門德爾鬆第三,第四交響曲
1．門德爾鬆第三交響曲 - 全曲共4個樂章：
1．奏鳴曲式，序奏為稍快的行板，A小調，主題哀婉地由雙簧管與中提琴表現，宛如對古堡的歎息。主部為略為激動的快板，A小調，第一主題仍帶憂鬱，為蘇格蘭舞 曲風格。這個主題加強後，進入燦爛的合奏表現的副主題，氣氛轉變後，進入燦爛的合奏表現的副主題，氣氛轉變後，單簧管以E小調表現第二主題。第二主題與第 一主題交叉後，輕鬆地推進，結束呈示部。發展部兩個主題變化而發展，再現部兩個主題的原型再現。終結部先情緒激昂地進入高潮，靜止後序奏的行板旋律猶如回 憶而再現。
2．不太快的活潑的快板，F大調、奏鳴曲式，有諧謔曲性格。以蘇格蘭民族舞曲風格的第一主題為中心，與樸素的第二主題形成對比。呈示部後，發展部與再現部以規則的形式進行，舞曲風格的主題呈現歡快的節奏。
3．慢板，簡單的奏鳴曲形式，在D小調短小的序奏後，進入A大調主部。第一主題由小提琴表達，充滿憂鬱，單簧管則以陰鬱的形態表現第二主題。在極短的發展部呈示後，第一、二主題追憶般地重現，似乎是對古堡周圍景色與古堡氛圍的回顧。
4．最活潑的快板，A小調，奏鳴曲式。一開始就表現富有激情的第一主題，第二主題同樣充滿活力。長大的終結部後半部為很莊嚴的快板，A大調，類似蘇格蘭民歌的旋律，色彩無比燦爛。這一樂章據說采自愛丁堡風笛演奏軍樂的印象.
摘自《百度百科》
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The Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90, commonly known as the Italian,[1] is an orchestral symphony written by German composer Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847).
The work has its origins, like the composer's Scottish Symphony and the orchestral overture The Hebrides (Fingal's Cave), in the tour of Europe which occupied Mendelssohn from 1829 to 1831. Its inspiration is the colour and atmosphere of Italy, where Mendelssohn made sketches but left the work incomplete: "This is Italy! And now has begun what I have always thought to be the supreme joy in life. And I am loving it. Today was so rich that now, in the evening, I must collect myself a little, and so I am writing to you to thank you, dear parents, for having given me all this happiness." In February he wrote from Rome to his sister Fanny: The ‘Italian’ symphony is making great progress. It will be the jolliest piece I have ever done, especially the last movement. I have not found anything for the slow movement yet, and I think that I will save that for Naples.” The Italian Symphony was finished in Berlin, 13 March 1833, in response to an invitation for a symphony from the London (now Royal) Philharmonic Society; he conducted the first performance himself in London on 13 May 1833, at a London Philharmonic Society concert. The symphony's success, and Mendelssohn's popularity, influenced the course of British music for the rest of the century.[3] However, Mendelssohn remained unsatisfied with the composition, which cost him, he said, some of the bitterest moments of his career; he revised it in 1837[4] and even planned to write alternate versions of the second, third, and fourth movements. He never published the symphony, which only appeared in print in 1851,[5] after his death.
The piece is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani and strings.
It is in four movements: 1. Allegro vivace 2. Andante con moto 3. Con moto moderato 4. Saltarello: Presto
The joyful first movement, in sonata form, is followed by an impression in D minor of a religious procession the composer witnessed in Naples. The third movement is a minuet in which French Horns are introduced in the trio, while the final movement (which is in the minor key throughout) incorporates dance figurations from the Roman saltarello and the Neapolitan tarantella. It is among the first large multi-movement works to begin in a major key and end in the tonic minor, another example being Brahms's first piano trio.
--from Wikipedia
