一部傑出的現實主義作品

我將在此博客上連續登載我的百篇---《毛澤東時期，中國社會的苦難與血腥》係列小說，在發表之前，很有必要向美國文友介紹一下我自己！

 

張宗銘1945年6月出生於貴州省貴陽市,《女人土匪東洋狗》為作家的代表作,是中國第一部換位思考的作品,在國內引起強烈影響.作品已譯為英文，被語言學家及大學文學教授推薦,參加諾貝爾文學獎。...

更多請點擊作家網站：www.gzzzm.com.cn...

 

我是中國貴州作家張宗銘，我的係列長篇小說《女人土匪東洋狗》又名《女人和土匪》、《裸拜----傳教士和他的女兒》又名《遠山蒼茫》、《孤兒與革命家》及英文版本《女人土匪東洋狗》、《傳教士和他的女兒》… …用鮮活的人物形象，再現了中國社會三十年代起至文化大革命運動期間，毛澤東路線對地主、起義將領、基督教徒、兵匪、傳教士、另類人群的殘酷迫害與血腥……是當代中國獨有的一部希望共產黨人徹底放棄暴力、興民主法治、進行反省的現實主義作品！

自從長篇小說《女人土匪東洋狗》以叢書方式，由中國文聯出版社（違規）出版（1000冊）後，作品在大陸立即引起轟動，但又立即遭受封殺。被國內各大媒體熱議、民間廣為傳播、影響深遠……連續被中文教授及語言學教授推薦，參加諾貝爾文學獎角逐！有關我的小說、言論、文學評論……正迅速在世界傳播！

在我的第一篇文章發表之前，我還是以曲沐教授的文學評論開場吧！往後在發文章時，我還會加入一些很有影響的評論文章！


（第一篇）傑出的現實主義作品

Outstanding Realist Works

文：曲 沐 教授

翻譯：肖唐金 博士、教授

QU Mu

Translated by Dr. & Prof. XIAO Tangjin

張宗銘 先生的《女人、土匪、東洋狗》、《裸拜 — 傳教士和他的女兒》、《孤兒與革命家》三部係列長篇小說，每一部小說看完後都使我非常震驚，使我的心靈為之震撼，心潮起伏，久久不能平靜。書中描寫的情景令人觸目驚心，唏噓縈懷，不由得想起南宋愛國詩人陸遊的一句名詩： “ 位卑未敢忘憂國 ” ，我覺得張宗銘先生的係列長篇小說，正可以用這句詩來概括它的思想性。作者地位雖然不高，普普通通的老百姓，工人出身的作家，在他的係列小說裏充滿了憂國憂民的愛國情懷，使我非常感動，很了不起，深深地打動了我的心靈，震撼了我的靈魂。

I am amazed at Mr. Zongming Zhang ’ s three long novels in series, namely Women, Bandits and the Japanese Dog, The Missionary and his Daughter, and The Orphan and the Revolutionary. The writing techniques and plots employed in his literary creations are impressive, which remind me of a famous line by Lu You, a patriotic poet of the South Song Dynasty: One should never care less about his country though in an inferior position. I think this saying embodies the theme and ideal of Mr. Zhang ’ s works. Though Mr. Zhang is a common citizen, he devotes much love to his nation and people. It is here where his nobility lies and strikes me deep in the soul.

小說以多層次、廣視角的建構方式，攝取共和國建國之初那段特定的曆史時期，特定的社會環境下的急風暴雨式的土地改革運動，清匪反霸運動 …… 在這種曆史背景下，作者熱情地謳歌解放，憎惡暴力；鞭韃醜惡，讚美愛情和友誼。對極左的人和事，刻畫的淋漓盡致，入木三分。作者以極大的熱忱，滿懷坌湧著的熱血情流，傾心關注著共和國的命運， “ 可以說，幾乎沒有哪位當代中國作家像張宗銘那樣，如此地關注人類共同的災難並對人的心理世界予以了如此深刻的洞察和揭示 ” （任海平）。小說映發著從未有過的對人性、人權、人格尊嚴的呼喚，對民主與法製的呼喚。小說所刻畫的各個階層的人物，都很成功，許多人物可悲可歎，可歌可泣。作者大聲疾呼： “ 一個統一的中國比分裂的中國更好，一個和平的民族比兵燹橫行的民族更好；能夠享受平靜安寧的民族比起在痛苦中呻吟的民族更偉大！ ” 這是作者可貴的良知、博大的胸懷在作品中的展現，使人為之感動。

