are gifted but also have a learning difference (like ADHD, autism, dyslexia), and often struggle with executive functioning—the mental skills for planning, organizing, focusing, and managing time/emotions—because their uneven development (asynchrony) masks their brilliance or their challenges, creating a "spiky profile" where they excel in some things but fall apart in others, confusing teachers and parents. Their high potential clashes with issues like task initiation, follow-through, and emotional regulation, making targeted support crucial.