中國在關鍵新興技術競爭中正超越美國
路透社 ｜2023-03-02
澳大利亞智庫：在44項關鍵技術領域研究上 中國有37項已超美國
一份最新報告顯示，中國研究人員在幾十項關鍵技術的研究中領先於美國同行。該報告認為，中國在一些科學探究領域占據主導地位，並且有能力在未來取得關鍵突破。
據路透社周四援引美國務院委托澳大利亞戰略政策研究所(Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 簡稱ASPI)調研的一份報告稱，ASPI追蹤調查的44項技術領域的研究方麵，包括國防、太空、機器人技術、能源、環境、生物技術、人工智能、先進材料和量子技術等多個領域，中國科學院有37項領先於美國。
“從長遠來看，中國領先的科研地位，意味著該國不僅會在幾乎所有領域的當前技術發展方麵表現出色，而且也會在尚不存在的未來技術方麵出類拔萃。”
調查數據顯示，盡管美國在一些領域遜色於中國，但是美國仍在高性能計算、量子計算、小衛星和疫苗研究等領域處於領先地位。
這家總部位於堪培拉、主要由澳大利亞政府資助的智庫表示，中國和美國在科研競賽中遙遙領先於其他國家。該報告認為，位列中美之後的印度和英國在大多數科研領域明顯落後，排在印度和英國之後的分別是韓國和德國。
此外，根據聯合國下屬機構世界知識產權組織(World Intellectual Property Organization)的數據，2011年，中國的年度專利申請數量首次超過了美國；2021年，中國全年專利申請數量達到158萬件，遠超美國的兩倍水平。
在這種趨勢下，還有一些證據表明國際學術界越來越認可中國研究的質量。根據日本政府資助的國家科學技術學術政策研究所(National Institute of Science and Technology Policy)去年發表的一項統計，2018年至2020年期間，在全球被引用次數排名前1%的科學論文中，中國研究論文的數量和占比超過了美國，為有史以來首次。
另據華爾街日報此前報道，2021年，有1400多名旅美華裔科學家放棄了在美國學術單位或企業的工作，選擇回到中國，原因之一就是考慮到中國在尖端研究方麵的實力不斷增強。
China leads US in global competition for key emerging technology, study says
SYDNEY, March 2 (Reuters) - China has a "stunning lead" in 37 out of 44 critical and emerging technologies as Western democracies lose a global competition for research output, a security think tank said on Thursday after tracking defence, space, energy and biotechnology.
The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) said its study showed that, in some fields, all of the world's top 10 research institutions are based in China.
The study, funded by the United States State Department, found the United States was often second-ranked, although it led global research in high-performance computing, quantum computing, small satellites and vaccines.
"Western democracies are losing the global technological competition, including the race for scientific and research breakthroughs," the report said, urging greater research investment by governments.
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China had established a "stunning lead in high-impact research" under government programs.
The report called for democratic nations to collaborate more often to create secure supply chains and "rapidly pursue a strategic critical technology step-up".
ASPI tracked the most-cited scientific papers, which it said are the most likely to result in patents. China's surprise breakthrough in hypersonic missiles in 2021 would have been identified earlier if China's strong research had been detected, it said.
"Over the past five years, China generated 48.49% of the world's high-impact research papers into advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and it hosts seven of the world's top 10 research institutions," it said.
In the fields of photonic sensors and quantum communication, China's research strength could result in it "going dark" to the surveillance of western intelligence, including the "Five Eyes" of Britain, United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, it said.
National talent flows of researchers were also tracked and monopoly risks were identified.
China was likely to emerge with a monopoly in 10 fields including synthetic biology, where it produces one-third of all research, as well as electric batteries, 5G, and nano manufacturing.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences, a government research body, ranked first or second in most of the 44 technologies tracked, which spanned defence, space, robotics, energy, the environment, biotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), advanced materials and quantum technology.
China was bolstering its research with knowledge gained overseas, and the data showed one-fifth of the top Chinese researchers were trained in a Five Eyes country, it said.
The study recommended visa screening programs to limit illegal technology transfers and instead favour international collaboration with security allies.
Australia's universities have said they are complying with foreign influence laws designed to stop the illegal transfer of technology to China, but also noted international collaboration is an integral part of university research.
China leads US in global competition for key emerging technology
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
The report mentioned that over the past five years, 'China generated 48.49% of the world's high-impact research papers into advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and it hosts seven of the world's top 10 research institutions'
A new report has revealed that the United States and many Western countries are far behind in the race with China to develop advanced technologies and retain talent. The report noted that Beijing is establishing a monopoly in some areas with a "stunning lead" in 37 out of 44 critical and emerging technologies.
The report showed that, in some fields, all of the world's top 10 research institutions are based in China. The study also urged greater research investment by governments.
The report is released by Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) after tracking defence, space, energy and biotechnology.
The report published on Thursday said is funded by the United States State Department. The study found that the US was often second-ranked, although it led global research in high-performance computing, quantum computing, small satellites and vaccines.
The report said: "Western democracies are losing the global technological competition, including the race for scientific and research breakthroughs."
The study has urged the democratic nations to collaborate more often to create secure supply chains and "rapidly pursue a strategic critical technology step-up" as it highlighted that China had established a "stunning lead in high-impact research" under government programs.
The report mentioned that over the past five years, "China generated 48.49% of the world's high-impact research papers into advanced aircraft engines, including hypersonics, and it hosts seven of the world's top 10 research institutions".
The report said: "Our research reveals that China has built the foundations to position itself as the world's leading science and technology superpower, by establishing a sometimes stunning lead in high-impact research across the majority of critical and emerging technology domains."
"The critical technology tracker shows that, for some technologies, all of the world’s top 10 leading research institutions are based in China and are collectively generating nine times more high-impact research papers than the second-ranked country (most often the US)," the report added.