Through a variety of layers and perspectives the novels depict the events of torrential land reform and fierce bandit purging in the early years of the People ’ s Republic of China. The author gives much credit to liberation, shows apathy to vices, and lauds love and friendship. In particular, the depiction of the extreme leftists is vivid, specific and fascinating. As a realist, Mr. Zhang shows much concern about the fate of the young republic. It follows that “ very few contemporary Chinese writers have expressed their concern about the human shared disasters and described human psychology profoundly in a way Mr. Zongming Zhang has (Ren Haiping). ” The novels call for the readers ’ attention to humanity, human rights, and human dignity as well as democracy and law. In addition, they are successful in shaping the people of all ranks and files, many of whom are either deplorable or laudable. The writer cries his voice out, “ A unified China is better than a divided China; a peaceful nation is better than a belligerent one; a nation that enjoys peace and tranquility is better than one that is plagued with pains and sorrows. ” This reveals his great consciousness and vision, which strike me profusely.

作者寫的解放初期那段特定的曆史生活，描寫的很動人。尤其那些極左的路線、極左的政策，極左的做法，寫的很深刻，那些極左的人物都刻畫得栩栩如生。土改使耕者有其田，廣大貧窮的農民分得了土地，但確存在一些極左的做法。書中描寫的貴州五十年代初期的土改，就表現了一些極左的做法。

The history and life of the early years of the republic are presented in an attractive way. In particular, the extreme leftists and their deeds described seem to have brought the past back to life. The land reform did benefit the poor, but there are some misdeeds involved in the process. The novels take Guizhou in the early 1950s as the setting, and give full expression to such a theme.

《女人、土匪、東洋狗》中的地主張雲長，就被活活地打死；貧苦人家出身的布依族姑娘戴敏，被張雲長摧殘折磨後又被打成地主婆，母子無法生活下去，流落街頭。我是山東人，山東的土改， 1945 年就開始了，那時強調 “ 耕者有其田 ” ，這是很好的。但到 1947 年就不同了，搞土改 “ 複查 ” 運動，上麵派了工作組，培養骨幹，重劃階級成分，凡是被劃成地主富農的一律進行殘酷鬥爭，無情打擊。所以說土改運動，是應該反思的！

Zhang Yunchang, a landlord in the novel of Women, Bandits and the Japanese Dog, was beaten to death. His wife, Zhang Min, who came from a poor Buyi family, suffered accordingly, for she was stigmatized as Landlady, and she and her sons had to beg from street to street for a living. I am from Shandong Province of China. The land reform of Shandong started in 1945. At that time, it was stressed that farmers should have land. I agree to this motto. Yet, beginning in 1947, the land reform seemed to go in a wrong direction. Work teams were assigned to the countryside, reform leaders were cultivated, classes were re-categorized, and those who were classified into the category of landlords or rich farmers were severely tortured and persecuted. In this sense, the land reform is worth re-assessing.

《女人、土匪、東洋狗》是我國第一部土改反思的小說。書中有些描寫，使人看了很難過，怵目驚心。比如寫的洪湖赤衛隊，我們過去都會唱那支歌，很優美，覺得那裏的人一定都很好、很善良，可是小說揭示出來的卻令人大吃一驚，原來洪湖赤衛隊是這樣殘酷，滅絕人性。它將租出幾畝地的農民都劃成地主，不僅無情打擊，而且在肉體上消滅他們。小說描寫了赤衛隊隊員對地主家庭 “ 見老捆老，見小捆小，見男捆男，見女捆女。離湖邊近的，將大大小小捆著的人，一個個地塞進草袋裏去，在草袋口吊塊石頭，丟在湖水裏。。。。。。睜大眼睛看著一個個蠕動的草袋，漸漸地沉入湖底！離岸遠的地主，由約十人組成的小分隊進去，不分青紅皂白地將人都捆綁了，一陣亂捅亂打，就近挖個坑將屍體掩埋了 …… 慘不忍睹。

Women, Bandits and the Japanese Dog is China ’ s first novel that calls for the readers to re-evaluate the land reform. Some of the events as described are sorrowful and shocking. For instance, the Honghu Lake Guerilla used to be as good as it is praised in a Chinese song in my mind. Nevertheless, the novel shocks me by depicting the cruelty and ferocity of some of its members. The guerilla claimed those to be landlords who rented some pockets of land to the others, and persecuted them physically and even eradicated them. In the novel readers can read as follows: “ The old, the young, the male, and the female were tied and bagged with stones attached below. They were pushed to the side of the lake and drowned in the water. The guerilla members just stared at the wriggling straw bags struggling on and on in the water until they were unseen. The landlords who lived far off the lake were tied by brigades of guerilla and clubbed to death, and they were buried in holes on the spot. What a horror! ”

