First of all, I feel very sorry for your situation.
It sounds like you have low position rectal cancer. The operation keeps your anus but it may leave too few rectus for stapling, which might cause your anastomotic leakage due to high tension. It is always a dilemma in this situation. To prevent the recurrence of cancer, a doctor wants to remove cancer and the surrounding tissue as much as possible. But to allow patients to have a near-normal life, a doctor will try to keep the annus. It seems that there is no concensus on how much normal rectus surrounding the cancer should be removed, in particular, when the preservation of annus is under consideration. Therefore, you should have very strong evidence showing that your doctor remove too many in your case. Get the distance between the cancer margin and annus from rectoscopic diagnosis and operation deion and keep the original copies.
The anastomotic leakage is a quite common complication for the gastroenteric surgery. Patients usually will be asked to sign a document showing that patients are informed of the surgical risks and possible complications. So doctors will not take responsibilities unless an obvious mistake is found. Don't know whether you signed this kind of documents or not. I know it is a routine in China. I think it will be the same case here.
Personally, I do not feel it is a strong case. Sorry to tell you this. But I am not an expert here. If you can not find an independent expert here, you might try demestic experts. Their opinion might not be able to be used in US court, but at least you have some ideas the possibility of winning the case.
In any case, be optimistic. You can get used to any kind of life style. Good luck.