中美稅收協定 (中英文對照)Link:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4dae264e0100uhik.html
一、協定
中華人民共和國政府和美利堅合眾國政府,願意締結關於對所得避免雙重征稅和防止偷漏稅的協定,達成協議如下:
The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People's Republic of China, Desiring to conclude an Agreement for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion with respect to taxes on income, Have agreed as follows:
這一條就是說協定應該是針對中美兩國都負有納稅義務者。假如隻被中國或美國一方征稅者,就在一方納稅好了,無需這個協定。
有一個重要名詞:居民 Residence。幾乎所有條款都與這個名詞有關。
第四條ARTICLE 4 (Residence)
一、本協定中“締約國一方居民”一語是指按照該締約國法律,由於住所、居所、總機構、注冊所在地,或者其它類似的標準,在該締約國負有納稅義務的人。
1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term "resident of a Contracting State" means any person who, under the laws of that Contracting State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of head office, place of incorporation or any other criterion of a similar nature.
這一條定義了居民,具體說是“締約國一方居民” ("resident of a Contracting State" )是指在該締約國負有納稅義務的人。也就是說,不僅你是哪國公民或者居民,隻要你在這一國負有納稅義務,你就是這“締約國一方居民” ("resident of a Contracting State" )。
根據上麵總綱,協定是針對兩國都負有納稅義務者而締結。那麽針對的一定是兩國的“締約國一方居民” ("resident of a Contracting State" )。也叫”締約國雙方居民“(“resident of both Contracting States”)。
協定條文都是針對“締約國一方居民” ("resident of a Contracting State" )而寫。那麽這些”締約國雙方居民“(“resident of both Contracting States”)到底怎麽來確定為哪一方“締約國一方居民” ("resident of a Contracting State" )呢?
二、由於第一款的規定,同時為締約國雙方居民的個人,雙方主管當局應協商確定該人為本協定中締約國一方的居民。
2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall determine through consultations the Contracting State of which that individual shall be deemed to be a resident for the purposes of this Agreement.
說了半天,定了N多條對“締約國一方居民” ("resident of a Contracting State" )的優惠政策,適用於協定的人員到底屬於哪一方“締約國一方居民” ("resident of a Contracting State" )還得要雙方主管當局協商確定。這雙方主管當局是誰?
(九)“主管當局”一語,在中華人民共和國方麵是指財政部或其授權的代表;在美利堅合眾國方麵是指財政部長或其授權代表。
(I) the term "competent authority" means (I) in the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Finance or its authorized representative; and (ii) in the United States of America, the Secretary of the Treasury or his authorized representative.
也就是說,樓下一個拿美國綠卡,在中國賺了點錢的P民,想要引用中美稅收協定 。但是,自己到底適用中國的“締約國一方居民”,還是US“resident of a Contracting State",還得中美兩國財長或其代表來協商確定。
這中美兩國財長或其代表一定協商了良久才簽署了這個協定,當這個協定落實到個人的時候,他們雙方還得再挨個地重新協商?
假如我的理解沒錯的話,這樣的協定在實際操作中有什麽用?