https://www.cruisecritic.com/articles/how-to-apply-for-a-cruise-visa#
For North Americans, many popular cruise destinations -- such as the Eastern and Western Caribbean, Alaska and Western Mediterranean -- do not require visas. But ships that call on more exotic destinations might include visits to a country where you'd need a visa to enter. In addition, there are some destinations where independent travelers need a visa, but cruise travelers or cruise travelers on licensed tours do not.