加利福尼亞州未成年人醫療同意和保密法

朋友評論：

1、加州家長們的恐怖片看得心裏拔涼拔涼的... 不允許醫療

保健提供者在未經未成年人同意的情況下通知家長或其法定監護人。提供者僅可以在以下前提與他們分享未成年人的醫療信息：未成年人簽署授權書。

2、未成年人不可以買酒，可以幹這個，家長們保護好孩子啊！3、盜竊搶劫950美元以下不算犯罪，於是就去超市、沃爾瑪隨便拿……，加州的奇葩政策太多了。

請大家為取消加州的奇葩魔鬼政策禱告！謝謝。

～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～

加利福尼亞州未成年人醫療同意和保密法

SVCAF SVCAF 1周前

加利福尼亞州未成年人醫療同意和保密法
CALIFORNIA MINOR CONSENT AND CONFIDENTIALITY LAWS

1. 任何年紀的未成年人可以同意
MINORS OF ANY AGE MAY CONSENT

1.1 懷孕
PREGNANCY

1.1.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

未成年人可以同意接受與避孕或治療妊娠有關的醫療服務，而絕育除外。（家庭法§ 6925）
“A minor may consent to medical care related to the prevention or treatment of pregnancy,” except sterilization. (Fam. Code § 6925).

1.1.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

不允許醫療保健提供者在未經未成年人同意的情況下通知家長或其法定監護人。提供者僅可以在以下前提與他們分享未成年人的醫療信息：未成年人簽署授權書。（健康和安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); 民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).

1.2 避孕
CONTRACEPTION

1.2.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

未成年人可以在不經家長同意的情況下接受避孕措施。（家庭法§ 6925）
A minor may receive birth control without parental consent. (Fam. Code § 6925).

1.2.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

不允許醫療保健提供者在未經未成年人同意的情況下通知家長或其法定監護人。提供者僅可以在以下前提與他們分享未成年人的醫療信息：未成年人簽署授權書。（健康和安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); 民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).

1.3 墮胎
ABORTION

1.3.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

未成年人可以同意墮胎而無需其家長的同意。（家庭法§ 6925；以及判例 American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungren, 16 Cal.4th 307 (1997）
A minor may consent to an abortion without parental consent. (Fam. Code § 6925; American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungren,16 Cal.4th 307 (1997)).

1.3.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

未經未成年人的同意，醫療保健提供者不得通知其家長或法定監護人。提供者隻能在未成年人簽名授權下向他們披露未成年人的醫療信息。（Lungren案判例；健康和安全法§§123110(a), 123115(a)(1)；民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (American Academy of Pediatrics v. Lungren, 16 Cal.4th 307 (1997); Health & Safety Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).  

1.4 性侵的相關救治服務
SEXUAL ASSAULT1 SERVICES

僅出於未成年人同意醫療保健的目的，此處所列性侵包括口交，雞奸，和其他類型性犯罪。
1 For the purposes of minor consent health care alone, sexual assault includes acts of oral copulation, sodomy, and other crimes of a sexual nature.

1.4.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

【可能】曾遭受過性侵的未成年可以同意接受醫療保健相關的診斷，治療和收集與之相關的醫療證據。（家庭法§ 6928）
“A minor who [may] have been sexually assaulted may consent to medical care related to the diagnosis, treatment and the collection of medical evidence with regard to the…assault.” (Fam. Code § 6928).

1.4.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

醫療保健提供者必須嚐試與未成年人的家長/監護人聯係，並在未成年人病曆中記錄嚐試聯係的日期和時間，以及是否聯係成功。如果治療專家合理地認為其家長/監護人實施了侵犯，則該規定不適用。（家庭法§ 6928）
The health care provider must attempt to contact the minor’s parent/guardian and note in the minor’s record the day and time of the attempted contact and whether it was successful. This provision does not apply if the treating professional reasonably believes that the parent/guardian committed the assault. (Fam. Code § 6928).

