For your current situation, you can not transfer to another J1 in the states since your old one has been terminated.
One strategy is that you can submit an application of B1 visa and get some additional time to live in the states. During the time of B1 visa pending, you are still at legal status, and you can try to find another supervisor. For your new J1 visa, I think you have to go to third country like Canada to get it in the US embassy.