特立獨行
真理在開始的時候隻掌握在少數人手中，往往是在一個人手中，但卻對大多數人有重大的影響。
五、還有一條大魚——美國憲法草案
我已經講了通訊、交通、城市建設這些萬億美元級的顛覆性創新，還有一個萬億美元級別的創新，這個不是顛覆一個行業，而是顛覆美國社會，顛覆人類文明，體現在美國憲法草案（附在文後）。
不要低估了國家組織結構的價值，發達國家與發展中國家的差別除了技術以外，很大程度上是組織結構。
如果說大多數人對前麵的那些創新有懷疑，對顛覆美國社會的創新更加覺得匪夷所思。美國是自由社會的燈塔，你要顛覆它？我要說的就是美國的問題是組織結構問題，與川普還是拜登當總統關係不太大，隻有修憲才能從根本上解決問題，否則美國將分裂瓦解。修憲成功後，經過短暫的痛苦，美國將繼續引領世界100年。
前幾天，戈爾巴喬夫去世，有人說他導致了蘇聯的崩潰。蘇聯的崩潰是以前所有錯誤的累積結果，早在赫魯曉夫時期，就有人指出了必須改革計劃經濟體製，否則將崩潰。拖的時間越長，以後的崩潰越慘。戈爾巴喬夫的貢獻是和平的解體，而不是戰亂，不然的話情況更糟糕。一個現存的製度，即使人們意識到其問題，也有很大的阻力去麵對改革的陣痛，而當權者可能還不願放棄眼前的利益。
簡單地說，人類從漫長的農業文明（鄉村文明）進入工業文明（城市文明）的時間很短，也就是大約三百年，還沒來得及形成穩定的組織結構，而農業文明的觀念滲透到語言文化習慣等各方麵。比如，中國2010年城市人口才超過農業人口，所以絕大多數中國人還是農業文明意識。自古皆行秦政製，就是說中國農業文明的結構在秦朝的時候穩定了下來。
美國憲法製定時，美國基本上是一個農業社會，雖然從英國吸取了一些先進觀念，還是未能預見今天的工業社會的發展，憲法過時了。因為美國的工業文明領先於世界，所以率先遇到這個問題。我從係統的角度，分析得出工業文明的合理組織結構，提出了美國憲法草案。這個工作是2019年完成的，我已經送給一些憲法學者參考，可以作為所有工業文明國家借鑒（比如歐盟），從而進入持續的世界和平與繁榮。有興趣的讀者可以參看比較美國頂級憲法學者在2020年製定的美國憲法草案，鏈接如下：
https://constitutioncenter.org/news-debate/special-projects/constitution-drafting-project
我的憲法草案的主要特點是以城市為中心，城市文明當然是以城市為中心。以城市為中心的組織結構是一個扁平結構，聯邦和州對應於幾千個城市。重新定義了公民，也就是市民（citizen）。眾議員每個城市都有一名代表，取代了現在的那種被操縱的分區。城市為重，州和聯邦為輕，這個與農業文明是反過來的，農業文明當然是皇帝最重要。州和國家領導人不需要特別的安保措施。目前的籌集資金競選的方式將視為非法，任何侯選人不得接受任何政治捐款。
農業文明的擴張通常是靠戰爭，而工業文明的擴張是靠選舉投票。州可以加入聯邦，也可以退出聯邦，就像婚姻，有結婚機製也有離婚機製，這個提供了一個持續和平的機製。美國從二十世紀開始，打下來的地盤還是要經過選舉，比如菲律賓就沒有選擇加入美國。
我從1980年開始就對憲法感興趣，在考慮城市建設時又自然地回到憲法。
工業文明的幾個重要事件：
1500-1900，殖民主義。現在是落後的觀念。
1600至今，工業化和城市化。始於英國。
1648， treaty of Westphalia，民族國家。現在是落後的觀念。
1688，英國光榮革命，君主立憲製，權利法案。
1787，美國憲法。沒有皇帝，沒有民族。
美國憲法草案內容：
第一條，公民，既不是出生地也不是血統，而是文化熏陶時間（12年）。引入副公民概念。
第二條，權利法案，保留了原權利法案大部分內容。
第三條，州（國家），可以加入也可以退出聯邦。
第四條，國會。參議員每州從兩個人減到一個人，任期不超過兩屆。眾議員大幅增加到幾千人，每個城市一人且呆在原址，任期一屆，票數等於公民人數。引入了法律框架（interface）的概念。
第五條，總統。參議院提候選人，眾議院選舉。不超過兩屆。
第六條，最高法院。減為七人，到期退休，三人審案。
第七條，例外和修訂。引入了throw- catch程序。
下一篇也最後一篇，我將探討重大技術創新之路，重大技術創新的重要性大多數人都意識到了，但怎樣做才是有效呢？
附：美國憲法草案
A Proposal for the Constitution of the United States
We, the citizens of the United States of America, in order to protect liberty, uphold justice, and provide public services, establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
