計劃生育難民,越南船民 are bad examples here because the procedures are different.
計劃生育難民 go through assylum,
越南船民 type 1: who got refugee status in a camp, entering US as refugees.
越南船民 type 2: who had waited in any East Asia camp (such as in Malaysia, HK, Taiwan,..) since early 1980s until 1990, get paroled into US as parolees.