What are cortisol,adrenalin, orexin

what are cortisol,adrenalin, orexin:

1. Cortisol: Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which are located at the top of your kidneys. It is often referred to as the "stress hormone" because its levels increase when your body is under physical or psychological stress. However, cortisol serves many other important functions beyond stress response. For instance, it helps regulate your body's metabolism, reduce inflammation, and assist with memory formulation. It also has a vital role in the body's sleep-wake cycle.

2. Adrenaline (also known as epinephrine): Adrenaline is a hormone produced in the adrenal glands and some neurons in the brain. It plays a crucial role in the body's fight-or-flight response. When you perceive a threatening or exciting situation, your body releases adrenaline into your bloodstream, which causes your heart rate to increase, your pupils to dilate, and your airway to open up. This prepares your body to react quickly to the situation, whether that means running away or facing it head-on.

3. Orexin (also known as hypocretin): Orexin is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. It's produced in the hypothalamus, an area of your brain that's involved in many functions, including sleep and hunger. People who have narcolepsy, a condition characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep, often have a deficiency in orexin. This is because the neurons that produce orexin in their brains have been damaged or destroyed.

Each of these hormones plays an essential role in maintaining your body's equilibrium, or homeostasis. They are part of a complex system that responds to both internal and external environmental changes.

 

1. Cortisol（皮質醇）：皮質醇是由位於腎上腺的腎上腺皮質所產生的類固醇激素。它常被稱為 "壓力荷爾蒙"，因為當你的身體處於物理或心理壓力下時，皮質醇的水平會增加。然而，皮質醇除了應對壓力外，還有許多其他重要的功能。例如，它幫助調節你的身體的新陳代謝，減少炎症，並協助記憶的形成。它在身體的睡眠-覺醒周期中也起著重要的作用。

2. Adrenaline（腎上腺素）：腎上腺素是在腎上腺和大腦中的一些神經元中產生的一種激素。它在體內的應激反應中起著關鍵的作用。當你感覺到一個威脅或興奮的情況時，你的身體會將腎上腺素釋放到你的血液中，這會導致你的心率加快，瞳孔擴大，氣道打開。這使你的身體能快速地對情況做出反應，無論是逃跑還是直麵。

3. Orexin（促醒素）：促醒素是一種調節覺醒、清醒和食欲的神經肽。它在下丘腦中產生，下丘腦涉及到許多功能，包括睡眠和饑餓。那些患有嗜睡症的人（一種以過度的日間嗜睡和突然發作的睡眠為特征的病症），通常促醒素會缺乏。這是因為他們大腦中產生促醒素的神經元已經被破壞或者毀滅。

每一種荷爾蒙都在維持你體內的平衡，或者說體內環境的穩態中起著重要的作用。他們是一個複雜係統的一部分，可以響應內部和外部環境的變化。