根據加州法律，對未成年人的強奸和性侵犯都被視為虐待兒童，包括醫療健康提供者在內的授權吹哨人必須舉報此類行徑。提供者不能在未經青少年同意的情況下向其家長透露他們已提交此報告。但是，應告知青少年患者，調查該報告的虐待兒童相關機構可能會向其家長披露該舉報。（刑法§§ 11165.1, 11165.6, 11166, 11167）
Both rape and sexual assault of a minor are considered child abuse under California law and mandated reporters, including health providers, must report it as such. Providers cannot disclose to parents that they have made this report without the adolescent’s authorization. However, adolescent patients should be advised that the child abuse authorities investigating the report may disclose to parents that a report was made. (See Pen. Code §§ 11165.1, 11165.6, 11166, 11167.)

1.5 對未滿12歲未成年被強奸的相關救治服務
RAPE2 SERVICES FOR MINORS UNDER 12 YRS3

對強奸的定義適用刑法§ 261
請參閱下文的“已滿12歲未成年被強奸的相關救治服務”
RAPE2 SERVICES FOR MINORS UNDER 12 YRS3
2 Rape is defined in Penal Code § 261.
3 See also “Rape Services for Minors 12 and Over” on page 3 of this chart

1.5.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

可能遭遇強奸的未滿12歲未成年人 “可以同意接受醫療與診斷，治療和收集有關強奸方麵的醫學證據。“（家庭法§ 6928）
A minor under 12 years of age who may have been raped “may consent to medical care related to the diagnosis,…treatment and the collection of medical evidence with regard” to the rape. (Fam. Code § 6928).

1.5.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

醫療保健提供者必須嚐試與未成年人的家長/監護人聯係，並在未成年人病曆中記錄嚐試聯係的日期和時間，以及是否聯係成功。如果治療專家合理地認為其家長/監護人實施了侵犯，則該規定不適用。（家庭法§ 6928）
The health care provider must attempt to contact the minor’s parent/guardian and note in the minor’s record the day and time of the attempted contact and whether it was successful. This provision does not apply if the treating professional reasonably believes that the parent/guardian committed the assault. (Fam. Code § 6928).

根據加州法律，對未成年人的強奸和性侵犯都被視為虐待兒童，包括醫療健康提供者在內的授權吹哨人必須舉報此類行徑。提供者不能在未經青少年同意的情況下向其家長透露他們已提交此報告。但是，應告知青少年患者，調查該報告的虐待兒童相關機構可能會向其家長披露該舉報。（刑法§§ 11165.1, 11165.6, 11166, 11167）
Both rape and sexual assault of a minor are considered child abuse under California law and mandated reporters, including health providers, must report it as such. Providers cannot disclose to parents that they have made this report without the adolescent’s authorization. However, adolescent patients should be advised that the child abuse authorities investigating the report may disclose to parents that a report was made. (See Pen. Code §§ 11165.1, 11165.6, 11166, 11167.)

1.6 緊急醫療服務*
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES*

*緊急情況是指“需要立即提供服務以減輕嚴重疼痛或立即診斷出未預見的醫療狀況，如果不立即診斷和治療，將導致嚴重的殘疾甚至死亡”後果（業務和專業守則§ 2397(c)(2)）
*An emergency is “a situation . . . requiring immediate services for alleviation of severe pain or immediate diagnosis of unforeseeable medical conditions, which, if not immediately diagnosed and treated, would lead to serious disability or death” (Bus. & Prof. § 2397(c)(2)).

1.6.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

如果提供者“合理地認為[該]程序應立即進行並且沒有足夠的時間獲得[家長]的知情同意，則提供者不應對未成年人執行此程序負責。（業務和專業守則§ 2397(c)(2)）
A provider shall not be liable for performing a procedure on a minor if the provider “reasonably believed that [the] procedure should be undertaken immediately and that there was insufficient time to obtain [parental] informed consent.” (Bus. & Prof. Code § 2397(c)(2)).

1.6.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

其家長或監護人通常有權檢查未成年人的記錄。（健康和安全法§§ 123110(a)；民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）但請留意尾注（exc）部分）
The parent or guardian usually has a right to inspect the minor’s records. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a); Civ. Code § 56.10. But see exception at endnote (EXC.)).

