中國新詩的困境 BY 袁紅冰 (轉貼自紫影M的轉貼:)
古中華文化聖殿中,詩乃至尊之王者;詩意凋殘了,古中華文化曠古絕今之神韻便黯然湮滅。
敢問詩為何物,可醉倒萬世之英雄美女,百代之才子佳人?對此問,我試答之。
人是心靈的存在形式。如果說理性為心靈之智的根據,情感則是心靈之美的源泉。詩,正是情感為自己創造的豐饒人性之美而沉醉起舞的狀態――詩,就是美情感的舞姿。
那些情感豐饒的心靈承載者,或危坐於高崖之上,或狂走於暴風驟雨之中,或流連於花間月下,或惆悵於綿綿陰雨,或漫步於蒼茫原野之間,或徘徊於金風黃葉之時,或俯首佇立於大江之畔,或憑崖踞石於怒海之邊,或迎風踏雪尋月,或披寒戴霜看梅,縱美酒以放浪形骸,向天地詠誦百種歡躍,千般哀愁,萬類愛恨,而感天動地之詩由此如衝決地平線的雲海霧濤,浩蕩於宇宙之間。
詩於文的區別,在於文可讀,而詩必吟誦。吟誦較讀,要求音韻更趨近藝術。因此,詩又是音韻的藝術。無音韻,便無詩;無音韻之美,便不配稱為詩。當然,音韻隻是詩,這情感之舞姿的霓裳羽衣;舞姿之魂,還應數情感意境之美。
吟誦難以表達極致之情,於是乎繼之以歌,詞由此而生。由吟誦達於歌,音韻更富藝術之魅力。不過縱覽古中華詩與詞,就心靈意境而言,似乎詩又高於詞。這隻是感覺之言,不足為論證詩與詞高下之據。其實,詩與詞雖風格各異,卻又珠聯璧合。我早以把詞歸於大“詩”的範疇。
至於元曲,則已進入戲劇之領域。雖不能說其與詩詞無關,但畢竟分屬不同藝術王國。因之,論詩之文可不涉及。
清朝末年國運傾頹,當時雖不乏慷慨悲歌、救亡圖存之士,但是,對中華文化的信心卻隨國運一起崩潰。
人類的曆史本質上是文化史;民族命運的失敗本質上是民族文化的失敗。不過,近代中國失敗的文化原因究竟何在,直至今日也少有中國文人願意靜下古井不波之心,真正研究之。相反,在躁動、茫然,甚至輕浮的民族文化大失敗的情緒背景下,徹底訣別中華文化,全麵擁抱西方文化,蔚然成為時代之風尚。
應當對中國近代墮落負責的,本是中國的政治文化。然而,中國知識分子卻對整個中華文化喪失了信心。結果中國大不幸,引進了西方文化中最壞的一種――馬克思主義,失去的乃是中國的文化之魂。
在民族文化失敗主義的西風黃葉之下,中華古詩詞絕世之美香消玉殞。當時有淺薄的文人欲以新詩代之,他們現把西洋詩翻成中文,按長短句式排列,然後以此為中國新詩的形式之範。這種失魂落魄的模仿,不僅閹割了西洋詩原有的音韻之美,也使中國新詩從出生之日就沒有獲得雜交優勢。
專功模仿並喪失了創造自信的心靈,不可能成為偉大文學之源。中國新詩的命運正論證著這個結論。中國新詩從情感的意境到表現的形式都處於困境之中。姑且不論情感意境,僅就形式而言,新詩近百年,早已凋殘了少女的春紅,卻仍未能為自己找到可以身相許的音韻之美。
並非將文裁成長短句即可成為詩。文之為詩,必有音韻美,可吟誦,甚或可謳歌。中國新詩,既無龍吟虎嘯之音,亦無暗香渡柳之韻,更遑論大漢鐵板,紅顏牙板之律。
我有言,詩為情感之舞姿。若如是,音韻則為情感舞姿之霓裳羽衣。中國新詩沒有配稱為詩的音韻之美,情感的舞姿被命運剝去霓裳羽衣,如何能馭長風萬裏,起舞翩翩!素有國色天香之譽的中國詩,現被近現代文人冠以“新”字,成為新詩,其“新”竟在於詩隻能跳裸體之舞。思想至此,良足悲矣。
文學史與人類控馭自然能力史的軌跡不同。後者整體間是循一條向上的路進展;文學史則並非如此――古代可能有奇峰突起,現代亦可能墮入萬丈深淵。但有尖酸之腐儒鑿鑿論證,中國文學在先秦已達不可逾越之巔,現代中國文學的衰落是不可回避之宿命。此乃無智無能之輩,無知無識之徒的一大荒謬。
喜劇永遠達不到悲劇的魅力,因為悲劇更接近人性。而悲劇總與苦難同在;苦難是熔鑄悲劇藝術的金礦――這說起來有些殘酷,但至美的深處,總有一抹殘酷的笑容不經意間飄忽而過。
暴政之下,人性苦難如血海淚濤;情感痛楚似火裂白骨。暴政萬惡,唯有一善:創造了人性苦難的同時,暴政也創造了中國現代文學藝術之金礦。現代中國能否產生偉大的著作、宏麗的史詩,已不缺少人性苦難的素材,端賴有無中華好兒女以心為筆,以血為墨,書寫關於自由人性的詩意。
中國最多的是人――卑俗的動物性的人;最少的也是人――充滿詩意的高貴心靈。
