回複：Family law in California (一點補充)

相關的法令，不過一句話，如果還有希望最好不要輕易放棄
2320. A judgment of dissolution of marriage may not be entered
unless one of the parties to the marriage has been a resident of this
state for six months and of the county in which the proceeding is
filed for three months next preceding the filing of the petition.




2321. (a) In a proceeding for legal separation of the parties in
which neither party, at the time the proceeding was commenced, has
complied with the residence requirements of Section 2320, either
party may, upon complying with the residence requirements, amend the
party's petition or responsive pleading in the proceeding to request
that a judgment of dissolution of the marriage be entered. The date
of the filing of the amended petition or pleading shall be deemed to
be the date of commencement of the proceeding for the dissolution of
the marriage for the purposes only of the residence requirements of
Section 2320.
(b) If the other party has appeared in the proceeding, notice of
the amendment shall be given to the other party in the manner
provided by rules adopted by the Judicial Council. If no appearance
has been made by the other party in the proceeding, notice of the
amendment may be given to the other party by mail to the last known
address of the other party, or by personal service, if the intent of
the party to so amend upon satisfaction of the residence requirements
of Section 2320 is set forth in the initial petition or pleading in
the manner provided by rules adopted by the Judicial Council.



2322. For the purpose of a proceeding for dissolution of marriage,
the hu*****and and wife each may have a separate domicile or residence
depending upon proof of the fact and not upon legal presumptions.



2330. (a) A proceeding for dissolution of marriage or for legal
separation of the parties is commenced by filing a petition entitled
"In re the marriage of ____ and ____" which shall state whether it is
a petition for dissolution of the marriage or for legal separation
of the parties.
(b) In a proceeding for dissolution of marriage or for legal
separation of the parties, the petition shall set forth among other
matters, as nearly as can be ascertained, the following facts:
(1) The date of marriage.
(2) The date of separation.
(3) The number of years from marriage to separation.
(4) The number of children of the marriage, if any, and if none a
statement of that fact.
(5) The age and birth date of each minor child of the marriage.



2330.1. In any proceeding for dissolution of marriage, for legal
separation of the parties, or for the support of children, the
petition or complaint may list children born before the marriage to
the same parties and, pursuant to the terms of the Uniform Parentage
Act, a determination of paternity may be made in the action. In
addition, a supplemental complaint may be filed, in any of those
proceedings, pursuant to Section 464 of the Code of Civil Procedure,
seeking a judgment or order of paternity or support for a child of
the mother and father of the child whose paternity and support are
already in issue before the court. A supplemental complaint for
paternity or support of children may be filed without leave of court
either before or after final judgment in the underlying action.
Service of the supplemental summons and complaint shall be made in
the manner provided for the initial service of a summons by this
code.


2330.3. (a) All dissolution actions, to the greatest extent
possible, shall be assigned to the same superior court department for
all purposes, in order that all decisions in a case through final
judgment shall be made by the same judicial officer.
(b) The Judicial Council shall adopt a standard of judicial
administration prescribing a minimum length of assignment of a
judicial officer to a family law assignment.
(c) This section shall be operative on July 1, 1997.




2330.5. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if no demand
for money, property, costs, or attorney's fees is contained in the
petition and the judgment of dissolution of marriage is entered by
default, the filing of income and expense declarations and property
declarations in connection therewith shall not be required.




2331. A copy of the petition, together with a copy of a summons, in
form and content approved by the Judicial Council shall be served
upon the other party to the marriage in the same manner as service of
papers in civil actions generally.



