.
這位老婦人不能忍受長途旅行的疲勞。

4. vomiting   n. 嘔吐

The act or an instance of gagging or vomiting.
窒息，嘔吐窒息或嘔吐的行動或實例

5. diarrhea  n. 痢疾，腹瀉

He had an attack of diarrhea after going to the restaurant.
從餐館回來後，他就開始腹瀉

6. bluish  adj.接近藍色的，淺藍的

Her eyes are bluish green.
她的眼睛綠中透藍

7. abdomen  n. 腹部

The nurse tapped the patient's abdomen.
護士給病人放出腹水。

8. dizziness  n.頭昏眼花

The Devil, staggering with dizziness, was mad as hornets.
魔鬼暈頭轉向，站立不穩，暴跳如雷。

9. persistent  adj.持續的；不斷的

Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.
艾伯特連續頭痛了三天。

10. severity  n.嚴格，嚴厲，苛刻；劇烈；樸素

His severity scared the children away.
他的嚴厲嚇跑了孩子們。

11. vaccine  n.疫苗；痘苗

She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.
她每年秋季接種流感疫苗。

12. preventive  n.預防，防止 adj. 預防的，防止的

This accident serves to show the importance of taking preventive measures.
這次事故說明了采取預防措施的重要性。

13. pandemic  adj. (疾病)大流行的；普遍的，全世界的

The obesity pandemic - an extensive epidemic - which started in the US, has now spread to Europe, Australasia, Central America and the Middle East.
這股源於美國的肥胖風正在蔓延開來，現在已經傳遍了歐洲，澳大利亞，美洲中部和中東。

14. stockpile  n. 囤聚的物資 vt. 大量貯備

Get a hustle on to stockpile these essential material.
趕快把這些重要材料貯放起來。

15. prescription  n. 藥，治療方法；處方，藥方；開處方, 開藥

The dispenser quickly filled the prescription for me.
藥劑師立刻照處方為我配了藥。

The physician made a prescription against sea-sickness for him.
醫生給他開了個治暈船的藥方。

16. tailored to    適合，適應

The bus service is tailored to the needs of suburbs. 
改革公共汽車服務之適應郊區的需要。

17. deem  vt. 認為，相信

Don't you deem that it is your duty to help?
你不認為助人是你的責任嗎?

18. sneeze  n. 噴嚏 vi. 打噴嚏

Use a handkerchief when you sneeze.
打噴嚏時應該用手絹。

句型

It's unclear why confirmed cases have been more severe in Mexico than in the U.S. A CDC official warned on Sunday that as cases continue to emerge in the U.S.

It's unclear ...表示“……目前還不清楚”

例如：It is unclear what will happen to Kenny next. But Betty Anne and Scheck considet a retrial unlikely. 
 
還不清楚在肯尼身上將發生什麽，但是貝蒂·安妮和舍克認為再審的可能性不大。 
 
 
 (ZT)