1 Citizenship.
1.1 A child born to a parent with a citizenship of the United States shall be an associate citizen, if in residence in the United States, shall become a citizen at the age of eighteen years.
1.2 A legal alien shall be eligible to become an associate citizen after working in the United States for six years, or in residence for nine years. An associate citizen shall be eligible to become a citizen after working in the United States for six years, or in residence for nine years.
2 Bill of Rights.
2.1 The Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
2.2 A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
2.3 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the places to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
2.4 No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
2.5 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed; which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
2.6 In suits at common law, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
2.7 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
3 State.
3.1 A state shall join or exit the United States with (a) three quarters of the popular votes of the state, and (b) three quarters of the votes of the Congress.
4 Congress.
4.1 All legislative power shall be vested in a congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a Group of Representatives. No members of the Congress shall be appointed to any civil office of the United States.
4.2 The Group of Representatives shall be composed of one representative from each city or district, elected by its citizens, for a single term of two years. A representative shall have a number of votes equal to the number of citizens in the city or district. A representative shall be a citizen for more than twelve years, and a resident of the city or district for more than six years.
4.3 The Group of Representatives shall have the sole power of election, confirmation, and impeachment of the President, approval of interfaces, approval of taxes, and approval of the declaration of war.
4.4 The Senate shall be composed of one senator from each state, for a term of six years. Each senator shall have one vote. A senator shall serve no more than two terms. A senator shall be a citizen for more than twenty-four years and a resident of the state for more than six years. The terms of the senators shall be arranged in such a way that about one third shall be replaced every second year. The Senate shall choose candidates, elected from each state by the representatives of the state, to have a fair coverage of all relevant expertise.
4.5 The Senate shall have the power to initiate interfaces, supervise the operation of the government, select judges of the Supreme Court, and conduct the trial of an impeachment.
4.6 All bills on issues shall pass by three quarters of the votes. All decisions on personnel selection shall pass by one half of the votes.
5 President.
5.1 The executive power shall be vested in the President of the United States. The Senate shall screen candidates for the President for qualifications, and the President shall be elected by the Group of Representatives for a term of four years, and can be confirmed by the Group of Representatives for a second term. The President shall be a citizen for more than twenty-four years.
5.2 The President shall be commander in chief of the armed forces of the United States.
5.3 The President shall have the power to implement the interfaces and organize the government departments, with the advice and consent of the Senate for the appointment of cabinet members.
5.4 The President shall present a written annual report of the state of the union to the Congress.
5.5 The President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of high crimes.
6 Supreme Court.
6.1 The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in lower courts as the Congress may establish.
6.2 The Supreme Court shall be composed of seven judges, appointed by the Senate for a life term until the age of seventy-eight years. A judge of the Supreme Court shall be a citizen for more than twenty-four years.
6.3 The Supreme Court shall maintain the consistency of the Constitution, the interfaces, and laws. Three judges shall hear a case.
7 Exceptions and Amendment.
7.1 Each government branch shall catch exceptions thrown inside its branch. Congress shall catch all exceptions not otherwise handled. The President shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States except in case of impeachment.
