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留美學生與中美稅務條約(續)

(2008-02-11 13:11:00) 下一個
索引:1) 1042-S


留美學生與中美稅務條約(續)
- pjiang -


前文在此


關於 Treaty 20(b) 和 20(c),相信不少同學已經做過了研究,或者一直就是按 $5,000 來免稅的。故而有同學首鼠兩端,從心底裏是想全退稅,卻又懷疑其可行性。

首先,我們先來看看大使館的這封信。這封信有法律效果嗎?答案是顯然的。IRS 甚至可以把信一推了之,用耳詳能熟的詞,是說中國"幹涉內政"。
再仔細讀讀這封信,稱是根據 IRS 的 "explanation",TA/RA 適用 Treaty 20(b) 而不是限額 $5,000 的 20(c). IRS 的解釋在哪裏,是怎麽說的,語焉不詳。

但是,這封信附過去能起作用嗎?答案是肯定的,要不老師也不會在此推而廣之。
然而,你若要老師打包票,似乎是強人所難。倘若本人是 IRS 的 頭兒,那倒是可以拍拍胸脯的。
Treaty 的解釋權,在 IRS. 它說 20(b) 就 20(b),它說 20(c) 就是 20(c).

當初,得到這封信的時候,並不是填稅表的季節。於是,等到來年初,早早地把稅表寄出去了。心裏核計,即使被打了回來,重填稅表也不耽誤 4 月 15 號的截止日期。
在截止日期之前,退稅的全額被打進了銀行的戶頭。
後麵的就好辦了,過去的每年填份 1040X,還有上麵的大使館函,加上附言:
    IRS
    Philadelphia, PA 19255

    Re: SSN# 123-45-6789 Tax Return for Year 1999

    Dear Madam/Sir:

    I am writing you in reference to my tax return for above year under social security number 123-45-6789.

    On the date of my arrival in the United States, I was a resident of the People's Republic of China. Being an international student here in America, I am present for the sole purpose of education. I am not a US citizen, nor have I been accorded the privilege of residing permanently as an immigrant.

    My scholarship received from the institute is tax exempted, according to Tax Treaty 20(b), between the United States and the People's Republic of China. My previous tax return for above year, however, was applied Tax Treaty 20(c) incorrectly. Such mistake was revealed on a conference held by Education Section of Chinese Embassy.

    Please find my corrected 1040NR-EZ for above year, with associated 1040X. For your reference, I also enclosed a letter from Chinese Embassy, in regard to the issue. Your reviewing of my tax return is highly appreciated.

    Thank you.

    Sincerely,
    P Jiang
    Encl.
這回拖得久,退稅支票直到十月份才收到(退稅報告是五月份寄出的)。除了稅額全退,還多了利息。一分一厘列的清清楚楚,在與支票分開的單獨的一封信裏。

以後就更好辦了,稅表上都列明去年 "Scholarship/Fellowship grant exempt from tax under Tax Treaty article 20(b) between USA and PRC",今年也不例外。

有網友說,如果被 IRS 抽查 (audit) 到了,就不行。
也許吧,屬個人的經驗。
如果本人也有這麽一回體驗,那本文是斷斷不會有今天的。

有同學問 $5,000 的表格是什麽?
--1042-S.(引用 Treaty 20(c) 並不需要該表格。引用 Treaty 不需要附任何表格)

有同學問,學校給了 $5,000 的表格,就不能用 20(b) 了?
--本人經曆與此想悖。

有同學問,退以前的稅,最多可以追溯到前幾年?
--抱歉,沒做 homework.

有同學說,因為退稅,會影響 Social Security 的 credit.
--1) F-1 是不交 Social Security 的,還有 Medicare;
  2) 如果被扣掉了,這裏的退稅是不能把 Social Security 退回來的;
  3) 要想退回 Social Security,必須通過雇主的 Payroll.


至於有人說老師"誤導!"恕不接受,還是完壁歸趙吧。
--雖然是在本人的一畝三分地中,還是先不煽你。下回發言,先請證明"這個大使館的文件早在上世紀90年代中就廢止了"一說。否則,哪兒涼快哪邊呆著去。倘若再不遜,留心一巴掌讓你去你姥姥家找牙。

這裏有沒有賓州的同學?
-費城的?
-UPenn 或 Temple 的?
這兩校的同學應該對這封信不陌生吧。

Anyway, 讀了本文的網友,在今年進行了退稅的嚐試之後,請有空的時候過來冒個泡。退了也好,拒了也好,請言語一聲。先謝謝了。

鑒於大家的反應,特在此聲明:本人僅負文責(一撇一捺均不敢妄言),然後果不敢承包是也。

同學們如果受益於此文,老師有一個小小的請求。
等你的稅免了,或是以前的稅退回來了,能否考慮送一點點給他們?老師在這裏先謝過了。
如果你手頭有點緊,就算了。要是能抽出時間去當地的 Animal Shelter 幫一把,也不錯。You will be appreciated.




Last Rvsd 2/11/08 (1)
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評論
KennyD 回複 悄悄話 http://www.irs.gov/publications/p519/ch03.html#d0e3058

More quotes:
"You cannot exclude from income the portion of any scholarship, fellowship, or tuition reduction that represents payment for teaching, research, or other services. This is true even if all candidates for a degree are required to perform the services as a condition for receiving the degree."
kennyd 回複 悄悄話 http://www.irs.gov/publications/p519/ch03.html#d0e3058

Quote:

"Example.

On January 7, Maria Gomez is notified of a scholarship of $2,500 for the spring semester. As a condition for receiving the scholarship, Maria must serve as a part-time teaching assistant. Of the $2,500 scholarship, $1,000 represents payment for her services. Assuming that Maria meets all other conditions, she can exclude no more than $1,500 from income as a qualified scholarship."

With all due respect, a letter from an Chinese official, in my opinion, has no effect what-so-ever on how IRS interpretes it rules. From my perspective, the cover letter attached with your 1040X forms only made the IRS clerk who processed your tax return think you received all your income as scholarship. It does not necessarily mean he/she endorses TA/RA income as scholarship.
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