1.7 骨骼X光射線診斷虐待兒童或過失侵權*
SKELETAL X-RAY TO DIAGNOSE CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT*

*提供者不需要未成年人或其家長的同意即可執行本節中的程序。
* The provider does not need the minor’s or parent’s consent to perform a procedure under this section.

1.7.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

“醫師，外科醫生或牙醫或其代理人可以不經未成年家長或監護人同意而對其進行骨骼X光檢查，但僅為可能存在的虐待或兒童或過失侵權的案件診斷並確定其程度為目的。”（刑法§ 11171.2）
“A physician and surgeon or dentist or their agents . . . may take skeletal X-rays of the child without the consent of the child’s parent or guardian, but only for purposes of diagnosing the case as one of possible child abuse or neglect and determining the extent of.” (Penal Code § 11171.2).

1.7.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

根據本法規所報告的信息，在任何法院程序中醫患特權和心理治療師特權均不適用。
Neither the physician-patient privilege nor the psychotherapist patient privilege applies to information reported pursuant to this law in any court proceeding.

2. 已滿12歲的未成年人可以同意
MINORS 12 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER MAY CONSENT

2.1 傳染病（診斷，治療）
INFECTIOUS, CONTAGIOUS COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
(DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT)

2.1.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

“未滿12歲且可能已與傳染性疾病接觸過的未成年人，如果該疾病是法律要求報告的。可以同意接受治療診斷。”（家庭法§ 6926）
“A minor who is 12 years of age or older and who may have come into contact with an infectious, contagious, or communicable disease may consent to medical care related to the diagnosis or treatment of the disease, if the disease… is one that is required by law…to be reported….” (Fam. Code § 6926).

2.1.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

不經未成年人的同意，醫療保健提供者不得通知其家長或法定監護人。提供者隻能在未成年人簽名的授權後向他們披露未成年人的醫療信息。（健康和安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); 民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).

2.2 性傳播疾病（預防護理，診斷，治療）
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
(PREVENTIVE CARE, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT)

2.2.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

可能接觸過性傳播疾病的已滿12歲的未成年人可以同意接受與該疾病的診斷或治療有關的醫療護理。已滿12歲的未成年人也可以同意與預防性傳播疾病有關的醫療服務（家庭法§ 6926）
A minor 12 years of age or older who may have come into contact with a sexually transmitted disease may consent to medical care related to the diagnosis or treatment of the disease. A minor who is 12 years of age or older may also consent to medical care related to the prevention of a sexually transmitted disease. (Fam. Code § 6926).

2.2.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

不經未成年人的同意，醫療保健提供者不得通知其家長或法定監護人。提供者隻能在未成年人簽名的授權後向他們披露未成年人的醫療信息。（健康和安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); 民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).

2.3 艾滋病（預防措施，測試，診斷和治療）
AIDS/HIV (PREVENTIVECARE, TESTING, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT)

2.3.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

已滿12歲的未成年人有能力對艾滋病檢測提供書麵同意。（加州健康與安全法 §121020）。已滿12歲的未成年人可以同意接受預防，診斷和治療HIV / AIDS有關的醫療服務。（民法§6926）。當前可用的服務包括暴露前和暴露後的預防藥物，以預防HIV感染（PrEP和PEP）。
A minor 12 and older is competent to give written consent for an HIV test. (Cal. Health and Safety Code § 121020). A minor 12 and older may consent to medical care related to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS. (Fam. Code § 6926). Services currently available include pre- and postexposure prophylaxis medication to prevent HIV infection (PrEP and PEP).

2.3.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

未經未成年人的同意，醫療保健提供者不得通知其家長或法定監護人。提供者隻能在未成年人簽名的授權下向他們披露未成年人的醫療信息。（健康與安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); 民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a),123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).

2.4 已滿12歲未成年被強奸的相關救治服務
RAPE SERVICES FOR MINORS 12 and OVER

2.4.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

“聲稱被強奸的已滿12歲的未成年人可以同意接受與病情診斷或治療有關的醫療護理，並就被指控的強奸行為收集醫學證據。（家庭法§ 6927）
“A minor who is 12 years of age or older and who is alleged to have been raped may consent to medical care related to the diagnosis or treatment of the condition and the collection of medical evidence with regard to the alleged rape.” (Fam. Code § 6927).