且看中國千萬官辦學者禦用文人,或趨炎附勢於官場,或皓首窮經於書齋,他們眼中哪有半分詩情,他們胸中哪有一絲高山流水之雅意。他們的生命就如一座座焚屍爐,燃燒的唯有騰騰物欲,被焚毀的則是人性中對藝術之美的向往。
誠然,亦有麟毛鳳角之自由寫作者,靈感天成,創造出一些值得藏之於金冊的詩句。不過,那畢竟隻是茶杯裏的風暴,決然無法形成猶如中華古詩詞磅礴千萬裏的文化大潮,甚至也根本沒有能力預言那種文化大潮。之所以如此,全在於中國現代詩人心靈之意境難以達到詩的高貴。
詩有冰清玉潔之質,她隻會委身於聖潔的心靈。汙跡斑斑的凡俗之心,萬難企及詩之至美。今之自由寫作者,雖不願做專製之精神奴隸,但其中許多人卻無法掙脫虛榮和俗譽的羈絆。為得世俗浮名,竟達心機百端,寢食難安,憔悴如朽木之境。此類文人或結黨以貶損他人,或朋比以互相吹捧;其心中對世俗虛名的渴望超過對詩意之美的忠誠。他們不懂一個基本的真理:在專製的中國,同自由人性一致的偉大作品向來是在,也隻能是在曆史深情的回顧中被肯定。此類俗物中,更有不堪者,竟把北歐小國,由一群全然不知中華文化為何物之委員決定的文學獎,視為聖物,以至於有人為之如醉如癡,似瘋似癲,積怨成心疾,積思成心癆。
心境如此,夫複何言。如此俗氣熏天之心,怎可做詩的棲息之所。情由心生。心在庸人意識中腐爛了,情感就變得肮髒。而詩意隻會把藝術之美的夢境送給聖潔的情操。
“對我詩的世俗的獎賞,就是對我高貴心靈的侮辱,就是對我創造的藝術之美的褻瀆。因為,詩之美,是燃燒在永恒和無限之巔的聖火,她超越一切世俗的獎賞。”――當現代中國詩人能高傲地向曆史這樣宣誓時,中國新詩或許才會有希望成為偉大的藝術。
我於弱冠之際,便立於高山之巔,向蒼天和大地泣血名誌:此生定將讓美麗人性的苦難升華為自由的哲理和人性的史詩。其後三十餘年,遍曆苦難,超越生死,終成文學巨著四部,英雄人格哲學三卷。
把酒臨風,撫書長嘯,自謂可以萬古不朽――不是我的生命不朽,也不是我的靈魂不朽,我平生隻願生命最終被埋葬在金色的火焰之中,讓我的靈魂隨金焰化為飛灰,托荒野上漫遊萬裏的風,將心靈之灰一縷送往無人的天際,送進深紫如夢的落日――而是峻峭的人性苦難,已被我的心靈雕刻成萬古不朽的藝術品。我不知道中國未來如何;我亦不知命運是否要用中國為暴政殉葬。但我相信,無論中國命運怎樣,我的作品都將為我終生苦戀的中華文化,贏得幾許曆史的尊敬。
文學創作是我的天職;天職已盡,應當死去。即便明日便有萬裏飛電,劃破無垠蒼穹,降天雷降我殛死,我自己亦了無遺憾。唯一不能忘情之處隻在於,未見中國新詩成一絕代佳人。
現代中國詩藝術的複興,已不可循複古之路。古中華,詩才天縱、詩意錦繡之奇才,雲蒸霞蔚。一代代詩人嘔心瀝血,刻骨銘心,終成就人類文化史之大美。中華古詩詞實可謂已臻化境。在其自身的藝術形式範疇內,古詩詞的詩意美已再沒有發展自己的餘地,因為,親吻過無限的美――古詩詞詩意之美已窮盡了無限,隻有對過去的懷戀,沒有對未來的追求。不能達到無限者,隻好黯然神傷地湮滅於虛無;窮盡無限者則應當輝煌地訣別命運。輝煌的訣別本應意味著另一種藝術熱戀的創生,隻不過中國近代國運不濟,古中華詩詞的墓碑竟是立在文化失敗主義的萬裏蕭索之上。
中國新詩唯有以天啟的創造,方能找到隻屬於她的藝術之靈,方能開拓出供天馬行空的萬裏雲海。然而,成至美之事業,當需卓而不凡之俊傑。中國新詩的困境正呼喚現代詩聖。
具備何等素質,方有可能成為詩聖?一曰詩意豐饒、燦若朝霞之情;二曰狂放飄逸、出塵脫俗之心;三曰深諳音律、敏感如弦之靈。
我有詩意如霞之情,當不必懷疑。想當年第一本哲學著作在北京大學問世,學生便稱為詩人哲學家之作;此次流亡海外,四本小說出版後,一讀者為我數百萬言小說作一句評――“袁紅冰的眼睛:詩的棲息處”。
我亦有狂放飄逸、出塵脫俗之心。我的靈魂本就是起自於內蒙古高原的一縷清風,生來便向往形而上的自由;庸人俗物的追求,從不在我隻注視萬裏藍天的視野之內。
唯於音韻一事,我無大靈性。雖自少年時,便常與蒙古女兒縱酒痛飲,狂歌醉舞,但詩之音韻律法乃大藝術,非有天啟,不足以大成。唯能使流逝的時間都頹然醉倒,為之流連的音韻美,方配作“美情感舞姿”的霓裳羽衣。隻因此,我不敢問詩聖事。但不知,茫茫人海之間,還能否有敢問之人。
人世間千苦萬苦,最苦莫過於中國自由寫作者的心靈之苦;人世間千難萬難,最難莫過於自由寫作者的創作之難。對於中國的自由寫作者,文學創作就是苦難而神聖的事業。因此,凡願承受神聖的艱難者,方可問詩聖之事。
