正文

摘錄:暫停禁穆令原告方的法律依據

(2017-02-07 23:08:06) 下一個

原文見:http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Jh4jw2E51Y62Xg40i-gUdw

 

華盛頓州和明尼蘇達州兩個司法部長聲稱禁穆令違反了下述10條法律:

 
 

1. 美國憲法第五修正案:法律必須平等的保護所有人(Fifth Amendment, equal protection of the law);
 
2. 美國憲法第五修正案:禁止聯邦政府以任何形式優待一種宗教(Fifth Amendment, establishment clause);
 
3. 美國憲法第五修正案:禁止聯邦政府未經正當程序剝奪個人自由(Fifth Amendment, procedural due process);
 
4.移民和公民歸化法:禁止聯邦政府在發放移民簽證時有種族、國家、出生地、居住地方麵的歧視(The Immigration and Naturalization Act (“INA”), 8 U.S.C. §1152(a)(1)(A), prohibiting discrimination in the issuance of immigrant visas on the basis of race, nationality, place of birth, or place of residence);
 
5. 移民和歸化法,規定所有到達美國港口、機場的非公民有權申請避難,而且暫時不被遞解出境的權利 (INA § 1158 and 1231(b)(3): non-citizens arriving at the States’ ports of entry to apply for asylum and withholding of removal);
 
6. 聯合國反酷刑國際公約(美國已經簽約並承認 生效,現在是美國法律的一條 8 U.S.C. §1231):如果有相當的理由相信,當事人有可能在其祖國遭受酷刑,美國政府不可以在不情願的情況下遣返任何當事人回到其祖國 (United Nations Convention Against Torture).
 
7. 恢複宗教自由法: 禁止聯邦政府實質性的給宗教行為造成負擔 (The Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 42 U.S.C. § 200bb-1(a), prohibits the federal government from substantially burdening the exercise of religion, even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability. )
 
8. 行政程序法,要求聯邦政府機構必須通過固定的程序方可頒布和實施影響個人實際權利的法規(包括一定的公示期、允許社會各界提修改意見等等)。(The APA, 5 U.S.C. §§ 553 and 706(2)(D) requires that federal agencies conduct formal rule making before engaging in action that impacts substantive rights);
 
9. 同樣,美國行政程序法禁止聯邦政府機構采取任何隨心所欲、違憲和違背法律的行為 (The APA, 5 U.S.C. §706(2) prohibits federal agency action that is arbitrary, unconstitutional and contrary to statute);
 
10. 美國憲法第十修正案:除明確歸屬與聯邦政府的部分權力以外,所有權力屬於州政府。聯邦政府無權迫使州政府執行聯邦法律 (Tenth Amendment, which reserves all powers not enumerated in the Constitution to the states, and prohibits the federal government from commandeering state legislative process.  Prohibits federal government from compelling state governments to enact and enforce federal law).

 
 
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