2332. (a) If the petition for dissolution of the marriage is based
on the ground of incurable insanity and the insane spouse has a
guardian or conservator, other than the spouse filing the petition,
the petition and summons shall be served upon the insane spouse and
the guardian or conservator. The guardian or conservator shall
defend and protect the interests of the insane spouse.
(b) If the insane spouse has no guardian or conservator, or if the
spouse filing the petition is the guardian or conservator of the
insane spouse, the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem, who may
be the district attorney or the county counsel, if any, to defend and
protect the interests of the insane spouse. If a district attorney
or county counsel is appointed guardian ad litem pursuant to this
subdivision, the successor in the office of district attorney or
county counsel, as the case may be, succeeds as guardian ad litem,
without further action by the court or parties.
(c) "Guardian or conservator" as used in this section means:
(1) With respect to the issue of the dissolution of the marriage
relationship, the guardian or conservator of the person.
(2) With respect to support and property division issues, the
guardian or conservator of the estate.


2333. Subject to Section 2334, if from the evidence at the hearing
the court finds that there are irreconcilable differences which have
caused the irremediable breakdown of the marriage, the court shall
order the dissolution of the marriage or a legal separation of the
parties.


2334. (a) If it appears that there is a reasonable possibility of
reconciliation, the court shall continue the proceeding for the
dissolution of the marriage or for a legal separation of the parties
for a period not to exceed 30 days.
(b) During the period of the continuance, the court may make
orders for the support and maintenance of the parties, the custody of
the minor children of the marriage, the support of children for whom
support may be ordered, attorney's fees, and for the preservation of
the property of the parties.
(c) At any time after the termination of the period of the
continuance, either party may move for the dissolution of the
marriage or a legal separation of the parties, and the court may
enter a judgment of dissolution of the marriage or legal separation
of the parties.



2335. Except as otherwise provided by statute, in a pleading or
proceeding for dissolution of marriage or legal separation of the
parties, including depositions and discovery proceedings, evidence of
specific acts of misconduct is improper and inadmissible.




2335.5. In a proceeding for dissolution of marriage or legal
separation of the parties, where the judgment is to be entered by
default, the petitioner shall provide the court clerk with a stamped
envelope bearing sufficient postage addressed to the spouse who has
defaulted, with the address of the court clerk as the return address,
and the court clerk shall mail a copy of the request to enter
default to that spouse in the envelope provided. A judgment of
dissolution or legal separation, including relief requested in the
petition, shall not be denied solely on the basis that the request to
enter default was returned unopened to the court. The court clerk
shall maintain any such document returned by the post office as part
of the court file in the case.



2336. (a) No judgment of dissolution or of legal separation of the
parties may be granted upon the default of one of the parties or upon
a statement or finding of fact made by a referee; but the court
shall, in addition to the statement or finding of the referee,
require proof of the grounds alleged, and the proof, if not taken
before the court, shall be by affidavit. In all cases where there
are minor children of the parties, each affidavit or offer of proof
shall include an estimate by the declarant or affiant of the monthly
gross income of each party. If the declarant or affiant has no
knowledge of the estimated monthly income of a party, the declarant
or affiant shall state why he or she has no knowledge. In all cases
where there is a community estate, each affidavit or offer of proof
shall include an estimate of the value of the assets and the debts
the declarant or affiant proposes to be distributed to each party,
unless the declarant or affiant has filed, or concurrently files, a
complete and accurate property declaration with the court.
(b) If the proof is by affidavit, the personal appearance of the
affiant is required only when it appears to the court that any of the
following circumstances exist:
(1) Reconciliation of the parties is reasonably possible.
(2) A proposed child custody order is not in the best interest of
the child.
(3) A proposed child support order is less than a noncustodial
parent is capable of paying.
(4) A personal appearance of a party or interested person would be
in the best interests of justice.
(c) An affidavit submitted pursuant to this section shall contain
a stipulation by the affiant that the affiant understands that proof
will be by affidavit and that the affiant will not appear before the
court unless so ordered by the court.