小說裏的赤衛隊隊員劉禮靖認為，他最下不了手的，是對那些不諳世事的伢子和丫頭。有個赤衛隊員惡作劇地把一個沒有必要捆綁的、還在牙牙學語的丫頭交到了劉禮靖手上。在明晃晃的火把前，這個小丫頭還笑著 “ 嗬嗬嗬 ” 的與他說話。。。。。。這時，被捆綁著的丫頭的母親，不要命地從家中奔了出來，她跪在劉禮靖麵前，求著他： “ 二娃子，把我的丫頭還給我，就讓她。。。。。。和我一起上路吧！ ”

Mr. Liu Lijing, a guerilla member, was sympathetic to those boys and girls who were too young to understand things. Another guerilla member played a practical joke on Mr. Liu by tying a toddling girl and handing her over to him. Facing the bright torches, the little girl even greeted and spoke to him, though in broken words. At this time, her mother rushed out of her home fearlessly, and knelt down before him, pleading, “ Dear boy, just let her and me go west together! ”

劉禮靖望著這個頭上挨了幾棒的鮮血淋漓的女人，他歎了口氣，對這女人說道： “ 賴三嫂，那你就先進這草袋裏來吧，我把你的丫頭，和你裝在一個草袋裏。 ” 。。。。。。劉禮靖在草袋口栓石頭時，聽見母親對她的丫頭說： “ 丫頭乖乖，丫頭乖乖，丫頭和娘上路去了，上路去了。。。。。。 ” 伴隨著 “ 撲咚 ” 的一聲，小丫頭也 “ 哇 ” 的一聲，兩母女就沉入洪湖中去了。。。。。。劉禮靖的心像刀紮一樣的難受！他望著黑沉沉的夜空，發自良心的向天呼喚著： “ 老天嗬，這是 ‘ 革 ’ 的啥子卵 ‘ 命 ’ 嗬！ ” 看到這裏，令人潸然淚下 …… 劉禮靖就是在這樣的慘裂環境中弑父殺兄，從這裏背叛了革命的。

Liu cast a glance at the women whose head had been given heavy blows and was still bleeding, heaved a sigh, and replied, “ Madame Lai San, please enter the straw bag first, and I ’ ll tie you and your daughter in the same bag. ” While tying the straw bag with stones, Liu heard the mother speaking to the daughter, “ Dear baby, be cute, and go with me. Here we go! ” The bag with them inside plumped into the lake. He felt his heart being stabbed by a knife. Staring at the dark sky, he cried out his conscience, “ Damn, what a revolution it is! What a fucking revolution! ” The readers cannot help shedding their pitiful tears at this point. It is for such an experience that Liu killed his father and elder brother and betrayed the revolution.

另外，對於宗教，解放初期貴州施行的極左路線，也采取極端的做法。 張宗銘 先生的三部係列長篇小說，也可以說是中國第一部對宗教政策進行反思的作品。第一部《女人、土匪、東洋狗》裏，起義將領張雲軒的妻子唐維綺，是一個虔誠的基督徒，她執著、本分、美麗、善良，清查教會問題的公安幹部就是容不得她，天天喊去交代問題 …… 她想：我有什麽問題呢？有什麽問題交代不清呢？後來實在忍受不下去了，她拒絕再到公安機關去交代問題！最後的死，也完全是被逼迫的。

As for religion, the then extreme leftists showed much apathy. Mr. Zongming Zhang ’ s novels give a re-assessment to the then religious policies. In Women, Bandits and the Japanese Dog, Tang Weiqi, the wife of the uprising general Mr. Zhang Yunxuan, was a devout Christian. She was kind, honest and helpful as well as beautiful. However, the public security workers just found fault with her and forced her to confess her crime again and again. She wondered what wrong she had done. She could not stand the torture and refused to go to the public security office for confession. Her death was a product of the then religious policies.