2.4.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

未經未成年人的同意，醫療保健提供者不得通知其家長或法定監護人。提供者隻能在未成年人簽名的授權下向他們披露未成年人的醫療信息。（健康與安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); 民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).

根據加州法律，對未成年人的強奸被視為虐待兒童，包括醫療健康提供者在內的授權吹哨人必須舉報此類行徑。提供者不能在未經青少年批準的情況下向其家長透露他們已提交此報告。但是，應告知青少年患者，調查該報告的虐待兒童相關機構可能會向其家長披露該舉報。（刑法§§ 11165.1, 11165.6, 11166, 11167）
Rape of a minor is considered child abuse under California law and mandated reporters, including health care providers, must report it as such. Providers cannot disclose to parents that they have made this report without the adolescent’s authorization.However, adolescent patients should be advised that the child abuse authorities investigating the report may disclose to parents that a report was made. (See Pen. Code §§ 11165.1, 11165.6, 11166, 11167.)

2.5 親密伴侶暴力*
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE*

*僅出於未成年人同意的醫療保健目的 “親密伴侶暴力”就意味著故意或不顧後果地造成人身傷害，由與該未成年人保持性關係，約會或配偶關係的人所實施的。如果未成年人因強奸或性侵犯而尋求服務，未成年人同意的救治服務應受相關“性侵犯”或“強奸”同意法律約束，而不是本法。（家庭法§6930(b)）
*For the purposes of minor consent health care alone, “’intimate partner violence’ means an intentional or reckless infliction of bodily harm that is perpetrated by a person with whom the minor has or has had a sexual, dating, or spousal relationship.” If the minor is seeking services as a result of a rape or sexual assault, minor consent services should be provided under the “sexual assault” or “rape” minor consent laws rather than this law. (Fam. Code §6930(b)).

2.5.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

“未滿12歲且聲稱由於親密伴侶的暴力行為而受傷的未成年人，可以同意接受與傷口的診斷或治療有關的醫療護理，並同意收集有關親密伴侶暴力所致醫療證據。”（家庭法§ 6930）
“A minor who is 12 years of age or older and who states he or she is injured as a result of intimate partner violence may consent to medical care related to the diagnosis or treatment of the injury and the collection of medical evidence with regard to the alleged intimate partner violence.” (Fam. Code § 6930).

2.5.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

多數情況下，未成年人親密伴侶暴力將被視為符合虐待兒童舉報條件，包括醫療健康提供者在內的授權吹哨人必須舉報此類行徑。（刑法§§ 11165.6, 11166, 11167）
In most cases, intimate partner violence as defined in this statute will meet the definition of child abuse for reporting purposes and mandated reporters must report it as such. (Pen. Code §§ 11165.6, 11166, 11167.).

未經未成年人的同意，醫療保健提供者不得通知其家長或法定監護人。提供者隻能在未成年人簽名的授權下向他們披露未成年人的醫療信息。（健康與安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); 民法§§ 56.10, 56.11）
In those cases, the health care provider is not permitted to disclose information to a parent or legal guardian without the minor’s authorization. The provider can only share that information with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).

如果不需要舉報虐待兒童的情況（例如，傷害是由“未成年人之間的相互騷擾”引起的），則可以按《刑法》第11160條（槍支，攻擊性或虐待性行為造成的傷害）的情況報告。
In cases where a child abuse report is not required (e.g., where the injury was caused by a “mutual affray between minors”), a report under Penal Code 11160 (injuries caused by firearms or assaultive or abusive conduct) may be mandated.

