https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/justiciability
Justiciability refers to the types of matters that a court can adjudicate. If a case is "nonjusticiable," then the court cannot hear it. Typically to be justiciable, the court must not be offering an advisory opinion, the plaintiff must have standing, and the issues must be ripe but neither moot nor violative of the political question doctrine. Typically, these issues are all up to the discreion of the court which is adjudicating the issue.
1. Standing refers to the capacity of a plaintiff to bring suit in court.
Typically, the plaintiff must have suffered an actual harm by the defendant, and the harm must be redressable.
2. Ripeness
A claim is ripe when the facts of the case have matured into an actual controversy. A case is not ripe if the harm to the plaintiff has not yet occurred.
3. Mootness
A claim is moot if the relevant issues have already been resolved.
Political Question Doctrine
Under the political question doctrine, a court will refuse to hear a case if the relevant issues are politically charged.
