| 作者：趙熙熙 來源：科學網 www.sciencenet.cn 發布時間：2016/9/11 20:31:23 選擇字號：小 中 大 | ||||
美國副總統拜登今年早些時候在杜克大學談論他的癌症“登月計劃”。圖片來源：Ben McKeown/Associated Press 盡管資金來源尚未確定，但美國癌症“登月計劃”的顧問們已經為項目的研究目標提出了一攬子細目清單。他們建議，應在免疫療法、數據共享和建立患者網絡等十大領域重點投資，從而達到加快癌症研究的目的。 9月7日發布的這10個建議包括啟動一個專門針對利用免疫係統療法的國家臨床試驗網絡，並創建一個三維癌症地圖目錄，從而記錄一個腫瘤如何與鄰近的正常細胞相互作用。 這個包括28位成員的顧問小組是美國國家癌症研究所（NCI）國家癌症谘詢委員會（NCAB）的工作組，將擁有3位共同主席：NCAB主席、劍橋市麻省理工學院癌症生物學家Tyler Jacks，馬裏蘭州巴爾的摩市約翰斯·霍普金斯大學癌症免疫學家Elizabeth Jaffee以及NCI代理副所長Dinah Singer。其他專家組成員包括癌症中心負責人、腫瘤基因組學和癌症免疫學方麵的研究人員、為病人伸張權益的人以及包括NantWorks公司首席執行官Patrick Soon-Shiong在內的行業領軍者。 該顧問小組還呼籲開發新的癌症治療技術，包括先進的成像技術和給藥裝置；專注於驅動許多兒科癌症的蛋白質；研究腫瘤如何對癌症治療產生耐藥性。 美國國家癌症研究所（NCI）尚未最終決定向每一個方案投入多少資金，或者這些項目將如何被構架起來。 美國政府於今年1月啟動了癌症“登月計劃”，旨在未來5年使癌症宜居帶步伐提高1倍。然而由於該國國會削減了明年的預算，導致該計劃受困於預算的沼澤之中。 美國國立研究院（NIH）要求在今年10月1日開始的2017年財政年度為癌症“登月計劃”撥款6.8億美元。然而盡管美國民主黨與共和黨的成員一直在為癌症“登月計劃”呐喊助威，但立法者表示，他們在最終資助這一計劃之前還需要看到關於其的更多細節。 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區美國科學促進會研發預算與政策項目主任Matt Hourihan表示，如果這一切沒有發生在國會決定政府的2017年預算之前，完全提供資金可能便要等到2018年財政年度了。 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區美國癌症研究協會科學政策與政府事務常務董事Jon Retzlaff指出，來自“登月計劃”顧問小組的建議提供了立法者想要的信息。 這份報告首先建議，應建立全國性的患者網絡，允許患者提交腫瘤樣本進行基因組檢測，並與研究人員分享他們的檢測與臨床治療數據。癌症患者也可在網絡中預先登記，表明自己有興趣參與臨床試驗。目前，美國癌症臨床試驗主要在大型醫療中心進行，隻有5%的患者參與其中。 利用患者自身免疫細胞進行治療的免疫療法，是當前癌症治療研究的熱點之一。該報告的第二個建議是，建立一個專門的癌症免疫療法臨床試驗網絡，加強對這種療法進行研究。 該報告還建議，加強癌症抗藥性研究；建立癌症數據共享係統；加強對兒童癌症致病因素的研究；減少癌症及其治療的副作用；加強癌症預防和早期檢測；對患者標本進行追溯分析，從而更好地預測標準療法的治療結果；建立人體腫瘤動態化三維圖像；開發確定腫瘤性質與測試治療效果的新工具。 該顧問小組9月7日向NCAB提交了建議報告，後者略作修改予以接受，接下來將提交由副總統拜登領銜的癌症“登月計劃”特別小組。 該“登月計劃”是在總統奧巴馬今年1月發表國情谘文期間宣布的，目標是加快在對抗癌症方麵取得的進展，並且破除阻礙研究人員合作的界限，後來又設立以副總統拜登為首的“白宮癌症登月計劃特別小組”，目標是讓抗癌研究的進展速度翻一番，在5年內取得原本可能要10年取得的成果。（趙熙熙） 更多閱讀 Cancer experts unveil wishlist for US government ‘moonshot’From immunotherapies to diagnostics, an expert panel outlines research goals for broad initiative. Article toolsRights & PermissionsAdvisers to the US Cancer Moonshot Initiative have produced a wide-ranging laundry list of research targets for the project — even as its funding remains uncertain. The ten recommendations released on 7 September include the launch of a national clinical-trial network specifically targeted at therapies that harness the immune system, and the creation of a 3D cancer atlas to catalogue how a tumour interacts with neighbouring normal cells. The advisory panel — whose members include leading cancer researchers, physicians and patient advocates — also called for new cancer technologies, including advanced imaging techniques and drug-delivery devices; a focus on proteins that drive many paediatric cancers; and studies of how tumours become resistant to cancer treatments. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has not yet determined how much funding will go to each of the initiatives, or how the projects will be structured. The White House launched the moonshot in January to double the pace of cancer research over the next five years. But the programme is stuck in funding limbo as Congress hashes out next year’s budget. The US National Institutes of Health requested US$680 million for the moonshot for the 2017 fiscal year, which starts on 1 October. Despite vocal support from members of both political parties, lawmakers have said that they need more detail on the programme before they can fully fund it. If that does not happen before Congress sets the government’s 2017 budget, full funding might have to wait until the 2018 fiscal year, says Matt Hourihan, director of the research and development budget and policy programme at the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington DC. Waiting gameThe recommendations from the moonshot’s advisory panel provide the information that lawmakers want, says Jon Retzlaff, managing director of science policy and government affairs for the American Association for Cancer Research in Washington DC. Retzlaff plans to start lobbying Congress with the recommendations in hand. “The concepts and the grant proposals that will be generated because of these proposals, I think, will inspire Congress to say, ‘Yes, this is a