Cultivation
City
Culture
Citizen
Civil
Centralized Governance
Civilization
三大要素：
都市的出現， 政體的建立和實施
文字係統（不是簡單的形式和工具）
經濟和宗教的 實施
五大特征：
1。 脫離 超越 原始望天收 的 農作，農耕， 農業，
2。 國家政體，及其工具： 司法，監獄，軍隊，官僚機構和 施政係統
3。 文字係統的普遍使用，宗教的盛行，
4。 建築，像樣的建築，比如宮殿等， 而非 洞穴棚庵，
5。 經濟 商業的實行，勞動專業的分工等，
文字係統（不是簡單的形式和工具）
經濟和宗教的 實施
五大特征：
1。 脫離 超越 原始望天收 的 農作，農耕， 農業，
2。 國家政體，及其工具： 司法，監獄，軍隊，官僚機構和 施政係統
3。 文字係統的普遍使用，宗教的盛行，
4。 建築，像樣的建築，比如宮殿等， 而非 洞穴棚庵，
5。 經濟 商業的實行，勞動專業的分工等，
A civilization (or civilisation in British English) most broadly is any complex state society[1][2][3]
characterized by a
social hierarchy,[1][2][3][4] ----
政體等級
symbolic communication forms (typically, writing systems),[4][5] －－－
書寫係統
and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.[5][6][7] －－－
擺脫 超離 望天收 原始 生存條件
characterized by a
social hierarchy,[1][2][3][4] ----
政體等級
symbolic communication forms (typically, writing systems),[4][5] －－－
書寫係統
and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.[5][6][7] －－－
擺脫 超離 望天收 原始 生存條件
Civilizations are intimately associated with and often further defined
by other socio-politico-economic characteristics, including
urbanization (or the development of cities),[2][4]
centralization,[2][4]
the domestication of both humans and other organisms,[3][7]
specialization of labor,[2][3][7] culturally ingrained ideologies of progress[7]
and supremacism,[3] monumental architecture,[4] taxation,[4]
societal dependence uponagriculture,[6] and expansionism.[3]
Historically, a civilization was an "advanced" culture in contrast to more
supposedly barbarian, savage, or primitive cultures.[1][3][4][8]
More neutrally, civilization is contrasted with more ancient, less stratified societal models,
including the cultures of hunter-gatherers, nomadic pastoralists,
tribal villagers, and band societies.
specialization of labor,[2][3][7] culturally ingrained ideologies of progress[7]
and supremacism,[3] monumental architecture,[4] taxation,[4]
societal dependence uponagriculture,[6] and expansionism.[3]
Historically, a civilization was an "advanced" culture in contrast to more
supposedly barbarian, savage, or primitive cultures.[1][3][4][8]
More neutrally, civilization is contrasted with more ancient, less stratified societal models,
including the cultures of hunter-gatherers, nomadic pastoralists,
tribal villagers, and band societies.
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