2337. (a) In a proceeding for dissolution of marriage, the court,
upon noticed motion, may sever and grant an early and separate trial
on the issue of the dissolution of the status of the marriage apart
from other issues.
(b) A preliminary declaration of disclosure with a completed
schedule of assets and debts shall be served on the nonmoving party
with the noticed motion unless it has been served previously, or
unless the parties stipulate in writing to defer service of the
preliminary declaration of disclosure until a later time.
(c) The court may impose upon a party any of the following
conditions on granting a severance of the issue of the dissolution of
the status of the marriage, and in case of that party's death, an
order of any of the following conditions continues to be binding upon
that party's estate:
(1) The party shall indemnify and hold the other party harmless
from any taxes, reassessments, interest, and penalties payable by the
other party if the dissolution of the marriage before the division
of the parties' community estate results in a taxable event to either
of the parties by reason of the ultimate division of their community
estate, which taxes would not have been payable if the parties were
still married at the time the division was made.
(2) Until judgment has been entered on all remaining issues and
has become final, the party shall maintain all existing health and
medical insurance coverage for the other party and the minor children
as named dependents, so long as the party is legally able to do so.
At the time the party is no longer legally eligible to maintain the
other party as a named dependent under the existing health and
medical policies, the party or the party's estate shall, at the party'
s sole expense, purchase and maintain health and medical insurance
coverage that is comparable to the existing health and medical
insurance coverage. If comparable insurance coverage is not
obtained, the party or the party's estate is responsible for the
health and medical expenses incurred by the other party that would
have been covered by the insurance coverage, and shall indemnify and
hold the other party harmless from any adverse consequences resulting
from the lack of insurance.
(3) Until judgment has been entered on all remaining issues and
has become final, the party shall indemnify and hold the other party
harmless from any adverse consequences resulting to the other party
if the bifurcation results in a termination of the other party's
right to a probate homestead in the residence in which the other
party resides at the time the severance is granted.
(4) Until judgment has been entered on all remaining issues and
has become final, the party shall indemnify and hold the other party
harmless from any adverse consequences resulting to the other party
if the bifurcation results in the loss of the rights of the other
party to a probate family allowance as the surviving spouse of the
party.
(5) Until judgment has been entered on all remaining issues and
has become final, the party shall indemnify and hold the other party
harmless from any adverse consequences resulting to the other party
if the bifurcation results in the loss of the other party's rights to
pension benefits, elections, or survivors' benefits under the party'
s pension or retirement plan to the extent that the other party would
have been entitled to those benefits or elections as the surviving
spouse of the party.
(6) Prior to entry of judgment terminating status, both of the
following shall occur:
(A) The party's retirement or pension plan shall be joined as a
party to the proceeding for dissolution.
(B) If applicable, an order pursuant to Section 2610 shall be
entered with reference to the defined benefit or similar plan pending
the ultimate resolution of the distribution of benefits under the
employee benefit plan.
(7) The party shall indemnify and hold the other party harmless
from any adverse consequences if the bifurcation results in the loss
of rights to social security benefits or elections to the extent the
other party would have been entitled to those benefits or elections
as the surviving spouse of the party.
(8) Any other condition the court determines is just and
equitable.
(d) A judgment granting a dissolution of the status of the
marriage shall expressly reserve jurisdiction for later determination
of all other pending issues.
(e) If the party dies after the entry of judgment granting a
dissolution of marriage, any obligation imposed by this section shall
be enforceable against any asset, including the proceeds thereof,
against which these obligations would have been enforceable prior to
the person's death.



2338. (a) In a proceeding for dissolution of the marriage or legal
separation of the parties, the court shall file its decision and any
statement of decision as in other cases.
(b) If the court determines that no dissolution should be granted,
a judgment to that effect only shall be entered.
(c) If the court determines that a dissolution should be granted,
a judgment of dissolution of marriage shall be entered. After the
entry of the judgment and before it becomes final, neither party has
the right to dismiss the proceeding without the consent of the other.




