關於綠卡持有人在美國境外居留時間的問題
(2007-11-28 22:42:11)
下一個
華人拿了綠卡,就等於翻身得解放,人就活過來了。不少人就回到國內做番事情。但是會遇到這樣的難題:居留時間過長,就容易喪失永久居民身份。不少人問過我這個問題。今天忽然想起這個事,發現以前我給一些朋友,包括壇子裏的,建議有不完整或者有問題。現在重新,做些補充與更正。
1、境外居留時間與喪失永久居民身份
所謂perminant resident,這個“永久”在根本上指申請人的表達出來的意願,即希望在美國永久居留,這一意願獲得了美國政府的確認與支持,就被授予綠卡。如果在美國境外居留時間過長,就明顯地表示申請人已經沒有這種意願並自動放棄綠卡。所以在歸化要求中,有一條是在美國本土居住。INA § 316, 8 U.S.C. § 1427.
境外短期居留顯然是允許的。但是多久才算是“過久”?大致來說:
6個月或者更少,沒有問題;
6個月-12個月,在海關很可能被沒收綠卡,但是綠卡持有人有機會去移民局或者法庭解釋自己沒有意向放棄綠卡。一般來說,美國政府會接受申請人的解釋。但是下次不可再犯類似問題;
12個月以上,沒戲了。
2、例外
對於在境內居住要求有一個例外,那就是如果被美國政府。。。公司等派遣到境外,那麽境外居住時間可以計算成境內居住時間。但是這需要事先獲得移民局批準。INA section 316(b),317
對於華人來說,最容易成立的理由是被美國公司所派遣。填表:N-470.明確:在境外居留半年以上,是完全或者實質性地為美國公司工作。表格下載地址:http://www.uscis.gov/files/form/N-470instr.pdf
3、被美國公司派遣
這個“美國公司”必須是移民法所認可的美國公司,即所謂qualifying American firm or corporation.什麽叫做qualifying?移民局以及憲法第三章法庭做了如下解釋。有興趣的對下麵這段話仔細琢磨幾遍:
A U.S. firm or corporation engaged in whole or in part in the development of foreign trade and commerce of the United States, or a subsidiary in which a majority of the stock is owned by a U.S. firm or corporation. Matter of Warrach, 17 I. & N. Dec. 285 (Reg. Comm\'r 1979) (noncitizen was employed by corporation incorporated in United States but 51% of stock was owned by foreign parent corporation; INS held that the individual was not employed by U.S. corporation, since a company has the nationality of its majority stockholders). The criterion is employment by the specified type of firm or corporation. Thus one who is self-employed or who is an independent contractor does not meet the statutory condition. In re Nathan, 114 F. Supp. 361 (S.D.N.Y. 1953) ; INS Interpretations 316.1(c)(4). No case has arisen involving employment by a wholly owned corporation. On the other hand, the statute is satisfied by employment, irrespective of the motive in accepting such employment, on commission or part-time, if the employee devotes a substantial portion of his or her time to such employment. Matter of P-, 5 I. & N. Dec. 332 (INS Central Office 1953) ; Matter of R-, 4 I. & N. Dec. 196 (INS Central Office 1950) ; INS Interpretations 316.1(c)(4). Employment by a foreign subsidiary owned by several U.S. companies, none of whom has more than a 50% share, is not deemed to satisfy the statute. INS Interpretations 316.1(c)(4). See also the definition of a U.S. firm or corporation for expedited naturalization purposes of INA § 319(b), 8 U.S.C. § 1430(b).
4、實務操作
如果沒有美國公司雇傭你和派遣你到中國,你怎麽辦?
操作:搞一個qualifying American firm。。。。。很簡單也不花幾個錢,不是嗎?
但是要注意:1、不能。。。2、不能。。3、不能。。
填表,交錢,批準。買機票。。。。。。。。你自由了。
希望對各位有用。祝各位好運。