This is a good example for a physician scientist in neurosurgery (an MD/PhD specializing in brain tumor): https://med.umn.edu/bio/clark-chen
In the American system, most neurosurgeons in academic medicine cannot spend more than 5% of their time doing research due to their demanding schedule in the clinic. They may hire a PhD to manage their research lab. In contrast, many neurologists in academic medicine spend substantial amount of time conducting research, including basic research. The European system could be slightly different.