如果根據《刑法》第11160條進行了報告，則健康提供者應執行以下兩項操作：1）告知未成年人將作出報告，並且
2）嚐試與未成年人的家長或監護人聯係，並將此報告告知他們。醫務人員應在未成年人的治療記錄中注明嚐試與其家長或監護人聯係的日期和時間，以及嚐試是否成功。如果醫療人員合理地認為未成年人的其家長或監護人造成了槍傷或可疑傷害，則此通知要求不適用。（家庭法 § 6930(c)).）
If a report under Penal Code 11160 is made, the health provider shall do both of the following:
1) inform the minor that the report will be made, and
2) attempt to contact the minor’s parent or guardian and inform them of the report. The health practitioner shall note in the minor’s treatment record the date and time of the attempt to contact the parent or guardian, and whether the attempt was successful or unsuccessful. This notification requirement does not apply if the health practitioner reasonably believes that the minor’s parent or guardian inflicted the gunshot or suspicious injury. (Fam. Code § 6930(c)).

注意：當看起來好像可以根據虐待兒童舉報法或刑第 11160條舉報傷害時，舉報人必須將其按虐待兒童舉報法規執行，而不是刑法 第11160條。（刑法 第11162.7條）。提供者應與其法律顧問討論這些報告法律的適用以及交複影響。
Note: When an injury appears as if it could be reported under either child abuse reporting law or Penal Code 11160, the reporter must report it as child abuse rather than under Penal Code 11160. (Pen. Code § 11162.7.) Providers should discuss the application and intersection of these reporting laws with their legal counsel.

2.6 門診心理保健服務/庇護服務
OUTPATIENT MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES4/ SHELTER SERVICES

本節未授權未成年人未經其同意而接受住院精神病治療，抽搐治療，精神外科或精神藥物。
4 This section does not authorize a minor to receive inpatient psychiatric care, convulsive therapy, psychosurgery or psychotropic drugs on their own consent.

2.6.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

兩項法規賦予未成年人同意接受心理健康治療的權利。如果未成年人符合任一法規的標準，則未成年人可以同意接受其自己的治療。如果未成年人同時符合這兩個條件，則提供者可以決定適用哪個法規。它們之間有一些區別。有關這些差異的更多信息，請參見尾注**
Two statutes give minors the right to consent to mental health treatment. If a minor meets the criteria under either statute, the minor may consent to his or her own treatment. If the minor meets the criteria under both, the provider may decide which statute to apply. There are differences between them. See endnote ** for more on these differences:

家庭法§ 6924
“如果滿足以下兩個條件，則已滿12歲的未成年人可以同意接受門診病人的心理健康治療或谘詢，或同意寄宿庇護服務：
（1）主治醫生認為，未成年人心智已經足夠成熟，可以明智地參與門診服務或寄宿庇護服務。和
（2）該未成年人（A）如果沒有心理健康治療，谘詢或寄宿庇護服務，將對自己或他人造成嚴重的身體或精神傷害，或者（B）聲稱為亂倫或虐待兒童的受害者”
Family Code § 6924
“A minor who is 12 years of age or older may consent to mental health treatment or counseling on an outpatient basis or to residential shelter services, if both of the following requirements are satisfied:
(1) The minor, in the opinion of the attending professional person, is mature enough to participate intelligently in the outpatient services or residential shelter services. AND
(2) The minor (A) would present a danger of serious physical or mental harm to self or to others without the mental health treatment or counseling or residential shelter services, or (B) is the alleged victim of incest or child abuse.” (Fam. Code § 6924.)

健康與安全法§ 124260
“已滿12歲的未成年人可以同意參加[門診]心理健康治療或谘詢服務，如果在職專業人員認為該未成年人足夠成熟，可以明智地參加精神健康治療或谘詢服務。”
Health & Safety Code § 124260
“[A] minor who is 12 years of age or older may consent to [outpatient] mental health treatment or counseling services if, in the opinion of the attending professional person, the minor is mature enough to participate intelligently in the mental health treatment or counseling services.” (Health & Saf. Code § 124260.)

2.6.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

心理健康治療：
醫療保健提供者必須讓其家長或監護人參與未成年人的治療，除非醫療保健提供者認為這種參與是不適當的。此決定以及與其家長的任何聯係嚐試都必須記錄在未成年人的病曆中。（家庭法§ 6924; 45 C.F.R. 164.502(g)(3)(ii).)） 對於根據《健康與安全法》第124260條要求提供的服務，提供者在決定是否讓其家長參與之前必須征詢未成年人。
MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT:
The health care provider is required to involve a parent or guardian in the minor’s treatment unless the health care provider decides that such involvement is inappropriate. This decision and any attempts to contact parents must be documented in the minor’s record. (Fam. Code § 6924; 45 C.F.R. 164.502(g)(3)(ii).) For services provided under Health and Safety Code § 124260, providers must consult with the minor before deciding whether to involve parents. (Health & Saf. Code § 124260(a).)