2338.5. Where a judgment of dissolution or nullity of marriage or
legal separation of the parties is to be granted upon the default of
one of the parties:
(a) The signature of the spouse who has defaulted on any marital
settlement agreement or on any stipulated judgment shall be
notarized.
(b) The court clerk shall give notice of entry of judgment of
dissolution of marriage, nullity of marriage, or legal separation to
the attorney for each party or to the party, if unrepresented.
(c) For the purpose of mailing the notice of entry of judgment,
the party submitting the judgment shall provide the court clerk with
a stamped envelope bearing sufficient postage addressed to the
attorney for the other party or to the party, if unrepresented, with
the address of the court clerk as the return address. The court
clerk shall maintain any such document returned by the post office as
part of the court file in the case.



2339. (a) Subject to subdivision (b) and to Sections 2340 to 2344,
inclusive, no judgment of dissolution is final for the purpose of
terminating the marriage relationship of the parties until six months
have expired from the date of service of a copy of summons and
petition or the date of appearance of the respondent, whichever
occurs first.
(b) The court may extend the six-month period described in
subdivision (a) for good cause shown.



2340. A judgment of dissolution of marriage shall specify the date
on which the judgment becomes finally effective for the purpose of
terminating the marriage relationship of the parties.



2341. (a) Notwithstanding Section 2340, if an appeal is taken from
the judgment or a motion for a new trial is made, the dissolution of
marriage does not become final until the motion or appeal has been
finally disposed of, nor then, if the motion has been granted or
judgment reversed.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the filing of an
appeal or of a motion for a new trial does not stay the effect of a
judgment insofar as it relates to the dissolution of the marriage
status and restoring the parties to the status of unmarried persons,
unless the appealing or moving party specifies in the notice of
appeal or motion for new trial an objection to the termination of the
marriage status. No party may make such an objection to the
termination of the marriage status unless such an objection was also
made at the time of trial.



2342. Where a joint petition under Chapter 5 (commencing with
Section 2400) is thereafter revoked and either party commences a
proceeding pursuant to Section 2330 within 90 days from the date of
the filing of the revocation, the date the judgment becomes a final
judgment under Section 2339 shall be calculated by deducting the
period of time which has elapsed from the date of filing the joint
petition to the date of filing the revocation.



2343. The court may, upon notice and for good cause shown, or on
stipulation of the parties, retain jurisdiction over the date of
termination of the marital status, or may order that the marital
status be terminated at a future specified date. On the date of
termination of the marital status, the parties are restored to the
status of unmarried persons.



2344. (a) The death of either party after entry of the judgment
does not prevent the judgment from becoming a final judgment under
Sections 2339 to 2343, inclusive.
(b) Subdivision (a) does not validate a marriage by either party
before the judgment becomes final, nor does it constitute a defense
in a criminal prosecution against either party.



2345. The court may not render a judgment of the legal separation
of the parties without the consent of both parties unless one party
has not made a general appearance and the petition is one for legal
separation.


2346. (a) If the court determines that a judgment of dissolution of
the marriage should be granted, but by mistake, negligence, or
inadvertence, the judgment has not been signed, filed, and entered,
the court may cause the judgment to be signed, dated, filed, and
entered in the proceeding as of the date when the judgment could have
been signed, dated, filed, and entered originally, if it appears to
the satisfaction of the court that no appeal is to be taken in the
proceeding or motion made for a new trial, to annul or set aside the
judgment, or for relief under Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 469)
of Title 6 of Part 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(b) The court may act under subdivision (a) on its own motion or
upon the motion of either party to the proceeding. In contested
cases, the motion of a party shall be with notice to the other party.

(c) The court may cause the judgment to be entered nunc pro tunc
as provided in this section, even though the judgment may have been
previously entered, where through mistake, negligence, or
inadvertence the judgment was not entered as soon as it could have
been entered under the law if applied for.
(d) The court shall not cause a judgment to be entered nunc pro
tunc as provided in this section as of a date before trial in the
matter, before the date of an uncontested judgment hearing in the
matter, or before the date of submission to the court of an
application for judgment on affidavit pursuant to Section 2336. Upon
the entry of the judgment, the parties have the same rights with
regard to the dissolution of marriage becoming final on the date that
it would have become final had the judgment been entered upon the
date when it could have been originally entered.



