北京大水，讓一個現代化的大都市變成了澤國。麵對癱瘓的城市，麵對在大水中喪生的 37 位市民，人們不禁反思：如何才能防止災難重演？
水，是人類賴以生存不可缺少的元素，水，也是人類麵臨的最大的威脅之一。水災所造成的災難是遠高於地震的自然災害，自有曆史記載以來，死亡萬人以上水災每 5 — 6 年即出現一次，這種局麵到現代也無根本的改變。
此次北京大水也不例外，於是人們自然產生了抱怨，發泄對政府當局管理的不滿。
政府應該反省。
但是，抱怨畢竟是解決不了問題的，如何從根本上解決問題？
據說世界上有些先進城市的防水措施不錯，下水道如宮殿一般：“下水道是城市的良心”。比如巴黎。
巴黎早在 19 世紀就建立了超過 2300 公裏的排水係統，總長度超過了巴黎地鐵。 據說，如此一來，巴黎不會暴雨成災。
其實中國也有先進的時候，也據說故宮的排水係統經受了 600 年的考驗，既有地下水道，又有地麵明溝，縱橫一氣的排水設施，能夠使宮內 90 多個院落、 72 萬平方米麵積的雨水通暢排出……。
中國的事情其實很難辦，你說把北京的下水道也造成宮殿吧，那又是勞民傷財，揮霍民脂民膏，你說把今天的“故宮”中南海的排水係統也設計成抗 600 年一遇的大雨的話，那又是貪官隻顧自己不管百姓死活……。我想，既然中南海的空氣可以特供，那裏的排水係統也是世界一流的，至少遠遠優於當年的故宮。
共產黨真是沒有一件事情能做好、做對的。
可是，宮殿一樣的下水道就真的能抗得住水災嗎？
答案當然是否定的。
那巴黎不會暴雨成災嗎？稍微讀過一點歐洲史就不會有這樣的問題了。
著名的 1910 年巴黎大水災使得巴黎市的 2 萬個建築被淹， 20 萬巴黎市民受災， 20 萬巴黎郊區的居民也受災，全部物質損失估計值當時的法國金法郎 4 億元，差不多合現在的十億歐元。這場水災一直持續了兩個月！
此後的 100 年裏，雖然巴黎沒有遇到這樣大的水災，但是規模較小的洪水還是經曆了好幾次，比如 2001 年 3 月：
2011 年 8 月：
人類改造自然的偉業無論多麽值得炫耀，在自然力的麵前都是如此脆弱。如果隻為一己的利益肆意侵害自然，受懲罰的終是人類自身。
當然，這不是說人類在自然麵前就應該束手待斃，如果北京少建一些鳥巢大褲衩之類的形象工程，多做一些利國利民的實事，人民的生命和財產的損失將會減少到最低。
無論如何，人類不可能完全依靠科技來和自然鬥爭。法國左翼作家 Jean Jaurès 說道：“社會中的民眾如果隻能聽由風雨擺布，那就和住在一個沒有屋頂的房屋中沒有什麽兩樣，每一場災難之後，都有一個教訓值得吸取。巴黎大水災的教訓就是，我們不能把希望都寄托在科技和城市的基礎建設上，巴黎市民曾經為宮殿般的下水道慶賀，但是，當科技也無能為力的時候，人類自身才是對應自然，與自然共存的強大力量。”
一個文明進步社會的標誌是，在災難中和災難之後，民眾是否能團結一致，互幫互助；政府是否能及時公開透明地為民眾提供信息和資源，及時有力地改正自身工作上的失誤和過失，這些方麵，我們的民眾和政府都有長足的進步，也有亟待改善的地方。
再者，我們也不應該把目光僅僅放在眼前發上的事件上，就“水”而言，中國是水災大國，迄今為止，世界上最為嚴重的 10 大水患，中國就占了前 6 名！其中，黃河是罪魁禍首。
曆朝曆代，各級政府都對黃河水患高度重視，但又束手無策，毛澤東曾號召：“一定要把黃河的事情辦好”，可是黃河上雖然修了幾個水壩，但問題並沒有解決， 98 年長江洪災，“嚴防死守”也沒有起到作用，而“高峽出平湖”的三峽大壩，卻成了高懸在中國人頭上的一把達摩克利斯之劍。
經濟的發展如果不以人為本，不安客觀規律辦事，不尊重自然，光有錢是不行的。
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全球最慘重的水災（按死亡人數計算）
Throughout history, floods have proven to be the deadliest natural disasters. This is mainly due to the high population densities around rivers. When well-behaved, rivers provide the resources needed for agriculture, transportation, and industry. It is no accident that all of the ancient civilizations rose around rivers.
It also should be noted that not all of the dead were the victims of the initial floodwaters. Disease and famine that followed the disasters probably killed more than the floodwaters themselves.
Flooding disasters primarily as a result of typhoons or hurricanes have been excluded from this list and are instead included on the list of worst hurricane disasters.
1.
Huang He (Yellow) River, China 1931
Death Toll: 1,000,000 to 3,700,000
The Huang He River is prone to flooding because of the broad expanse of plain that lies around it. One of the major reasons for the flooding is the high silt content that gives the river its yellow tint (and thus its name). The silt—which constitutes as much as 60% of its volume—builds up until the river actually is higher than the surrounding land. The tendency to flood is exacerbated by ice dams which block the river in Mongolia; the dams back up the water, and then release devastating walls of water when they break.
The history of flooding has prompted the Communist Chinese government to embark on a program of building dams for flood control. The dams, however, have not proven entirely effective and have been the target of criticism from environmentalists.
2.
Huang He (Yellow) River, China 1887
Death Toll: 900,000 to 2,000,000
3.
Huang He (Yellow) River, China 1938
Death Toll: 500,000 - 900,000
The 1938 flood of the Huang He was caused by Nationalist Chinese troops under Chiang Kai-Shek when they broke the levees in an attempt to turn back advancing Japanese troops. The strategy was partly successful. By 1940, the Japanese were essentially in a stalemate with Chinese forces.
4.
Huang He (Yellow) River, China 1642
Death Toll: 300,000
Chinese rebels destroy the dikes along the city of Kaifeng, flooding the surrounding countryside.
5.
Ru River, Banqiao Dam, China 1975
Death Toll: 230,000
This flood was caused by the collapse of the Banquia Dam, along with several others, following a heavy rain caused by a typhoon. It is the worst dam related collapse in history.
6.
Yangtze River, China 1931
Death Toll: 145,000
Although the Huang He has caused more deaths, the Yangtze has had more than 1,000 recorded floods.
7.
The Netherlands and England 1099
Death Toll: 100,000
A combination of high tides and storms flooded the Thames and the Netherlands, killing 100,000.
8.
The Netherlands 1287
Death Toll: 50,000
A seawall on the Zuider Zee failed, flooding the low-lying polder.
9.
The Neva River, Russia 1824
Death Toll: 10,000
An ice dam clogged the Neva, flooding nearby cities.
10.
The Netherlands 1421
Death Toll: 10,000
http://www.epicdisasters.com/index.php/site/comments/the_worlds_worst_floods_by_death_toll/
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