worthy project,’” he says. For cancer geneticist Bert Vogelstein at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, the recommendations came as a pleasant surprise. A call to expand the use of proven cancer prevention and early-detection strategies, for example, was unexpected. Although many experts think that the approach could slash cancer deaths, it has not typically been high on the funding list, says Vogelstein. “I was very impressed,” he says. “They picked out some underexplored opportunities.” But the recommendations faced criticism at a meeting of the NCI’s advisory board. Several attendees argued that the report needs to contain a stronger emphasis on disparities in cancer deaths that have been linked to race and economic status. “Disparities should be sitting at the top of this whole thing,” said Mack Roach, a radiation oncologist at the University of California, San Francisco. “People are dying who shouldn't be dying.” That issue was largely left to the Moonshot Task Force, a separate advisory panel that is focused on improving access to care and other logistical barriers to cancer care, said the task force’s leader, Greg Simon, who is chief executive of Poliwogg, a health-care investment company in New York City. The task force plans to release its report later this year. The latest recommendations could not cover the full gamut of cancer research, advisory-panel members stressed during the meeting. “We really need to show we can produce something,” said cancer researcher Elizabeth Jaffee of Johns Hopkins. “We really went after the shovel-ready or low-hanging fruit as the priority right now.” Even so, the breadth of the recommendations was impressive, and could serve to draw new researchers to the field, says Stephen Elledge, a molecular biologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. “They did a pretty good job,” he says. “I was glad they didn’t just say, ‘Oh we just need to sequence more tumours.’”
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癌症“登月計劃”
TJKCB (2016-09-11 12:06:19) 評論 (0)| 作者：趙熙熙 來源：科學網 www.sciencenet.cn 發布時間：2016/9/11 20:31:23 選擇字號：小 中 大 | ||||
美國副總統拜登今年早些時候在杜克大學談論他的癌症“登月計劃”。圖片來源：Ben McKeown/Associated Press 盡管資金來源尚未確定，但美國癌症“登月計劃”的顧問們已經為項目的研究目標提出了一攬子細目清單。他們建議，應在免疫療法、數據共享和建立患者網絡等十大領域重點投資，從而達到加快癌症研究的目的。 9月7日發布的這10個建議包括啟動一個專門針對利用免疫係統療法的國家臨床試驗網絡，並創建一個三維癌症地圖目錄，從而記錄一個腫瘤如何與鄰近的正常細胞相互作用。 這個包括28位成員的顧問小組是美國國家癌症研究所（NCI）國家癌症谘詢委員會（NCAB）的工作組，將擁有3位共同主席：NCAB主席、劍橋市麻省理工學院癌症生物學家Tyler Jacks，馬裏蘭州巴爾的摩市約翰斯·霍普金斯大學癌症免疫學家Elizabeth Jaffee以及NCI代理副所長Dinah Singer。其他專家組成員包括癌症中心負責人、腫瘤基因組學和癌症免疫學方麵的研究人員、為病人伸張權益的人以及包括NantWorks公司首席執行官Patrick Soon-Shiong在內的行業領軍者。 該顧問小組還呼籲開發新的癌症治療技術，包括先進的成像技術和給藥裝置；專注於驅動許多兒科癌症的蛋白質；研究腫瘤如何對癌症治療產生耐藥性。 美國國家癌症研究所（NCI）尚未最終決定向每一個方案投入多少資金，或者這些項目將如何被構架起來。 美國政府於今年1月啟動了癌症“登月計劃”，旨在未來5年使癌症宜居帶步伐提高1倍。然而由於該國國會削減了明年的預算，導致該計劃受困於預算的沼澤之中。 美國國立研究院（NIH）要求在今年10月1日開始的2017年財政年度為癌症“登月計劃”撥款6.8億美元。然而盡管美國民主黨與共和黨的成員一直在為癌症“登月計劃”呐喊助威，但立法者表示，他們在最終資助這一計劃之前還需要看到關於其的更多細節。 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區美國科學促進會研發預算與政策項目主任Matt Hourihan表示，如果這一切沒有發生在國會決定政府的2017年預算之前，完全提供資金可能便要等到2018年財政年度了。 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區美國癌症研究協會科學政策與政府事務常務董事Jon Retzlaff指出，來自“登月計劃”顧問小組的建議提供了立法者想要的信息。 這份報告首先建議，應建立全國性的患者網絡，允許患者提交腫瘤樣本進行基因組檢測，並與研究人員分享他們的檢測與臨床治療數據。癌症患者也可在網絡中預先登記，表明自己有興趣參與臨床試驗。目前，美國癌症臨床試驗主要在大型醫療中心進行，隻有5%的患者參與其中。 利用患者自身免疫細胞進行治療的免疫療法，是當前癌症治療研究的熱點之一。該報告的第二個建議是，建立一個專門的癌症免疫療法臨床試驗網絡，加強對這種療法進行研究。 該報告還建議，加強癌症抗藥性研究；建立癌症數據共享係統；加強對兒童癌症致病因素的研究；減少癌症及其治療的副作用；加強癌症預防和早期檢測；對患者標本進行追溯分析，從而更好地預測標準療法的治療結果；建立人體腫瘤動態化三維圖像；開發確定腫瘤性質與測試治療效果的新工具。 該顧問小組9月7日向NCAB提交了建議報告，後者略作修改予以接受，接下來將提交由副總統拜登領銜的癌症“登月計劃”特別小組。 該“登月計劃”是在總統奧巴馬今年1月發表國情谘文期間宣布的，目標是加快在對抗癌症方麵取得的進展，並且破除阻礙研究人員合作的界限，後來又設立以副總統拜登為首的“白宮癌症登月計劃特別小組”，目標是讓抗癌研究的進展速度翻一番，在5年內取得原本可能要10年取得的成果。