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母乳喂養常見問題及基本知識
怕疼是其中一個原因，但是我認識的很多新媽們都還是願意為了孩子忍受一時的疼痛。通常頭胎會疼兩三周，隻要孩子的吸吮姿勢正確，過了頭幾周應該好起來。孩子的小嘴應將棕色的乳暈包住， 並沒有吧嗒吧嗒的噪音，而且母親能感到腋下奶脹。
但是最常見的問題恐怕是因為母親不懂得新生兒的各個階段生理特征，缺乏母乳喂養方麵的知識。有些媽媽提出的問題明顯地就是沒有讀過醫生或醫院發的母乳喂養手冊。我生老大時，除了醫生發的，醫院給的， 還自己找了不少資料來學習。“打無準備的仗”自然是要亂陣腳的，所以自己先做好功課，才能做到胸有成竹，就不會因不知道怎麽辦而慌亂煩躁。
因為不了解新生兒的各種特征，又缺乏母乳喂養的常識，所以心裏沒底，缺乏自信。孩子還沒生下來就已經擔心自己沒奶或奶不夠該如何是好。第一周頭幾天出來的母乳叫初乳，孩子也就隻能吃那麽點兒，所以綽綽有餘。而且孩子生下來，第一周體重下降是所有新生兒的統一特征，媽媽們不明白，一看馬上就堅信是自己的奶不夠，所以立即開始補充根本就不需要補充的配方奶。孰不知那玩藝兒和奶瓶幾天就能讓孩子上癮，而且加了配方奶，喂母奶的次數少了， 自然奶量也會逐漸減少。因為母乳是根據孩子的需求而定量供應的，喂得勤喂得多，乳腺受孩子小嘴刺激會不停地供奶，反之則會減少。
因此母乳喂養的成功與否主要是前四周，把這四周挺過去，以後就好辦了。當然有些媽媽確實因生理因素奶不夠就該另當別論。 Here are some breastfeeding basics that you may find helpful. Talk to your baby’s doctor, nurse or your lactation specialist if you have other questions. Mother’s Diet No special foods or diets are needed for breastfeeding. Some helpful tips: • Eating healthy will help you and your baby feel well. • help you get enough calcium. • • • chocolate, coffee and tea. Artificial sweeteners are in diet soft drinks and in some low calorie or diet foods. • leave breast milk. • milk. If you have a family history of an allergy or your baby seems fussy after you eat a certain food, avoid that food and see if your baby feels better. Some babies have a hard time when a mother eats dairy products or vegetables such as broccoli, beans, onions or peppers. If the problem persists, talk to your doctor. • foods. Getting Started During pregnancy, your body makes milk called colostrum. When you have your baby, your body begins to make breast milk. Your milk supply will depend on how much milk and how often your baby takes from the breast. The more milk your baby takes, the more milk your breasts will make. 這裏提供一些母乳喂養常識，可能對您有用。如有其它疑問，請谘詢 寶寶的醫生、護士或哺乳專家。 母親的飲食 哺乳期對食物或飲食沒有特殊的要求。可注意以下事項﹕ • 和寶寶都身體健康。 • • • • • • 寶在母親食用奶製品或花菜、豆子、洋蔥或辣椒後會有不良反應。 如問題持續存在，請谘詢醫生。 • 物。 開始步驟 妊娠期間，您的身體會分泌稱為初乳的乳汁。寶寶誕生後，身體開始 分泌乳汁。乳汁分泌量的多少取決於哺乳量和哺乳頻次。寶寶吃母乳 越多，乳房分泌的乳汁就越多。 2 The nurses will help you and your baby learn how to breastfeed. Relax and give yourself time to learn. Your baby may be very sleepy the first few days. Your baby’s stomach is small so your baby will need to feed often. You may feel increased thirst while nursing, drowsiness during breastfeeding and mild uterine contractions while breastfeeding the first few days. Avoid feeding your baby from a bottle, either breastmilk or formula, for the first 3 to 4 weeks or until you baby learns to feed well. Sucking from a bottle is a different mouth action. Bottle sucking may interfere with the baby’s nursing at the breast. After the first 3 to 4 weeks, you can try to feed your baby breast milk through a bottle if you would like. If your baby is not able to breastfeed, you can pump your breast milk, feed your baby the breast milk through the bottle or freeze the breast milk in a closed container for later use. Feeding Cues Your baby will give you signs of hunger called feeding cues. Your baby’s feeding cues may include: Breastfeeding Basics. Simplified Chinese. 護士會幫助您和寶寶掌握哺乳技巧。不要緊張，慢慢來。 寶寶出生後頭幾天內可能非常嗜睡。寶寶的胃非常小，因此每天需要 多次哺乳。在哺乳的最初幾天，可能會感到容易口渴，喂奶時覺得困 倦想睡覺，並發生輕度的子宮收縮。 最初 配方奶，都要避免用奶瓶喂奶。從奶瓶中吮奶是一個不同的嘴部動 作。奶瓶喂奶可能會幹擾寶寶從乳房吃母乳。 最初 法直接 吃，或 喂奶信號 寶寶 括 • • • • • • • 試 Watch for signs that your baby is latched on to your nipple well and getting milk. Signs may include: changes to a deep, slow, rhythmic motion. Is My Baby Getting Enough Milk? If your baby is getting enough milk, your breasts will be full with milk, soft after feedings and refill between feedings. Your baby will: How Often Will My Baby Feed? Feedings are timed from the start of one feeding to the start of the next. At first, try to feed your baby every 2 to 3 hours during the day and evening, and at least every 4 hours during the night. If your baby gives feeding cues, feed your baby. Your baby may want several feedings very close together. By the end of the first week, your baby will be nursing 8 to 12 times in 24 hours. As your baby and your milk supply grow, your baby may begin feeding less often. Breastfeeding Basics. Simplified Chinese. 