2347. A judgment of legal separation of the parties does not bar a
subsequent judgment of dissolution of the marriage granted pursuant
to a petition for dissolution filed by either party.



2348. (a) In addition to the requirements of Section 103200 of the
Health and Safety Code, the clerk of the superior court of each
county shall report annually to the Judicial Council the number of
judgments entered in the county during the preceding calendar year or
other 12-month period as required by the Judicial Council for each
of the following:
(1) Dissolution of marriage.
(2) Legal separation of the parties.
(3) Nullity of marriage.
(b) After the Judicial Branch Statistical Information System
(JBSIS) is operational statewide, the clerk of the superior court of
each county shall also report annually to the Judicial Council the
number of each of those judgments specified in paragraphs (1), (2),
and (3) of subdivision (a), entered in the county during the
preceding calendar year or other 12-month period as required by the
Judicial Council, that include orders relating to child custody,
visitation, or support.
(c) The Judicial Council shall include in its annual report to the
Legislature on court statistics the number of each of the types of
judgments entered in the state reported pursuant to subdivisions (a)
and (b).
(d) The Judicial Council shall establish the applicable 12-month
reporting period, the due date, and forms to be used, for submission
of data pursuant to subdivisions (a) and (b). Until the Judicial
Branch Statistical Information System (JBSIS) is operational
statewide, the clerk of the superior court may report the data
described in subdivision (a) using existing data collection systems,
according to current Judicial Council statistical reporting
regulations.
2400. (a) A marriage may be dissolved by the summary dissolution
procedure provided in this chapter if all of the following conditions
exist at the time the proceeding is commenced:
(1) Either party has met the jurisdictional requirements of
Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 2320) with regard to dissolution
of marriage.
(2) Irreconcilable differences have caused the irremediable
breakdown of the marriage and the marriage should be dissolved.
(3) There are no children of the relationship of the parties born
before or during the marriage or adopted by the parties during the
marriage, and the wife, to her knowledge, is not pregnant.
(4) The marriage is not more than five years in duration at the
time the petition is filed.
(5) Neither party has any interest in real property wherever
situated, with the exception of the lease of a residence occupied by
either party which satisfies the following requirements:
(A) The lease does not include an option to purchase.
(B) The lease terminates within one year from the date of the
filing of the petition.
(6) There are no unpaid obligations in excess of four thousand
dollars ($4,000) incurred by either or both of the parties after the
date of their marriage, excluding the amount of any unpaid obligation
with respect to an automobile.
(7) The total fair market value of community property assets,
excluding all encumbrances and automobiles, including any deferred
compensation or retirement plan, is less than twenty-five thousand
dollars ($25,000), and neither party has separate property assets,
excluding all encumbrances and automobiles, in excess of twenty-five
thousand dollars ($25,000).
(8) The parties have executed an agreement setting forth the
division of assets and the assumption of liabilities of the
community, and have executed any documents, title certificates, bills
of sale, or other evidence of transfer necessary to effectuate the
agreement.
(9) The parties waive any rights to spousal support.
(10) The parties, upon entry of the judgment of dissolution of
marriage pursuant to Section 2403, irrevocably waive their respective
rights to appeal and their rights to move for a new trial.
(11) The parties have read and understand the summary dissolution
brochure provided for in Section 2406.
(12) The parties desire that the court dissolve the marriage.
(b) On January 1, 1985, and on January 1 of each odd-numbered year
thereafter, the amounts in paragraph (6) of subdivision (a) shall be
adjusted to reflect any change in the value of the dollar. On
January 1, 1993, and on January 1 of each odd-numbered year
thereafter, the amounts in paragraph (7) of subdivision (a) shall be
adjusted to reflect any change in the value of the dollar. The
adjustments shall be made by multiplying the base amounts by the
percentage change in the California Consumer Price Index as compiled
by the Department of Industrial Relations, with the result rounded to
the nearest thousand dollars. The Judicial Council shall compute
and publish the amounts.



