【《穹頂之下》柴靜女士的中國霧霾調查（完整版）】 ---- 及探討

弓尒 · 2015-03-04 10:47:04Z

【《穹頂之下》柴靜女士的中國霧霾調查（完整版）】 ---- 及探討簡介

來源: 弓尒於 2015-03-04 10:47:04 [檔案] [博客] [舊帖] [給我悄悄話] 閱讀數 : (72315 bytes)

104分鍾版

139分鍾版

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看了一下，看完了，說幾句

1。發展工業必然帶來人們生命生活環境的汙染，地構資源的破壞，
2。這是個矛盾，必須解決

3。國家政府的整體規劃法規的製定和執行是個關鍵
4。總理總書記，尤其鄧胡趙李江朱胡溫習李等人未盡到責任，失職

5。柴靜捅出這個問題，是一件好事兒，應該得到支持肯定讚許
6。柴靜不是個學者更不是個科學家，她的結論並非全部正確和完整，可以應該指出評判，但不必求全責備
7。粗醅非酒乃酒母，酒從醅出，喝酒莫忘醅

（題外話：柴的這個片子可能會得到諾貝爾提名，至少；至多是嘛，你懂的～）

8。文化知識科學是指導，這個認知和執行需要有個過程
9。利益利潤成本貪腐是根基所在
10。所謂近30年來中國在人類資源地理環境生活空間方麵的確是越來越糟
為了 GDP 幾乎無所不用其極
11。假冒偽劣毒食品飲用水灌溉農田的水蔬菜水果肉類蛋類，，，，，有法不依，執法不力，虛張聲勢

12。為了你我他她的今天和子孫後代的明天，我們真的需要關注和對環境保護做點兒什麽

歡迎討論，奉還謾罵！

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Atmospheric particulate matter – also known as particulate matter (PM) or particulates –
is microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere.
Subtypes of atmospheric particle matter include ：
suspended particulate matter (SPM),
respirable suspended particle(RSP; particles with diameter of 10 micrometres or less, i.e. PM10),
fine particles (diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less， i.e. PM2.5),
ultrafine particles, and soot.

The IARC and WHO designate airborne particulates a Group 1 carcinogen.
Particulates are the deadliest form of air pollution due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs
and blood streams unfiltered, causing permanent DNA mutations, heart attacks, and premature death.^[4]

In 2013, a study involving 312,944 people in nine European countries revealed that
there was no safe level of particulates and that for every increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10,
the lung cancer rate rose 22%.
The smaller PM2.5 were particularly deadly, with a 36% increase in
lung cancer per 10 μg/m3 as it can penetrate deeper into the lungs.^[5]

from wiki

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Volume 14, No. 9, p813–822, August 2013

www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2813%2970279-1/abstract

Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)

Dr Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, PhD

Zorana J Andersen, PhD

Rob Beelen, PhD

Evangelia Samoli, PhD

Massimo Stafoggia, MSc

Gudrun Weinmayr, PhD

Prof Barbara Hoffmann, MD

Paul Fischer, MSc

Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, PhD

Prof Bert Brunekreef, PhD

Wei W Xun, MPH

Prof Klea Katsouyanni, PhD

Konstantina Dimakopoulou, MSc

Johan Sommar, MSc

Prof Bertil Forsberg, PhD

Lars Modig, PhD

Anna Oudin, PhD

Bente Oftedal, PhD

Per E Schwarze, PhD

Prof Per Nafstad, MD

Prof Ulf De Faire, PhD

Prof Nancy L Pedersen, PhD

Prof Claes-Göran Östenson, PhD

Laura Fratiglioni, PhD

Johanna Penell, PhD

Michal Korek, MSc

Prof Göran Pershagen, PhD

Kirsten T Eriksen, PhD

Mette Sørensen, PhD

Anne Tjønneland, DMSc

Thomas Ellermann, PhD

Marloes Eeftens, MSc

Prof Petra H Peeters, PhD

Kees Meliefste, BSc

Meng Wang, MSc

Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, PhD

Prof Timothy J Key, DPhil

Kees de Hoogh, PhD

Hans Concin, MD

Gabriele Nagel, PhD

Alice Vilier, MSc

Sara Grioni, BSc

Vittorio Krogh, MD

Ming-Yi Tsai, PhD

Fulvio Ricceri, PhD

Carlotta Sacerdote, PhD

Claudia Galassi, MD

Enrica Migliore, MSc

Andrea Ranzi, PhD

Giulia Cesaroni, MSc

Chiara Badaloni, MSc

Francesco Forastiere, PhD

Ibon Tamayo, MSc

Pilar Amiano, MSc

Miren Dorronsoro, MD

ProfAntonia Trichopoulou, MD

Christina Bamia, PhD

Prof Paolo Vineis, MPH†

Gerard Hoek, PhD†

†Joint last authors

Show all authors

Published Online: 10 July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1

Article Info

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Supplementary video

Paolo Vineis and Helga Laszlo outline the latest results from the ESCAPE study, a Europe-wide project looking at the effects of air pollution on health, which show that prolonged exposure to air pollution increases the risk of lung cancer, even at levels below the European Union limit values.

Summary

Background

Ambient air pollution is suspected to cause lung cancer. We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in European populations.

Methods

This prospective analysis of data obtained by the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects used data from 17 cohort studies based in nine European countries. Baseline addresses were geocoded and we assessed air pollution by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5), and between 2·5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2·5absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses.

Findings

The 312,944 cohort members contributed 4,013,131 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 12·8 years), 2095 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed.

The meta-analyses showed a statistically significant association between risk for lung cancer and PM10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1·22 [95% CI 1·03–1·45] per 10 μg/m3).

For PM2·5 the HR was 1·18 (0·96–1·46) per 5 μg/m3. The same increments of PM10 and PM2·5 were associated with HRs for adenocarcinomas of the lung of 1·51 (1·10–2·08) and 1·55 (1·05–2·29), respectively. An increase in road traffic of 4000 vehicle-km per day within 100 m of the residence was associated with an HR for lung cancer of 1·09 (0·99–1·21).

The results showed no association between lung cancer and nitrogen oxides concentration (HR 1·01 [0·95–1·07] per 20 μg/m3) or traffic intensity on the nearest street (HR 1·00 [0·97–1·04] per 5000 vehicles per day).