近日夜半更深,風急雨冷之際,常聽門外有中國新詩之孤魂,如蒲鬆齡筆下善良之狐精,纖弱之豔鬼,喁喁而泣,似若求助。不禁悲難自已,故成此文。
隻可惜我之情已獻於小說、哲學,或許還有法學。真摯之愛乃艱難;對藝術之愛更是艱難至極。數十年艱難,我心已成頑石,不配再愛新詩妖嬈之魂。唯有同之垂淚而已。
不過,想到尚有海子、楊春光等願以生命殉詩的至情至性之人,淚盡之處,似乎看到晨光一抹,如血如詩。
(袁紅冰:中國流亡作家、法學家,著有《自由在落日中》、《文殤》、《金色的聖山》、《回歸荒涼》、《英雄人格哲學》、《法的精神漫談》、《民主與共和》等著作。這些書,在 http://www.fireofliberty.org 上都能找到。)
好詩需要感情,也需要理智。把隻有感情而理智淺薄的詩當做好詩是個誤區。
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Reading 袁紅冰, and my concurrent thoughts last 3 months
BY 博弈 於 2006-04-04 09:17:41
如果一個文化不能用當代的語言創造當代的詩,那是很悲哀的。
讀 中國新詩的困境-袁紅冰 感。
Recently I studied more of China. I come to realize one simple fact I should have known. Confucius doctrine was not taught much in China. It forms the basic cultural ingredient of Chinese History, if not as the most important one. A friend told me her brother married a 26 year old Chinese woman and before long, the lying and tricks were beyond imagination. She described her experience with this girl from China as: cruel, material and selfish, worst of all, no way to communicate. Of course, one example does not represent all, but it is very common by many's experiences. My friend is a highly moral, traditional girl working as a teacher in Taiwan. She said, in Taiwan, schools still value tradition Chinese virtues. Philosophy forms the basic belief of life and ways for comprehension of things around entities. I told her, what she saw was consequences of an education of different Chinese land governed by communism and post Cultural Revolution generations. This generation is self-centric in mind process, for they have not seen other ways, the ones studying abroad are starting to expose to different life styles now. They are not at fault; Mao is at fault as the root, for he destroyed Chinese Culture for political cause.