2401. (a) A proceeding for summary dissolution of the marriage
shall be commenced by filing a joint petition in the form prescribed
by the Judicial Council.
(b) The petition shall be signed under oath by both the hu*****and
and the wife, and shall include all of the following:
(1) A statement that as of the date of the filing of the joint
petition all of the conditions set forth in Section 2400 have been
met.
(2) The mailing address of both the hu*****and and the wife.
(3) A statement whether or not the wife elects to have her maiden
or former name restored, and, if so, the name to be restored.



2402. (a) At any time before the filing of application for judgment
pursuant to Section 2403, either party to the marriage may revoke
the joint petition and thereby terminate the summary dissolution
proceeding filed pursuant to this chapter.
(b) The revocation shall be effected by filing with the clerk of
the court where the proceeding was commenced a notice of revocation
in such form and content as shall be prescribed by the Judicial
Council.
(c) The revoking party shall send a copy of the notice of
revocation to the other party by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
at the other party's last known address.



2403. When six months have expired from the date of the filing of
the joint petition for summary dissolution, the court may, upon
application of either party, enter the judgment dissolving the
marriage. The judgment restores to the parties the status of single
persons, and either party may marry after the entry of the judgment.
The clerk shall send a notice of entry of judgment to each of the
parties at the party's last known address.



2404. Entry of the judgment pursuant to Section 2403 constitutes:
(a) A final adjudication of the rights and obligations of the
parties with respect to the status of the marriage and property
rights.
(b) A waiver of their respective rights to spousal support, rights
to appeal, and rights to move for a new trial.




2405. (a) Entry of the judgment pursuant to Section 2403 does not
prejudice nor bar the rights of either of the parties to institute an
action to set aside the judgment for fraud, duress, accident,
mistake, or other grounds recognized at law or in equity or to make a
motion pursuant to Section 473 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(b) The court shall set aside a judgment entered pursuant to
Section 2403 regarding all matters except the status of the marriage,
upon proof that the parties did not meet the requirements of Section
2400 at the time the petition was filed.



2406. (a) Each superior court shall make available a brochure, the
contents and form of which shall be prescribed by the Judicial
Council, describing the requirements, nature, and effect of
proceedings under this chapter. The brochure shall be printed and
distributed by the Judicial Council in both English and Spanish.
(b) The brochure shall state, in nontechnical language, all the
following:
(1) It is in the best interests of the parties to consult an
attorney regarding the dissolution of their marriage. The services
of an attorney may be obtained through lawyer referral services,
group or prepaid legal services, or legal aid organizations.
(2) The parties should not rely exclusively on this brochure which
is not intended as a guide for self-representation in proceedings
under this chapter.
(3) A concise summary of the provisions and procedures of this
chapter and Sections 2320 and 2322 and Sections 2339 to 2344,
inclusive.
(4) The nature of services of the conciliation court, where
available.
(5) Neither party to the marriage can in the future obtain spousal
support from the other.
(6) A statement in boldface type to the effect that upon entry of
the judgment, the rights and obligations of the parties to the
marriage with respect to the marriage, including property and spousal
support rights, will be permanently adjudicated without right of
appeal, except that neither party will be barred from instituting an
action to set aside the judgment for fraud, duress, accident,
mistake, or other grounds at law or in equity, or to make a motion
pursuant to Section 473 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
(7) The parties to the marriage retain the status of married
persons and cannot remarry until the judgment dissolving the marriage
is entered.
(8) Other matters as the Judicial Council considers appropriate.

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