A minor who may be claimed as a dependent needs to file a return if their income exceeds their standard deduction. A minor who earns less than $13,850 in 2023 will usually not owe taxes but may choose to file a return to receive a refund of tax withheld from their earnings.Jan 12, 2024
When Your Child Must File a Tax Return
Some people mistakenly believe their child's status as a dependent means they don't have to file taxes. But dependent child status does not excuse your child from filing an income tax return in certain situations. A child who meets any one of these tests must file:
- If the child has unearned income only (e.g., from investment interest or gains) above $1,250 for tax year 2023
- If the child's earned income exceeds $13,850 for tax year 2023
- If the child has both earned and unearned income, and the child's gross income (earned plus unearned) is greater than $13,850 in 2023 or their earned income plus $400, whichever is less; this essentially means that a dependent child must file if their unearned income is more than $400 and they have any earned income (although there is a minimum gross income threshold of $1,250 in 2023)
- The child's net earnings from self-employment are $400 or more45