For her story, I wrote a sarcastic verse;
Love-Made in China
Like many things
Counterfeit with
No Replacement
(PS. Some company wanted to get patent of the name "Not made in China". That's a strong signal!)
Looking at Singapore, Korea and Japan, or Chinese in States, if not Taiwan, these places are more cordial and respectful simply because these countries or people still keep some tradition culture and mix it well with modern wisdom and philosophy. They still carry some Confucius doctrine in family value or social orders. It is also easier for people of the similar culture to understand each other. Lots of misunderstanding and miscommunication are incurred between Mainland Chinese and citizens in these countries due to the basic difference of inheritance of cultural heritage. The new China is really a different species in terms of culture.
While staying in Beijing, one may think it is very ‘cultural,’ look deeper you will see all the cultural things one admires are from the past, the new Chinese adopted them for economic incentives, money is the key, as long as it makes money or foreigners buy it, they will put on new make-up and present them as a cultural package. Do they understand or believe in it? You will be shocked to find out.
I began to believe more and more, sooner or later, Chinese in Mainland China would start to re-examine the culture essence issue and conflicts with the past changes.
My definition of China is a cultural one, not a political one. Management can change and changes every 200 years of so in Chinese history; culture is the thread and the root differentiates Chinese from the world, if you cut it or throw it away, it is no longer China or Chinese.
I still enjoy the leftover and aftermath of Cultural Revolution (what a brave name) in mainland, however I need to dig deeper to appreciate the essence. I hope people there start to look for good old virtues from the long history. As long as it is good, keep it, don’t throw it away simply because it is old or for revolution causes. Teach your children well so they win respect! Citizens are like sheep, the governor is like a shepherd; lead them to the right way. People mess is the most valuable asset of China; the management used them to attract foreign investments, boasting the concept of capitalistic scale of economy. A society needs independent thinkers, brainwashing slows civil evolution. Revolution is not the right way; evolution is, when it comes to culture. A regime, a different story then.
Right now, from high rank government officials to street vendors, when sun comes up, they wake up with the same thought: how to make more money in the shortest way! I hope to find some with independent thinking, liberated thinking, from within China.
To Mao and current China, I wrote in my diary;
China
The ghost of Mao lingers
Walking with Marxism in my vast land
He grins in the clouds
People brain-washed, blindly loyal to motherland where
The ways things are, ha, not the ways things were
Never think it is traditional because of its name
China
Newer generations shrug nonsense that they are selfish
The world owes them, every behavior is justified
Who is the teacher behind this grand plot to alter Chinese genes?
The humanity cut off from the roots
Missing links never explained as the old deceased, however;
The genes remain the same to deceive the other Chinese sheeps
Where do I find decent Chinese these days?
Anywhere but in China, excuse my honesty
Yet they are suffered in subtle pains
Bearing the side effect of mainland Chinese
The burden of a brand name is on every one’s forehead
Until one shows personality of a kind to distinguish
Borrow the Chinese characters
Breed a different species
Tell them this is the New China
But my father told me: NO, not!
Can a more culture centered China exist?
Never equate the system with Chinese because of its name
China
說起來也真不好意思,見識淺薄,從你的ZT裏才略知袁紅冰其人其文. 貼到此處, 也是因為文章中透出的激情,精神和振奮, 也不失一定的道理. 至於其他,例如作者自身的背景和理念等等,不作追究也不作褒貶之評. 因為與我們需要關心的詩詞本身沒有多大聯係.
隻要從中能吸收到一定的養分,能引發出一番思考,就是有所裨益,慶幸不已了.應該著眼的,是詩詞,是文化,是出路,是前景,若隻著眼於一點某個人的對錯,則難免糾纏於無關緊要的細節,難免更趨迷失.
個人愚見,見笑了. MM你若有空,也請多發表一下意見/作品,多多批評,多多交流. 就怕我這園地狹小空間有限,委屈了MM :) 見諒啊. :)