如何判斷寶寶的吃奶能力﹖ 留 • 深 • • • 怎樣才知道寶寶吃飽了﹖ 若 • • • • 多長時間喂奶一次﹖ 喂奶的間 Even after babies are able to sleep for longer periods, their sleep is sometimes disturbed by dreams, hunger or a busy day. Expect that your baby will wake at night and may need to be fed. Babies have growth spurts in their first 6 months and will nurse more often during them. By feeding more often, your body will make more milk to get through the growth spurts. These spurts often last 3-5 days. How Long Will My Baby Feed? Feed your baby until he shows signs that he is full such as slowing down sucking and then detaching himself from the breast, and relaxing his hands, arms and legs. If you stop before your baby is done, your baby may not get the high fat milk. This is the milk that is best for growth. Allow your baby to completely finish feeding on the first breast. This may take 10 to 25 minutes. Then offer the second breast. Your baby may feed for a while on that breast, or not want the second breast at all. Alternate the breast you begin with at each feeding. Some mothers track, which breast to begin with by pinning a safety pin to their bra strap. Waking the Sleeping Baby If your baby is in a deep sleep, do not wake your baby for a feeding. If your baby is asleep but has some body motions such as eye motion under the lid, active mouth and tongue motion, or sucking in sleep, this is the best time to wake your baby for a feeding. At night, dim the lights and keep the room quiet. Avoid startling movements. Wake the baby gently by moving your baby or you can change your baby’s diaper. If after 15 minutes your baby shows poor interest in breastfeeding, try an hour later. Talk to a doctor, nurse or lactation specialist if you have any questions or concerns. 4 實 寶寶每次吃奶要多長時間﹖ 一 如果寶寶睡得 8/2007. Developed through a partnership of Mount Carmel Health, Ohio State University Medical Center, and OhioHealth, Columbus, Ohio. Available for use as a public service without copyright restrictions at www.healthinfotranslations.org
以下為母乳喂養的基本常識。
1。先將醫院或醫生發的有關母乳喂養及嬰兒手冊仔細閱讀，上麵有大量的有用知識。
2。初生嬰兒在頭兩周內體重會少有下降，不必擔心。一定要堅持每2-3小時喂一次。
3。隻要孩子吸吮奶頭時沒有吧嗒吧嗒的噪音，並且小嘴能將乳暈包得越多越好（乳頭周圍棕色的一圈）。喂奶時孩子的嘴張得越大，將棕色的乳暈包得越多，奶下得越好。最關鍵的是母親不會感到乳頭疼痛，唯一的身體上的輕微不適是每隔2-4分鍾，腋窩下一股激流一漲，奶洶湧而下。頭兩三個月這種感覺會頻繁一些，以後就會逐漸減少，但是並不說明孩子沒有吃夠，因為奶的多少是根據孩子的需要而供應的。
4。兩周後孩子的體重會開始增加，隻要平穩上升，母乳就夠了。
5。盡量不要補充奶粉，除非確實有生理或其它方麵的因素實在不能堅持母乳喂養。因為如果加了奶粉，孩子就不願再吃母乳。一則奶粉不如母乳容易消化，所以不餓，間隔時間會長些（3-4小時喂一次）。二來，奶瓶的奶頭比母親的乳頭容易吸，喝奶瓶的孩子不願費神費力或力量不夠，不願吸吮母乳，這樣會使母親認為沒奶或奶不夠。三，如果喂母乳間隔時間越長，喂的時間越少奶回得越快。
5。如寶寶貪睡，可喂完一邊，抱起來拍拍氣（3-5分鍾），然後再喂另一邊。也可輕輕撓腳心，用手指輕按唇角。如都不能成功，可用一塊濕毛巾輕擦小臉，毛巾溫度不能熱，溫偏涼即可。另外穿的太多更嗜睡，可以少穿一點兒。
6。要想堅持母乳喂養首先要相信自己，其次要堅持不懈。就一定能成功。
母乳喂養基本常識請看下文(中英文對照）
Breastfeeding Basics
1www.healthinfotranslations.org
Hands to mouth
Licking of lips
Moving of arms and legs
Turning the head towards your body
Sounds
Try to begin feeding your baby before he or she becomes too upset.
Crying
Motion near your baby’s ear and temple as your baby’s lower jaw moves
Seeing, hearing, or feeling your baby swallowing.
Feeling a tingling sensation in the breast.
Have more than 2 bowel movements each day
A healthy, full term baby who is nursing well does not need extra water or formula. Do not feed your baby extra water or formula unless ordered to do so by your baby’s doctor. Talk to your baby’s doctor, nurse or your lactation specialist if you do not think that your baby is getting enough milk.Gain weight
健康的足月寶寶如果哺乳得當，不需要額外喝水或配方奶。除非寶寶的醫生囑咐寶寶額外喝水或配方奶，否則不要這麽做。如認為寶寶沒有喝飽奶，請向寶寶的醫生、護士或哺乳專家提出。