（趙熙熙） 更多閱讀 Cancer experts unveil wishlist for US government ‘moonshot’From immunotherapies to diagnostics, an expert panel outlines research goals for broad initiative. Article toolsRights & PermissionsAdvisers to the US Cancer Moonshot Initiative have produced a wide-ranging laundry list of research targets for the project — even as its funding remains uncertain. The ten recommendations released on 7 September include the launch of a national clinical-trial network specifically targeted at therapies that harness the immune system, and the creation of a 3D cancer atlas to catalogue how a tumour interacts with neighbouring normal cells. The advisory panel — whose members include leading cancer researchers, physicians and patient advocates — also called for new cancer technologies, including advanced imaging techniques and drug-delivery devices; a focus on proteins that drive many paediatric cancers; and studies of how tumours become resistant to cancer treatments. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has not yet determined how much funding will go to each of the initiatives, or how the projects will be structured. The White House launched the moonshot in January to double the pace of cancer research over the next five years. But the programme is stuck in funding limbo as Congress hashes out next year’s budget. The US National Institutes of Health requested US$680 million for the moonshot for the 2017 fiscal year, which starts on 1 October. Despite vocal support from members of both political parties, lawmakers have said that they need more detail on the programme before they can fully fund it. If that does not happen before Congress sets the government’s 2017 budget, full funding might have to wait until the 2018 fiscal year, says Matt Hourihan, director of the research and development budget and policy programme at the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington DC. Waiting gameThe recommendations from the moonshot’s advisory panel provide the information that lawmakers want, says Jon Retzlaff, managing director of science policy and government affairs for the American Association for Cancer Research in Washington DC. Retzlaff plans to start lobbying Congress with the recommendations in hand. “The concepts and the grant proposals that will be generated because of these proposals, I think, will inspire Congress to say, ‘Yes, this is a worthy project,’” he says. For cancer geneticist Bert Vogelstein at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, the recommendations came as a pleasant surprise. A call to expand the use of proven cancer prevention and early-detection strategies, for example, was unexpected. Although many experts think that the approach could slash cancer deaths, it has not typically been high on the funding list, says Vogelstein. “I was very impressed,” he says. “They picked out some underexplored opportunities.” But the recommendations faced criticism at a meeting of the NCI’s advisory board. Several attendees argued that the report needs to contain a stronger emphasis on disparities in cancer deaths that have been linked to race and economic status. “Disparities should be sitting at the top of this whole thing,” said Mack Roach, a radiation oncologist at the University of California, San Francisco. “People are dying who shouldn't be dying.” That issue was largely left to the Moonshot Task Force, a separate advisory panel that is focused on improving access to care and other logistical barriers to cancer care, said the task force’s leader, Greg Simon, who is chief executive of Poliwogg, a health-care investment company in New York City. The task force plans to release its report later this year. The latest recommendations could not cover the full gamut of cancer research, advisory-panel members stressed during the meeting. “We really need to show we can produce something,” said cancer researcher Elizabeth Jaffee of Johns Hopkins. “We really went after the shovel-ready or low-hanging fruit as the priority right now.” Even so, the breadth of the recommendations was impressive, and could serve to draw new researchers to the field, says Stephen Elledge, a molecular biologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. “They did a pretty good job,” he says. “I was glad they didn’t just say, ‘Oh we just need to sequence more tumours.’”
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