盡管此例外允許提供者在適當的時候通知其家長並讓他們參與治療，但它沒有賦予提供者未經未成年人授權就向其家長披露病曆的權利。提供者隻能在未成年人簽名授權後才能向其家長披露未成年人的病曆。
（健康與安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1）；民法；§§ 56.10, 56.11, 56.30；福利和機構守則§ 5328。請參閱尾注（exc）)
While this exception allows providers to inform and involve parents in treatment when appropriate, it does not give providers a right to disclose medical records to parents without the minor’s authorization. The provider can only share the minor’s medical records with parents with a signed authorization from the minor.
(Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11, 56.30; Welf. & Inst. Code § 5328. See also endnote(EXC).)

庇護所：盡管未成年人可能同意服務，但庇護所必須根據未成年人所提供的信息盡最大努力將服務內容通知其家長/監護人。（家庭法§ 6924）
SHELTER: Although minor may consent to service, the shelter must use its best efforts based on information provided by the minor to notify parent/guardian of the provision of services. (Fam. Code § 6924.)

2.7 藥物或酒精濫用治療
DRUG OR ALCOHOL ABUSE TREATMENT

•本節未授權未成年人在未經其家長或監護人同意的前提下，而接受替代麻醉品治療。
•在其家長或監護人同意進行治療的情況下，本節未授予未成年人拒絕就藥物或酒精相關問題進行醫療和谘詢的權利。（家庭法 第6929（f）條）。
•家庭法第§6929(a)(2)條定義了“毒品或酒精”和“谘詢”一詞
• This section does not authorize a minor to receive replacement narcotic abuse treatment without the consent of the minor’s parent or guardian.
• This section does not grant a minor the right to refuse medical care and counseling for a drug or alcohol related problem when the minor’s parent or guardian consents for that treatment. (Fam. Code § 6929(f)).
• The terms “drug or alcohol” and “counseling” are defined in Fam. Code § 6929(a)(2).

2.7.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

已滿12歲的未成年人可以同意就有關毒品或酒精相關問題的診斷和治療進行醫療護理和谘詢。（家庭法§6929(b)）
“A minor who is 12 years of age or older may consent to medical care and counseling relating to the diagnosis and treatment of a drug or alcohol related problem.” (Fam. Code §6929(b)).

2.7.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

聯邦和州法律有著不同的保密規則。符合以下“聯邦”中列出的條件的提供者必須遵守聯邦法規。不符合這些條件的提供者則需要遵守州法律。
聯邦：聯邦保密法適用於符合以下兩個條件的任何個人，項目或機構：
1.個人，項目或機構得到聯邦政府的協助。（聯邦協助是指全部或部分由聯邦政府的任何部門授權，認證，許可，支持或資助的。譬如：聯邦，州或地方計劃包括：免稅；接受可抵稅的捐款；接受任何聯邦政府的運作資金，無論是否直接用於防治藥物濫用計劃；或已在Medicare注冊）（聯邦政府第42號法規§2.12）
There are different confidentiality rules under federal and state law. Providers meeting the criteria listed under ‘federal’ below must follow the federal rule. Providers that don’t meet these criteria follow state law.
FEDERAL: Federal confidentiality law applies to any individual, program, or facility that meets the following two criteria:
1. The individual, program, or facility is federally assisted. (Federally assisted means authorized, certified, licensed, supported or funded in whole or in part by any department of the federal government. Examples include federal, state or local programs that are: tax exempt; receiving tax-deductible donations; receiving any federal operating funds whether used directly for the substance use disorder program or not; or registered with Medicare) (42 C.F.R. §2.12);

