任何曆史問題,尤其是敏感的政治性問題,往往會根據政治立場存在不同的說法,而這其中往往有一方在說謊。在1990年代,接觸了一些美國的曆史書籍後,我發現中美對朝鮮戰爭的看法存在巨大的差異。核心問題是美國方麵的一些觀點:(1)中國軍隊數量為美軍若幹倍;(2)共軍人海戰術,被美軍擊斃上百萬;(3)共軍無理襲擊聯合國;(4)中國虐待俘虜;(5)聯合國優待俘虜;(6)一萬多誌願軍戰俘自願去了台灣。帶著對這些問題的疑問,我閱讀了若幹英文曆史資料。準備一勞永逸地SETTLE這些問題。
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在軍事問題上,我主要參考了美軍的戰史,並與共軍戰史相比對。我發現,美軍的戰史往往隻見樹木不見森林,描寫戰鬥詳細到營排一級,比如BLAIR的書,長達一千多頁。但戰略部署基本沒有介紹。而共軍戰史,往往戰略意圖交代非常清楚。二者正好可以互補。
在政治問題上,鑒於美國人和中國人寫的曆史明顯帶有強烈的意識形態和感情色彩,形容詞太多,我因此棄而不用,完全采取了英國人的曆史著作。關鍵問題上,為了減少爭議,我采用引用的方式,而非轉述。
比如說,在誌願軍傷亡數量問題上,我使用的方法是分析美軍的殺傷的統計數字來源,比如某次戰鬥的殺傷數量。一旦你追究到這個細節,就會發現,即使是美國的軍史學家也認為,美軍的數字是SPECULATION,其總和也就缺乏基本可信度。
經過相當長時間的努力,終於在1998年完成了《KOREAN WAR FAQ》。這個FAQ發布在網上基本成為KOREAN WAR的相關問題的定論,被很多學習朝鮮戰爭曆史的人作為參考。這個FAQ也曾經一度被美軍網站作為朝鮮戰爭的參考資料。10多年來,不斷有人(包括訪問CMF的不少美軍人士)試圖向這個《KOREAN WAR FAQ》提出質疑,但最後都鴉雀無聲了。因此它經受了時間的考驗。此FAQ於1998年發表之後,我幾次想補充一些內容,但一直沒有時間。以下是該FAQ的目錄(鏈接)。
Korean War FAQ
Copyright(C) DXY, 1998, All rights reserved.
- What is the purpose of the Korean War FAQ?
- Why did PRC send troops to Korea?
- What was China's military objective in the Koren war?
- Did PRC warn US/UN before it sent troops?
- Why did PRC send troops under the name of volunteer army?
- When did PVA first enter Korea?
- What was an army in PLA unit hierarchy?
- How was the PLA equipment in the Korean war?
- What were PVA's tactics and strategies in Korean war?
- Who was the PVA commander in Korea?
- How did PVA's strength compare to that of US/UN forces at the second campaign?
- How did PVA perform in its first campaign against US/UN forces?
- How did PVA perform in the second campaign?
- How about the third PVA campaign?
- How did PVA perform in the 4th campaign?
- How about the 5th campaign?
- Why was PLA 180th Division lost?
- What happened after the 5th campaign?
- What was the PVA and UN numerical strength at various stages of the Korean war?
- What is "human wave" tactics?
- How many casualties did PVA suffer?
- How many casualties UN suffered?
- Why did the truce talk drag for so long?
- How were Chinese and NK POWs treated by US?
- How did Chinese treat POWs?
- What was the big dispute on POW repatriation?
- Was the "voluntary repatriation" a violation of the Geneva Convention?
- If the repatriation was voluntary, why did the POWs revolt?
- Why were so many Chinese POWs repatriated to KMT regime in Taiwan?
- How many western POWs choose not to repatriate?
- What did Mao say about US after the Korean war?
- Did US consider the use the A-Bomb in Korea?
- As a side question, did US threaten China with nukes after the Korean war?
- How many civilians were killed by US forces in Korea?
- What was the lesson China learned from the Korean war?
- What is the future outlook of Sino-US relations?
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