第二部《裸拜 — 傳教士和他的女兒》寫的更好。我很喜歡《裸拜 — 傳教士和他的女兒》。它寫英國傳教士亨利去到雙溪坪，雙溪坪寫的很美，那是一個淳樸的自然村寨，位於貴州、雲南、廣西三省交界處。對那裏的民風、民情、民俗以及那裏的自然風光寫的十分出色，美極了。亨利和那裏的百姓非常融洽，在那裏娶妻生子，已經紮根在那裏。可是解放後就是容不得他，非要驅逐他出境 …… 我看到這裏，心情很壓抑，為什麽我們對這樣一個誠實，善良、的英國傳教士，我們也容不得呢！

The novel of The Missionary and his Daughter is a good work as well. It tells about Henry, a British missionary, who came to Shuangxiping, a beautiful village on the border of Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. The customs and landscape there were so attractive that Henry liked the village, villagers and life very much. He got married and had a daughter there. Nevertheless, after liberation he had to leave the village and China. I am sorry for this situation. Why couldn ’ t such an honest and kind British be allowed to live in that village?

第三部〈孤兒與革命家〉，寫極左的路線一直延續到 “ 文化大革命運動 ” ，給國家和人民造成極大的損失。寫 1957 年的 “ 反右鬥爭 ” ， “ 誘敵深入 ” ， “ 引蛇出洞 ”…… 將一批批熱血的共產黨人、民主人士、機關幹部、院校師生。。。。。。劃成了 “ 右派分子 ” ，當成了共和國的敵人。 1958 年大躍進，虛報、浮誇 …… 作家用墨不多，但都寫的淋漓盡致。小說中有一句話：過去說是自然災害，其實完全是人為的災害，莊稼爛在地裏不敢去收，後來搞成大饑餓。小說寫的怵目驚心。

In The Orphan and the Revolutionary the extreme leftist movement was described. In 1957 the Anti-rightist Struggle, the Trick to the Enemy and the Dig-out of the Enemy resulted in the wronging of a number of righteous Communists, democratic people, officials, and college faculty and students. They were stigmatized as the rightists and treated as the enemies of the republic. In 1958 the Leap-forward Movement, Fictitious Report and Boast occurred. The author gives limited space to these events, which are, however, well depicted. As the novel mentions, the past is more a human disaster than a natural one. The crops in the fields were not harvested for sake of fear, which resulted in a famine. The events are indeed shocking.

接著就寫到 “ 文化大革命 ” 。 “ 文化大革命 ” 更是極左路線的產物，小說用了一個詞：無法無天。真是 “ 無法無天 ” ，禍國殃民！小說寫了一次武鬥，極其殘酷，令人震驚。極左思想實際上就是一種專製思想，馬克思說過：專製製度的原則 “ 總的說來就是輕視人，蔑視人，使人不成其為人。 ” （《馬克思全集》卷一第 441 頁）

Next the novel draws us to the Cultural Revolution, which is a product of the extreme leftist line. There is an expression in the novel: anarchy. Indeed, the scenes were so anarchy that the nation was wounded and hurt. A fight was depicted and the situation was horrifying. The leftist line is dictatorial, as Karl Marx stated, “ it shows contempt and scorn to people, and debases them. ” (Anthology of Karl Marx, P441)

所以， 張宗銘 先生的三部係列長篇小說，就其思想的成就來說，達到了空前未有的思想高度。魯迅曾說： “ 中國文人，對於人生 —— 至少對於社會現象，向來就沒有正視的勇氣。 ” 又說： “ 有些聰明的士大夫，依然會從血泊裏尋出閑適來。 ” 並認為那些道學先生： “ 死似的鎮靜 ” ， “ 真是天大的本領。 ” 魯迅最痛心的是中國人的麻木，對別人的痛苦無動於衷，對身受的壓迫習以為常。然而， 張宗銘 先生則不然，他是一位具有良知的、敢於正視曆史和現實的傑出的作家。所以他的係列小說，是我國第一部敢於正視曆史，敢於正視現實，敢於進行反思的文學作品，其價值不可低估。

Mr. Zongming Zhang ’ s novels are great in terms of ides. Lu Xun once said, “ The Chinese men of letters show little courage in facing human life and at least social phenomenon. ” Lu Xun added, “ Some intelligent learned men seek leisure amid blood shedding, ” “ they are dead-like calm, ” “ they are great. ” He was sorry for the indifference shown by the Chinese to the others ’ pains and their own sufferings. Mr. Zhang is unlike what Lu Xun described. He is an outstanding writer who is public-minded and dares to look history and reality in the face. His works are worth studying praising.

