英語高級聽力 05 課 （譯文及圖片）

Lesson Five
 
Section One: News in Brief

  1. The House began debate today on a three-year bill to combat trafficking and use of illegal drugs. The measure has the support of most representatives and House Speaker Thomas O'Neill says he expects it to pass by tomorrow. Among other things, the bill would increase penalties for violators, provide money to increase drug enforcement and coast guard personnel, and require drug producing countries to establish eradication programs as a condition of US support for development loans.
  2. A cultural exchange between the US and the Soviet Union may face an American boycott unless US News and World Report correspondent, Nicholas Daniloff, is freed from a Moscow jail. An American style town meeting is scheduled to take place in Latvia next week, but the two hundred seventy Americans due to take part say they won't go if Daniloff remains in jail. They add the decision is a personal one and is not being made by the Reagan Administration in retaliation for the Daniloff detention.
  3. Egyptian and Israeli negotiators have reached agreement on resolving the Taba border dispute, clearing the way for a summit between the two countries to begin tomorrow. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres will meet in Alexandria. Details of the Taba agreement have not been made available.

第一節 簡明新聞
1. 眾議院今天開始辯論一項3年期的法案，以打擊非法販運和使用毒品。這項措施已獲得大多數眾議員的支持，眾議院議長托馬斯奧尼爾說，他希望它明天就會被通過。除此以外，該法案將提高對違法者的刑罰，提供資金以增加禁毒執法和海岸警衛隊人員，並要求毒品生產國建立根除計劃以作為接受美國援助發展貸款的條件。
2. 一項美蘇間文化交流活動可能麵臨美國的抵製，除非《美國新聞與世界報道》的記者，尼古拉達尼洛夫從莫斯科的監獄獲釋。一個美國風格的城市會議定於下周在拉脫維亞舉行，但是270的美國參加者說，如果丹尼洛夫仍然關在監獄裏的話，他們就不會去。他們補充說這是個人的決定，而不是裏根政府對丹尼洛夫被拘留（事件）做出的報複。
3. 埃及和以色列的談判代表已達成旨在解決塔巴邊界爭端的協議，掃清了明天開始的兩國首腦會議的道路。埃及總統候賽因穆巴拉克和以色列總理西莫爾佩雷斯將在亞曆山大會晤。塔巴協議的細節尚未透露。

House Speaker Thomas O'Neill(1912-1994)

Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres

Section Two: News in Detail

    The United States House of Representatives is debating an omnibus drug bill and expects to pass the measure tomorrow. Though the bill has attracted strong, bipartisan support, NPR's Cokey Roberts reports the debate on the issue points up the differences between political parties. 
    When Congress returned from the Fourth of July recess, House Speaker Tip O'Neill said there was only one thing members were talking about in the cloak-room: drugs. The Democrats quickly pulled together chairmen from twelve different committees to draft a drug package. Then, stung by criticism that they were acting in a partisan fashion, the Democratic leaders invited the Republicans to join them in the newly declared war on drugs. So, when the bill came to the House floor today, the party leaders led off debate. Texas Democrat Jim Wright. 'It's time to declare an all-out war, to mobilize our forces, public and private, national and local, in a total coordinated assault upon this menace, which is draining our economy of some two hundred and thirty billion dollars this year, slowly rotting away the fabric of our society, seducing and killing our young. That it will take money is hardly debatable. We can't fight artillery with spitballs."
    The question of just how much money this measure will cost has not been answered to the satisfaction of all members. Democrats say it's one and half billion dollars over three years, with almost seven hundred thousand for next year. Republicans claim the price tag will run higher and are trying to emphasize other aspects of the drug battle, aspects which they think play better in Republican campaigns. Minority leader Robert Michel. 'The ultimate cure for the drug epidemic must come from within the heart of each individual faced with the temptation of taking drugs. It is ultimately a problem of character, of will power, of family and community, and concern, and personal pride."
    Among other items, the bill before the House increases penalties for most drug related crimes, sets the minimum jail term of twenty years for drug trafficking and manufacturing, authorizes money for the drug enforcement administration and prison construction, beefs up the ability of the coast guard and customs service to stop drugs coming into this country, and creates programs for drug education. The various sections of the measure give House members ample opportunity to speak on an issue where they want their voices heard. Maryland Democratic Barbara McCulsky was nominated for the Senate yesterday. Today, she spoke to the part of the bill which funds drug eradication programs in foreign countries. "When we fought yellow fever, we didn't go at it one mosquito at a time. We went right to the swamp. That's what the Foreign Affairs section of this legislation will do. It will go to the swamps, or where cocaine is either grown, refined, or manufactured."
    Republican Henson Moore is running for the Senate in Louisiana. He spoke to the part of the drug bill which changes the trade laws for countries which deal in drugs.   
    'We're moving to stop something; it's absolutely idiotic. It needs to be stopped: this situation of where a country can sell legally to us on the one hand and illegally to us under the table, selling drugs in this country poisoning our young people and our population."