以及 2. 個人或項目：
1）認為自身維係，並提供了藥物使用障礙的診斷，治療或轉診治療的個人或實體（一般醫療機構除外）；或
2）普通醫療機構中已確定的單元，該單元維係並提供藥物使用障礙的診斷，治療或轉診治療；或
3）普通醫療機構中主要職能是提供物質使用失常的診斷，治療或轉診治療的醫務人員或其他人員，並被確定為提供者（聯邦政府第42號法規§2.11及§2.12）
AND
2. The individual or program is:
1) An individual or entity (other than a general medical facility) who holds itself out as providing, and provides, substance use disorder diagnosis, treatment, or referral for treatment; or
2) An identified unit within a general medical facility that holds itself out as providing, and provides, substance use disorder diagnosis, treatment, or referral for treatment; or
3) Medical personnel or other staff in a general medical facility whose primary function is the provision of substance use disorder diagnosis, treatment, or referral for treatment and who are identified as such providers. (42 C.F.R. §2.11; 42 C.F.R. §2.12).

對於符合這些條件的個人或項目，聯邦法律禁止在未得到未成年人書麵同意的情況下向其家長披露任何信息。但是，有一個例外，如果項目主管確定該未成年服務申請者 1）由於非常年幼，極端的精神或身體狀況而無法做出理性決定是否同意接受某項服務的能力，則允許將相關事實傳達給家長。及  2）對未成年人或他人的生命或身體健康構成重大威脅，向其家長披露相關事實可以減輕這種威脅。（聯邦政府第42號法規§2.14）
For individuals or programs meeting these criteria, federal law prohibits disclosing any information to parents without a minor’s written consent. There is an exception, however, permitting the communication of relevant facts to the parents if the program director determines that a minor applicant for services 1) lacks capacity because of extreme youth or mental or physical condition to make a rational decision whether to consent to a disclosure to the parents AND 2) there is a substantial threat to the life or physical well-being of the minor applicant or another individual, and the disclosure of relevant facts to the parents may reduce that threat. (42 C.F.R. §2.14).

州法規：如上所述，針對家庭法 第6924條提供的“門診心理健康服務”的相對應保密規則。(家庭法§ 6924) 請參閱尾注（exc）
STATE RULE: Parallels confidentiality rule for “Outpatient Mental Health Services” provided under Family Code 6924, as described above. (Fam. Code §6929(c).) See also exception at endnote (EXC).

3. 已滿15歲的未成年人
MINORS 15 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER

3.1 通用醫療保險
GENERAL MEDICAL CARE

3.1.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

“如果滿足以下所有條件，則未成年人可以同意接受未成年人的醫療或牙科護理：（1）未成年人年齡已滿15歲。
（2）未成年人與其家長或監護人分開居住，無論是否經過其家長或監護人的同意，並且與單獨居住的時長無關。
（3）無論未成年人的收入來源如何，都在管理自身的收入。”
（家庭法 § 6922(a).）
“A minor may consent to the minor’s medical care or dental care if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) The minor is 15 years of age or older.
(2) The minor is living separate and apart from the minor’s parents or guardian, whether with or without the consent of a parent or guardian and regardless of the duration of the separate residence.
(3) The minor is managing the minor’s own financial affairs, regardless of the source of the minor’s income.”
(Fam. Code § 6922(a).)

3.1.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

“如果未成年人患者同意，醫師和外科醫生或牙醫可根據未成年人所提供的信息和監護人所在之處，向其家長或監護人告知所給予的或將需要的治療。”（家庭法§ 6922(c)。請參閱尾注（exc））
“A physician and surgeon or dentist may, with or without the consent of the minor patient, advise the minor’s parent or guardian of the treatment given or needed if the physician and surgeon or dentist has reason to know, on the basis of the information given by the minor, the whereabouts of the parent or guardian.” (Fam. Code § 6922(c). See also exception at endnote (EXC)).

