英語高級聽力 04 課 （譯文及圖片）

Lesson Four

 Section One: News in Brief

1. Another American has been kidnapped in West Beirut. Fifty-three-year-old Frank Reed was abducted by four gunmen this morning. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility, accusing Reed of being a spy. The pro-Iranian group already holds at least three other Americans and three Frenchmen. Reed is the Director of the Lebanese International School. He is a native of Malden, Massachusetts and has lived in Lebanon for eight years.

2. A federal jury in Brooklyn, New York today indicted a Soviet UN employee on charges of spying. Gennadi Zakharov is being held without bond, pending trial on the charges. John Kailish has more from New York. "The thirty-nine-year-old Soviet physicist worked at the UN Center for Science and Technology until August 23rd when he was arrested on a Queens Subway platform for allegedly buying military secrets from a college student. It turned out that the student worked for the FBI and was known by the code name 'Berg.' According to today's indictment, Zakharov agreed to pay Berg for information involving the national defense of the United States. Berg, in turn, agreed to work for the Soviet Union for a period of ten years. The two met a total of four times, from April 1983 to August of 1986. At their final meeting, Zakharov allegedly gave Berg a thousand dollars. Zakharov is currently being held in a federal jail in Manhattan. He faces life in prison if convicted on the espionage charges.'

3. The foreign editor of a news magazine recently banned in Chile has been found shot dead near a cemetery in Santiago. The family of Jose Carrasco says he was taken from his home by armed men who claimed to be police. Carrasco's magazine, Analisis, has been banned under the new state of siege imposed in Chile after an attempt this weekend to assassinate President Augusto Pinochet. Since the attempt, police have been rounding up opposition leaders although the deny the arrested Carrasco.

第一節 簡明新聞

1. 另一位美國人在西貝魯特已遭綁架。他是五十三歲的弗蘭克瑞德，今天上午被4名槍手綁架。伊斯蘭聖戰組織宣稱對此行為負責，並指責瑞德是間諜。親伊朗的集團已經扣有另外3名美國人和3個法國人。裏德是黎巴嫩國際學院院長。他是馬薩諸塞州馬爾登的居民，在黎巴嫩已經生活了8年。

2. 聯邦陪審團今天在紐約布魯克林決定對一名蘇聯的聯合國雇員提出間諜罪指控。根納季紮哈羅夫被關押不得保釋，等待聆訊。約翰凱裏施從紐約帶來更多消息說：“39歲的蘇聯物理學家在聯合國的科學和技術中心工作，直到8月23日他在皇後區地鐵站台因涉嫌從一個大學生那裏購買軍事機密而被捕。原來那學生是為聯邦調查局工作的，代號“伯格”。據今天發布的起訴書稱，紮哈羅夫同意付給“伯格”錢購買有關美國國防情報。“伯格”同意為蘇聯工作已為期10年。從1983年4月至1986年8月雙方共會見4次。在他們的最後一次會麵，紮哈羅夫涉嫌給了“伯格”1000美元。紮哈羅夫目前被關押在曼哈頓的聯邦監獄。如果間諜罪名成立他可能被判終身監禁。

3. 最近被智利查禁的新聞雜誌的一名外國編輯被發現在聖地亞哥附近的一個墓地裏被槍殺。何塞卡拉斯科的家人說，他被自稱是警察的武裝人員從家中帶走的。本周末發生了企圖暗殺總統奧古斯托皮諾切特的事件，智利實行新的戒嚴令後，卡拉斯科的雜誌《Analisis》亦被查禁。針對未遂刺殺事件，警方正在圍捕反對派領導人，但他們否認逮捕過卡拉斯科。

1986年10月在貝魯特被綁架的弗蘭克瑞德（回頭揮手者）於44個月之後的1990年5月獲釋

前蘇聯物理學家根納季紮哈羅夫

 

Section Two: News in Detail

 In Chile, the military government held a rally today- in support of President Augusto Pinochet, who escaped an assassination attempt two days ago. A crackdown on opponents of his government continued in response to that attack. A journalist for an opposition magazine was found dead. His family and colleagues charge he had been kidnapped yesterday by police. Tim Fosca reports now from Santiago.