張宗銘先生係列小說的藝術成就也是相當高的，我想可以用 “ 傑出的現實主義作品 ” 來概括它。 “ 現實主義 ” 我覺得不應該否定，用它來評價文學作品是恰當的。 1954 年對我國文學史上的現實主義進行過一次熱烈的討論，有人認為從〈詩經〉開始就有現實主義創作方法；也有人認為從〈金瓶梅〉開始才有了現實主義的創作方法。〈金瓶梅〉是明代的小說，就是說到明清資本主義萌芽出現之後才有了現實主義的文學特征。我認為應該說從〈詩經〉時起，就有了現實主義的文學特征，發展到明清時期這種創作方法就更自覺了。

The artistic achievement of Mr. Zhang ’ s novels is high, or rather “ outstanding realist. ” I deem realism as a suitable evaluation of literary works. In 1954 a heated discussion was launched in Chinese literary circles. Some people thought that the Chinese realism could be traced back to the ancient poetry classic Shi Jing, while the others maintained that the Chinese realism started in the novel of Jinpingmei, a Ming Dynasty novel. In the latter ’ s view the Chinese realism emerged after the advent of capitalism. I think it started in Shi Jing, and was developed in a better way in the Ming Dynasty.

張宗銘 先生的三部係列長篇小說，就鮮明地表現出這種傳統的創作方法，表現出現實主義創作的很高的藝術成就。它有哪些藝術特點呢？我覺得第一個特點就是充分的真實性。小說寫的事件，曆史跨度很大，從建國初期（如果從富田事件和洪湖赤衛隊算起就更早）一直寫到 “ 文化大革命 ” 。寫的事件、生活、人物都是很真實的。我們說的 “ 真實 ” ，與 “ 虛構 ” 並不矛盾。 “ 真實 ” 是指藝術的 “ 真實 ” ，藝術的 “ 真實 ” 不等於生活的 “ 真實 ” 。所謂真實性，是對虛假、虛偽、空虛、空洞而言。它的真實性，並不使人感到虛假、虛偽，也不感到空虛和空洞。對生活沒有粉飾也沒有誇大，就是原原本本地照著生活的原貌進行描寫，並沒有根據個人好惡過多地誇大什麽縮小什麽，過多地貶低什麽歌頌什麽。〈紅樓夢〉中有句話，說明現實主義的創作特點： “ 其中悲歡離合，興衰際遇，俱是按跡循蹤，不敢稍加穿鑿，至失其真。 ” 張宗銘 先生的係列小說基本上也是這樣，他所寫的人物、事件、情節，都是 “ 按跡循蹤 ” ，按照生活的軌跡、遵循生活的邏輯，對其產生、發展、變化，嚴格按照生活的真實性、曆史的真實性來描寫，使人不發生不真實的感覺。不管第一部、第二部、第三部，都給人一種曆史的真實感，在這種曆史的真實性的前提下，作者將自己博大的情懷和良知，融會在小說中去，歌頌和平、歌頌友誼、歌頌愛情；在人物上，謳歌真誠、謳歌善良、謳歌正義、謳歌人性美，使人從曆史的真實性當中得以極大的美的享受。

Mr. Zhang ’ s novels are a mirror of realism. Let me specify their realist features. The first feature is sufficient truth. The novels range a long period from the early years of the People ’ s Republic of China (even earlier, if the Futian Event and the Honghu Lake Guerilla are considered) to the Cultural Revolution. The events, life and characters are true historically. It should be noted that “ truth ” does not conflict with “ fiction ” . Truth is artistic and not equal to life truth. Truth is termed as opposed to fraud, hypocrisy, emptiness and hollowness. Truth does not appear false and hypocritical. It does not paint life nor boast it. Instead, it is a down-to-earth description of what life is, unguided by personal bias and hence impartial. In A Dream in a Red Mansion (Hongloumeng) realism is described as “ sketching ups and downs in life in the way it leaves traces so as not to lose its truth. ” Mr. Zhang ’ s works are just what this saying reveals. The characters, events and plots in his novels “ went in the way life left its traces. ” They reflect truth as is required by realism, showing a sense of life and historical truth. In presenting the history, the author devotes his conscience and bosom to what are involved. He lauds peace, friendship and love, and gives much credit to sincerity, kindness, justice and morality. Indeed, his works are full of a sense of beauty in terms of historical truth.

第二個特點是力求完整性。所謂 “ 完整性 ” ，就是使作品反映生活力求作到成為有機的藝術整體。一方