第二節 詳細新聞 美國《反毒品法案》得到參眾兩院支持

    美國眾議院正在辯論一項綜合《反毒品法案》，並希望明天能通過這一措施。雖然該法案已引起強烈的反響，兩黨均表示支持。全國公共廣播電台的柯奇羅伯茨報道有關兩黨間分歧點的辯論情況。
    當國會於7月4日的休會後重開之時，眾議院議長蒂普奧尼爾說，在衣帽間裏，議員們隻談論一件事：毒品。民主黨人齊心合力迅速促成12個不同的委員會的主席起草了反毒品的一攬子草案。然後，他們采取了受到嚴厲批評的政黨行事方式，民主黨領導人邀請共和黨人參加新一輪向毒品的宣戰。因此，當該法案今天開始在眾議院開始審議時，黨派的領導人提出不進行辯論。德克薩斯州的民主黨議員吉姆賴特說。“現在是宣布全麵戰爭，動員我們的力量，公眾的和個人的，國家的和地方的，全麵協調進攻這種會威脅的時候了，它正在消耗著我們的整個經濟，今年可達到2300億美元，緩慢地腐蝕我們的社會結構，引誘和殺戮我們的年輕人。這（場緝毒戰爭）將耗費金錢是無可爭辯的。我們不能用大炮發射彈球。”
    至於這項提案會耗費多少金錢的問題，所有的成員還沒有得到滿意的答案。民主黨人說，三年間要花費15億美元，附帶明年的七十萬。共和黨人聲稱標價更高，而且正試圖加強在其它方麵的緝毒鬥爭，那些他們認為有利於共和黨選戰的其他方麵。少數黨領袖羅伯特米歇爾說。“為徹底根治毒品蔓延，必須從使每個人從內心裏麵對毒品的誘惑。問題的性質最終在於家庭和社區意誌力，以及關心和個人自豪感。”
    包括其他項目在內，該法案在眾議院增加了許多與毒品有關的罪行的刑罰，對販毒和製毒罪行設置了最低20年的刑期，授權撥款給美國緝毒署和監獄建設，加強海岸警衛隊和海關執法能力以阻止毒品進入這個國家，同時建立毒品教育計劃。這項提案的各個章節給予眾議院議員充足的機會，就一個問題發言，他們希望他們的聲音能夠被聽到。馬裏蘭州民主黨芭芭拉麥克羅斯基昨天被提名到參議院。今天，她談到了法案中在資助外國的根除毒品的計劃的部分時說。“當我們對抗黃熱病時，我們沒有一次一個蚊子那樣地打。我們應該去沼澤。這就是這項立法的外事部分。它將前往沼澤，去可卡因種植，提煉或製造的地方。”
    共和黨漢森摩爾在路易斯安那州的參議院。他談到了反毒品法案正在變成對交易毒品的國家的貿易法律的一部分。
   “我們正在采取行動阻止一些事情，它是絕對愚蠢的。它需要停下來：這種情況可以使有的國家可以一方麵合法地賣給我們，另一方麵背著我們賣就是非法的，在這個國家出售毒品毒害我們的青年人和我們的人民。”

