10處過去未為人知的神奇地貌10 Geological Wonders you didn’t know（組圖）zt

The Wave (between Arizona and Utah - USA)

A red-rock stunner on the border of Arizona and Utah, The Wave is made of 190-million-year-old sand dunes that have turned to rock. This little-known formation is accessible only on foot via a three-mile hike and highly regulated.

Antelope Canyon (Arizona - USA)

The most visited and photographed slot canyon in the American Southwest, the Antelope Canyon is located on Navajo land near Page, Arizona. It includes two separate, photogenic slot canyon sections, referred to individually as Upper Antelope Canyon --or “The Crack”-- and Lower Antelope Canyon --or “The Corkscrew.”

The Navajo name for Upper Antelope Canyon is Tse' bighanilini, which means "the place where water runs through rocks." Lower Antelope Canyon is Hasdestwazi, or "spiral rock arches." Both are located within the LeChee Chapter of the Navajo Nation.

Great Blue Hole (Belize)

Part of the Lighthouse Reef System, The Great Blue Holelies approximately 60 miles off the mainland out of Belize City. Alarge, almost perfectly circular hole approximately one quarter of amile (0.4 km) across, it’s one of the most astounding dive sites to befound anywhere on earth. Inside this hole, the water is 480 feet (145m) deep and it is the depth of water which gives the deep blue color that causes such structures throughout the world to be known as "blue holes."

Crystal Cave of the Giants (Mexico)

Found deep inside a mine in southern Chihuahua Mexico, these crystalswere formed in a natural cave totally enclosed in bedrock. A geode fullof spectacular crystals as tall as pine trees, and in some casesgreater in circumference, they are a translucent gold and silver in color and come in many incredible forms and shapes.The Crystal Cave of the Giantswas discovered within the same limestone body that hosts thesilver-zinc-lead ore bodies exploited by the mine and it was probablydissolved by the same hydrothermal fluids that deposited the metalswith the gypsum being crystallized during the waning stages ofmineralization.

Eye of the Sahara (Mauritania)

Thisspectacular landform in Mauritania in the southwestern part of theSahara desert is so huge with a diameter of 30 miles that it is visiblefrom space. Called Richat Structure --or the Eye of the Sahara-- the The formation was originally thought to be caused by a meteorite impact but now geologists believe it is a product of uplift and erosion. The cause of its circular shape is still a mystery.

Blue Lake Cave (Brazil)

Mato Grosso do Sul region in Brazil (and especially the quiet town ofBonito) boasts many marvelous underground lakes: Gruta do Lago Azul,Gruta do Mimoso, Aquário Natural. The world famous "Gruta do Lago Azul”(Blue Lake Cave)is a natural monument whose interior is formed by stalactites,stalagmites and a huge and wonderful blue lake. The beauty of the lakeis something impressive. The Blue Lake Cave has a big variety ofgeological formation but impresses mainly for the deep blue colored water of its inside lake.

Giants Causeway (Ireland)

An area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the Giants Causeway is a result of an ancient volcanic eruption. Locatedon the north-east coast of Northern Ireland, most of its columns arehexagonal, although there are also some with four, five, seven andeight sides. The tallest are about 12 meters (36 ft) high, and thesolidified lava in the cliffs is 28 meters thick in places. In a 2005poll of Radio Times readers, the causeway was named as the fourth greatest natural wonder in the United Kingdom.

Hell Gate (Uzbekistan)

Called by locals The Door to Hell,this place in Uzbekistan is situated near the small town of Darvaz.When geologists were drilling for gas, 35 years ago, they suddenlyfound an underground cavern that was so big, all the drilling site withall the equipment and camps got deep deep under the ground. None daredto go down there because the cavern was filled with gas, so theyignited it so that no poisonous gas could come out of the hole, andsince then, it has been burning. Nobody knows how many tons ofexcellent gas has been burned for all those years but it just seems tobe infinite.

Wave Rock (Australia)

The Wave Rock is a natural rock formation locatedin western Australia. It derives its name from the fact that it isshaped like a tall breaking ocean wave. The total outcrop coversseveral hectares; the "wave" part of the rock is about 15 meters highand approximately 110 meters long.One aspect of Wave Rock rarely shown on photographs is the retaining wallabout halfway up the rock. This follows the contours and allowsrainwater to be collected in a dam. It was constructed in 1951 by thePublic Works Department, and such walls are common on many similarrocks in the wheatbelt.

Chocolate Hills (Philippines)

Composedof around 1,268 perfectly cone-shaped hills of about the same sizespread over an area of more than 50 square kilometres (20 sq mi), thishighly unusual geological formation, called Chocolate Hills, is located in Bohol, Philippines.There are a number of hypotheses regarding the formationof the hills. These include simple limestone weathering, sub-oceanicvolcanism, the uplift of the seafloor and a more recent theory whichmaintains that as an ancient active volcano self-destructed, it spewedhuge blocks of stone which were then covered with limestone and laterthrust forth from the ocean bed.