Several thousand people gathered in front of La Moneda, the presidential palace, for a rally in support of General Augusto Pinochet this afternoon. Heavily armed soldiers were stationed along major downtown streets for the demonstration, which is celebrating the thirteenth anniversary this week of the military takeover. Hundreds of members of women's charity groups passed in review before General Pinochet and his wife Lucia. The head of state appeared physically unaffected by his close call Sunday when he narrowly escaped assassination. Hours before the rally, Jose Carrasco, a thirty-eight-year-old editor at the opposition magazine Analisis was found dead in a Santiago cemetery. He had been shot ten times. Carrasco's wife said he was roused from bed early Monday morning by men claiming to be police. But authorities officially denied his arrest. Carrasco, a member of MIR, the revolutionary left movement, had been back in Chile only two years after eight years in exile.

The bodies of at least two more murdered victims were also found today, but their identities have not yet been established. Arrests continued in the second day of the state of siege. More leftist political figures were rounded up, bringing the total number of detentions to twenty. The government has issued arrest orders for a number of others, some of whom are in hiding. On the list is at least one member of the Chilean Human Rights Commission. A spokesman said the homes of Commission members in the provincial city of San Fernando were also raided, but no members were at home. All opposition magazines were ordered closed yesterday, including the Christian democratic weekly, Hoy. Under the last state of siege in 1984 and 85, Hoy was allowed to continue publishing. The situation of five foreign priests and one local lay worker detained yesterday remains unresolved. The clergymen were accused of attacking police officers and carrying instructions on how to make home-made bombs. General Pinochet warned yesterday that human rights advocates would have to be expelled. For National Public Radio, this is Tim Fosca in Santiago.

第二節 詳細新聞 智利反對派記者被殺害

在智利，軍政府今天舉行集會，支持兩天前躲過一次刺殺企圖的總統奧古斯托皮諾切特。他的政府正持續進行著針對反對派的鎮壓行動已示對這一襲擊的報複。一名反對派雜誌的記者被發現遇害。他的家人和同事的指出，他是在昨天被警察綁架的。蒂姆福斯卡正在的聖地亞哥報道。

數千人今天下午聚集在拉莫內達總統府前集會支持皮諾切特將軍。全副武裝的士兵把守在市中心遊行隊伍通過的主要街道上，慶祝軍事管製在本周整整13周年。數百名通過審查的婦女慈善團體的成員，從皮諾切特將軍和他的妻子聖盧西亞麵前經過。國家元首表現出身體沒有受到影響，他身邊的人稱在星期天他在千鈞一發中逃過一次暗殺。在集會之前幾小時，何塞卡拉斯科，一個38歲的反對派雜誌《Analisis》的編輯被發現死在聖地亞哥的公墓裏。他被人打了10槍。卡拉斯科的妻子說，他在星期一的淩晨從床上被幾個自稱是警察的男子驚醒。但官方否認了他被逮捕。卡拉斯科，是左派革命運動的成員，結束8年的流亡回到智利僅僅兩年。

至少有兩名以上被謀殺的受害者屍體今天也發現，但他們的身份尚未確定。在戒嚴狀態的第二天開始的逮捕行動仍然在繼續。更多左派政治人物受到圍捕，被拘留的人數已達到20人。政府已經對相當數量的人發出了逮捕令，其中一些人已經藏匿起來了。名單上至少有一名智利人權委員會成員。一位發言人說，在省城聖費爾南多市，委員會成員的住房遭到搜查，但沒有任何成員在家。所有反對派雜誌昨天被勒令關閉，包括基督教民主周刊《霍伊》。在上一次1984年和85年間的戒嚴期間，《霍伊》是被允許繼續出版的。五個外國教士和一名當地律師昨天被拘留的事態仍然沒有解決。牧師被控襲警和攜帶如何製作土炸彈的說明書。皮諾切特將軍昨天警告說，人權倡導者必須被驅逐。全國公共廣播電台，這是蒂姆弗斯科在聖地亞哥報道。