Section Three: Special Report

    Today in China, in Nanjing, balloons, firecrackers and lion dancers mark the dedication of the Johns Hopkins University-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies. For the first time since World War II, Chinese and American students will attend a graduate institution in China that is administered jointly by academic organizations that are worlds apart figuratively and literally. NPR's Susan Stanberg reports.
     Cross-cultural encounters can be extremely enriching; cross cultural encounters can be utterly absurd.
    “Let's see. That would be eighty-seven. So, ba-shi-qi-nian-qian,... let's see, ... equal ... proposition equal”
    Here's what that American was trying to say in Chinese.
    "Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation ... a new nation conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.“
    Now you don't have to be dealing with classic American oratory to run into problems. In, planning for the Center for Chinese and American Studies, there was much debate as to whether the new auditorium on the Nanjing campus should have a flat or sloped floor.
    If the floor were flat, the auditorium could be used for dances, for parties, but a sloped floor would be better for listening, for viewing films and slides.
    The argument finally won out that for practical reasons a flat floor- would be best because it ... it really would make it a multi-purpose room. You wouldn't have to fix the furniture.
    Steven* Muller is President of Johns Hopkins University, the US end of this Sino-American joint venture in learning.
    "So, a flat floor was built. Only the Chinese in building it finally ended up with a flat floor but at two different levels, one higher than the other. So, if you want to use it for dances, you either have to have very short women with very tall men or vice versa. "
    Twenty-four Americans, and thirty-six Chinese of mixed heights are the first students at the Hopkins-Nanjing Center. Nanjing used to be Nanking, by the way, back in the days when Beijing was Peking. The Americans will take classes in Chinese history, economics, trade, politics, all from Chinese faculty. The Chinese will study the US with American university professors.  Johns Hopkins President Steven* Muller says this is advanced study work. All the Chinese students are proficient in English; all the Americans have master's degrees plus fluency in Chinese.
    "The twenty-four Americans come from about eighteen colleges and universities. No one institution in this country produces that many people of this character; so that's a beginning. Nanjing is not the place, the Center is not the place to go, if you want a doctor in Chinese history or Chinese language or Chinese literature or Whatever. This is a pre-professional program."
    Which means the men and women who spend the year at the Nanjing Center will end up as diplomats or business people in one another's country.
    “Our hope is that the Americans, to speak about those, who are going to be incidentally rooming with Chinese roommates, which is a very interesting thing the Chinese agree to, that the Americans will not only bring a year of living in China, a year of having studied with Chinese faculty and hearing the Chinese view of Chinese foreign policy in economics and, so on, that they will also have the kind of friends among Chinese roughly their age who are going to be dealing with the United States. That will slowly, over the years, create a real network, if you will, of people who, because they've had this common experience, can deal with each other very easily and, you know, be kind of a rallying point - an old boy, old girl network, as it were.”
Hopkins President Muller admits that a simple exchange program - Chinese students coming to the US, and American students going to China - would involve far fewer headaches than running jointly an academic institution on foreign soil. Plus the success of the Hopkins-Nanjing Center depends on undependable, like continuing sweet Sino-American relations and being able to attract funding. And there's this wrinkle.'
"Some of the people who will study there, without any question, will probably come from or afterwards enter the intelligence community. That it's really desirable that people who do that have that kind of background. We're very honest about that, but it's so easy to denounce the whole thing as an espionage center, or something. You know, there's a lot of fragility in this thing. "
Steven* Muller is President of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. The Hopkins-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies was dedicated today in China. I'm Susan Stanberg.