4. 已滿14歲的獨立生活的未成年人
MINOR MUST BE EMANCIPATED (GENERALLY 14 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER)

4.1 通用醫療
獨立生活的未成年人
GENERAL MEDICAL CARE for EMANCIPATED YOUTH

4.1.1 法規、細則
LAW/DETAILS

獨立生活的未成年人可以同意接受醫療牙科或心理治療。
（家庭法§ 7050(e)。關於“獨立生活”的定義解析可以參見 家庭法§ 7002）
An emancipated minor may consent to medical, dental and psychiatric care. (Fam. Code § 7050(e). See Fam. Code § 7002 for emancipation criteria.)

4.1.2 醫療提供者是否 可以/必須 通知其家長該醫治或披露相關醫療信息？
MAY/MUST THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER INFORM A PARENT ABOUT THIS CARE OR DISCLOSE RELATED MEDICAL INFORMATION TO THEM?

未經未成年人同意，醫療保健提供者不得通知其家長或法定監護人。提供者隻能在未成年人簽名的授權下向他們披露未成年人的醫療信息。
（健康與安全法§§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1）；民法；§§ 56.10, 56.11)
The health care provider is not permitted to inform a parent or legal guardian without minor’s consent. The provider can only share the minor’s medical information with them with a signed authorization from the minor. (Health & Saf. Code §§ 123110(a), 123115(a)(1); Civ. Code §§ 56.10, 56.11).

---

如果標明出處，則可以複製此圖表以供個人使用。

This chart may be reproduced for individual use if accompanied by an acknowledgement.

*保密和同意法律法規有許多。不同的規則適用於不同的情形。本圖表說明了未成年人與其家長或監護人同住時適用的規則。它未解決未成年人在法院司法體係下或處於其他特殊生活狀況時所適用的規則。此外，機密性部分重點關注家長和提供者的權限。它沒有解釋其他人或機構何時有權獲取機密信息的問題。此圖表僅提供法律信息，而並非法律建議。提供者應與他們自己的法律顧問探討相關法律建議。

* There are many confidentiality and consent rules. Different rules apply in different contexts. This chart addresses the rules that apply when minors live with their parents or guardians. It does not address the rules that apply when minors are under court jurisdiction or in other special living situations. Further, the confidentiality section focuses on parent and provider access. It does not address when other people or agencies may have a right to access otherwise confidential information. This chart provides legal information, not advice. Providers are encouraged to speak to their own legal counsel for advice on application of these laws.

**除了資格標準略有不同外，《健康與安全法》第124260條和《家庭法》第6924條也有一些細微差別。例如，兩項法律均允許“專業人士”提供未成年人同意服務，但兩項法律對“專業人士”的定義有所不同。另外，有一項資金限製適用於健康和安全法規§124260，但不適用於家庭法規§6924。（參閱家庭法§ 6924，健康與安全法§124260和福利和機構守則§14029；獲取更多信息請參閱www.teenhealthlaw.org）

** In addition to having slightly different eligibility criteria, there are other small differences between Health and Safety Code §124260 and Family Code § 6924. For example, the two laws both allow “professional persons” to deliver minor consent services but the two laws define “professional person” differently. Also, there is a funding restriction that applies to Health and Safety Code §124260 but not to Family Code § 6924. (See Fam. Code § 6924, Health & Saf. Code § 124260 and Welf. & Inst. Code §14029.8 and look for more information on www.teenhealthlaw.org.).

EXC: 如果醫療保健提供者確定“對提供者與未成年人患者的專業關係或未成年人的身體安全或心理健康的影響，對[其家長或監護人]要求查詢的患者信息，則提供者可以拒絕向未成年人家長提供病曆，雖然通常情況下其家長有權獲得這些信息。”健康與安全法§123115(a)(2)。對所作出獲取未成年人記錄有關的任何誠信決定，提供者不承擔負責。同上。

EXC: Providers may refuse to provide parents access to a minor’s medical records, where a parent normally has a right to them, if “the health care provider determines that access to the patient records requested by the [parent or guardian] would have a detrimental effect on the provider’s professional relationship with the minor patient or the minor’s physical safety or psychological well-being.” Health & Saf. Code § 123115(a)(2). A provider shall not be liable for any good faith decisions concerning access to a minor’s records. Id.

Reference:

https://www.altamed.org/sites/default/files/2019CaMinorConsentConfChartFull.pdf