1986年被殺害的反對派編輯何塞卡拉斯科

Former Chile President Augusto Pinochet( 1915 – 2006)

 Section Three: Special Report

 Fifty years ago, Henry Ford and his son Edsel, placed a modest amount of their vast wealth into a charitable foundation. That was the common practice then and is now for wealthy Americans. The once modest foundation has grown into the largest general purpose charitable organization in the world. The Ford Foundation has given away more than six billion dollars. Its money has touched every aspect of American life, touched the arts, science and even public radio. Warren Kozak has this report.

A symphony orchestra in the Midwest, an inner-city building project, Africa's chronic food shortages. These varied activities have one thing in common: all have received money from the Ford Foundation. Just off New York's

Forty-second Street

, in the shadow of the United Nations, a modern building with a huge glass wall serves as the world headquarters of the Ford Foundation. Besides giving away money, the Foundation has always attracted some of the country's best minds.

'Well, I should tell you that I do not join any organization, including Ford Foundation, unless it can satisfy two criteria.''

Former Secretary of Defense, World Bank President, and Ford Board member, Robert McNamara. 

“One, I insist that it be an organization I feel some capability of contributing to. And, secondly, I insist it be an organization that can contribute to me that can stimulate my interest, enlarge my understanding of the world. I should say that it has been, I think the most interesting association of my life.”

At the Foundation's headquarters, a staff of more than three hundred people studies data from all over the world, spots trends and writes recommendations. In the large board room, the directors argue the merits of individual requests and eventually decide who will get what part of the one hundred and twenty-five million dollars that goes out every year. If you think giving away that kind of money, is easy, you're wrong.

There is no question that today's Ford Foundation with a four and a half billion-dollar endowment is a force of its own. But it wasn't always that way. You see, back in 1936, there were just a few large foundations when Henry and Edsel started their small project. Their original contribution was only twenty-five thousand dollars and its main function was to help local charities in Michigan. Then in 1943, son Edsel died unexpectedly, followed four years later by his father. And the family lawyers had a huge problem on their hands. At the time of their deaths, the Ford Motor Company was not a public corporation. These two men owned most of the stock and, for tax reasons, a great deal of it had to be disposed of and quickly. 

There was only one logical recipient of the windfall. So, in the late forties, the sleepy Michigan charity became, almost overnight, the largest foundation in the world. The Third World development programs also continue to take a lot of heat from time to time. Millions of dollars have been poured into what seems to be a bottomless pit. Some problems have been solved only to find new ones taking their place. Robert McNamara defends Ford's involvement there. He thinks Foundations offer something that no one else is able to do, because without their research the government's foreign aid would be wasted. 

“It's insane to put as much money, invest as much money, per year with as inadequate an intellectual foundation of how to maximize the efficiency of those investments. And Africa is a perfect illustration of the problem. Tens of billions of dollars are being invested in Africa today. They need more. But, despite that investment, the GNP growth per capita in the countries of sub-Saharian Africa has been negative, on average, for a decade. The food production per, capita has been negative, per capita, for over a decade. Why? Who knows? Nobody knows. And governments are too large; they're too rigid; they're too inflexible; they're too sensitive, really, unable to move as rapidly, and in some ways, as radically as is necessary to find the answer to that question.”

This year the Ford Foundation will receive about nine thousand formal requests for money. All of the letters and forms will be looked at; some will be studied more closely; and about twelve hundred lucky projects will receive anywhere from a thousand dollars to several million to help them along the way. I'm Warren Kozak in Washington.