第三節 特別報道 訪問巴爾弟摩約翰霍普金斯大學校長史蒂夫穆勒——霍普金-斯南京大學中美研究中心落成典禮

    今天在中國的南京，氣球，煙花和獅子舞來慶祝約翰霍普金斯大學-南京大學中美研究中心落成典禮。這是自第二次世界大戰後，第一次中國和美國的學生參加由大學參與管理的在中國研究生學院，具有迥然不同的世界的比喻和字麵。全國公共廣播電台的蘇姍史丹博格報道。
    跨文化的接觸可能是非常豐富的，跨文化的接觸可能是完全荒謬的。
   “讓我們看看。87年。是這樣，ba-shi-qi-nian-qian，...讓我們看看，...對等的...意思對等的。”
    以下是，美國人試圖用中文說。
    “87年前，我們祖先來到了這個大陸上建立了一個新的國家...一個新的自由國家的構思，主張致力於人人都是平等。”
    現在你不必處理這篇經典的美國演講所碰到的問題。規劃中的中美文化研究中心，對南京校園新禮堂應該有一個平的或斜的地麵有許多爭論。
    如果地板是平的，禮堂可用於舞蹈，用於聚會，如果是傾斜的會更利於聆聽，看電影和幻燈片。
   “最後是平的地板最好，實用的理由贏得了這場爭論，因為它...它會成為一個多功能廳。你不能有固定的家具陳設。”
    史蒂夫穆勒是約翰斯霍普金斯大學校長，美國結束了這個中美合資企業的學習。
“所以，要建成平的地麵，隻有中國人最終把它建成平的地麵而不是再兩個不同的層麵上，一層高於另一層。所以，如果你想在那跳舞的話，你不得不要一個非常矮的女人和一個非常高的男人，反之亦然。”
    身高不等的24名美國人和36名中國人是霍普金斯－南京中心的第一批學生。南京原來叫南京（國語發音），另外，就像在以前北京叫北京（國語發音）一樣，美國人要上中國曆史，經濟，貿易，政治等課程，全是中國老師任教。中國人將要和美國教授一起研究美國。約翰斯霍普金斯大學校長史蒂夫穆勒說，這是高級研究課程。所有的中國學生都非常精通英文；所有的美國學生都具有碩士學位，外加精通中文。
    24位美國人來自18所學院和大學。在這個國家的大學，沒有一個能培養出許多具有這種特長的人。所以這隻是個開始。如果你希望培養一位中國曆史或中國語言或中國文學或其他什麽的博士，南京不是這種地方，這所中心也不是這種可以去的地方，這是個專業預備項目。
    這意味這在南京中心花上年載的時間學習的男生和女生們最終會在另一國家當外交官或商人。
    “我們希望美國人，是指那些會和中國室友同住在一起的，這是件非常有趣的事情，因為中國人隻同意美國人在中國生活一年，一年和中國老師學習和聽取中國的對外經濟政策的中國觀點等等，當然他們會有很友好的中國朋友，他們中年齡相仿的會和美國人打交道。如果你願意和某人建立真正的關係要用幾年時間，這會很慢。因為他們有這方麵的一般經驗，相互交往非常簡單，你知道這樣的共同點在於一個老男孩和老女孩的聯係，就是這樣。”
    霍普金斯校長穆勒承認這是個簡單的交流計劃——中國學生來美國，美國學生去中國——這將長期涉及比在外國土地上經營一個聯合學術機構更少的麻煩。加上成功的霍普金斯南京中心所依靠的其實並不可靠：比如持續甜蜜的中美關係，能夠吸引的基金，這些都有漣漪。
    “有些人想要在這裏進行研究，沒有問題，能從情報界中來或以後加入其中去，有這樣背景的人是非常可取的。我們對此非常坦白，但這些事非常容易被譴責為間諜中心或其他什麽事。你知道這事還有許多很薄弱的地方。”
史蒂夫穆勒是巴爾弟摩約翰霍普金斯大學校長，霍普金斯南京大學中美研究中心今天在中國落成。我是蘇珊斯坦伯格。

“How do you say ‘good luck’ in Chinese?”
“中國話‘祝你好運’怎麽說？”
“Don't know. I don't know Chinese.”
“不知道我不懂中文”
“You'd better learn.”
“你得好好學學！”
“That's a phrase I should know. Yes.”  
“那是句常用語，我應該知道，是的。”

位於南京的霍普金斯南京大學中美研究中心，建成於1986年

Steven Muller ，the 10th President of Johns Hopkins University

*原文有誤已更改——野鶴注