第三節 特別報道 福特基金會

50年前，亨利福特和他的兒子埃茲爾，從他們巨大財富中向慈善基金會投入了一筆善款。這是常見的做法和現在富裕的美國人無異。這一次善舉打造的基金會已經成為全世界最大的慈善機構。福特基金會已花出了超過60億美元。它的金錢已經觸及到每個美國人生活的各個方麵，涉及藝術，科學，甚至公共廣播電台。沃倫科紮克報告。

一個中西部地區的交響樂團，或是一個城市建設項目，非洲的長期糧食儲存計劃。這些不同的舉動都有一個共同點：他們都得到了福特基金會的錢。離開紐約42街，在聯合國大樓的影子底下，一個巨大的玻璃牆的現代建築就是福特基金會全球總部。包括花錢在內，該基金會一直吸引這全國最優秀的人才。

“好吧，我要告訴你，我不加入任何組織，包括福特基金會，除非它能夠滿足兩個標準。”

前國防部長，世界銀行總裁，福特董事會成員羅伯特麥克納馬拉如是說。

“第一，我堅持認為這是一個組織，我覺得有能力作出貢獻的。第二，我堅持這是一個組織能夠有助於我，可以引起我的興趣，擴大我對世界的理解。應該說它作到了，我覺得這是我一生中最有趣的交往。”

在該基金會的總部，超過300名的工作人員研究來自世界各地的數據，指出趨勢並寫出建議。在大型的董事室裏，董事認為個別請求而爭論並且最終決定誰會得到每年支出的1億2500萬美元的那個部分。如果以為花掉這些錢很簡單的話，那你就錯了。

毫無疑問，今天的福特基金會擁有著四個半億美元的捐贈就是它的實力。但它並非總是如此。你看，早在1936年時，亨利和埃茲爾開始了這項小計劃時，隻有幾個大基金會。起初他們的捐獻的隻有25000美元，其主要職能是幫助密歇根州當地的慈善機構。1943年，兒子埃茲爾突然死亡，隨後4年後由他的父親接掌。而家庭的律師們遇到很大的問題。在他們的死時，福特汽車公司不再是一個公共公司。這兩名男子所擁有的大多數的股份，由於稅收方麵的原因，大量的基金需要迅速處理。

隻有一個邏輯上的意外之財的收件人。在40年代後期，昏昏欲睡的密歇根州慈善機構，幾乎在一夜之間，成為世界上最大的基金會。第三世界的發展計劃年複一年地吸收著大量的熱量。成百萬美元似乎注入進一個無底洞。有些問題已經解決，隻不過是讓新人坐上新位子。羅伯特麥克納馬拉反對福特參與其中。他認為基金會提出的東西沒有人能夠做到，因為沒有經過他們的研究，政府的對外援助就是浪費。

“每年投入這樣多的錢卻缺乏一個如何最大限度地提高投資效率的智能基礎，就發放這麽多錢，投資這麽多錢簡直就是發瘋。非洲是這樣問題的一個極好的例子。今天數百億美元投資非洲。他們需要更多。但是，盡管有了這項投資，人均國民生產總值在下撒哈拉非洲國家十年間卻沒有增長，超過10年食物產出的人均值還是無，為什麽？誰知道？沒有人知道。政府過於龐大，他們太僵硬，他們太執著，他們過於敏感，真的，而且在某些方麵不能迅速作出調整，因為根本需要的是要找出問題的答案。 “

今年，福特基金會將收到大約9000件的正式請求。這些信件和表格都將予以研究，有的將進行更為深度的研究，約有1200幸運的項目將得到從一千元至數萬元美元以幫助他們走上前進的道路。我是沃倫科紮克在華盛頓報道。

Henry Ford(1863 – 1947) (R) talking with his son Edsel Ford(1893 –1943), in 1942

位於紐約，建於1967年的福特基金會總部大樓

 

Former Secretary of Defense, World Bank President, and Ford Board member, Robert McNamara (1916 – 2009)