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先進篇第十一

(2008-08-25 19:52:34) 下一個

先進篇第十一

 

 

【原文】

11·1 子曰:“先進(1)於禮樂,野人(2)也;後進(3)於禮樂,君子(4)也。如用之,則吾從先進。”

 

【注釋】

(1)先進:指先學習禮樂而後再做官的人。

(2)野人:樸素粗魯的人或指鄉野平民。

(3)後進:先做官後學習禮樂的人。

(4)君子:這裏指貴族。

 

【白話】

孔子說:“先學禮樂後做官,是平民;先做官後學禮樂,是貴族。如果聘用人才,我就用平民。”

 

【英譯】

Confucius said: “Anyone who learnt etiquette and music first and then looked for official posts was a common people. Anyone who looked for official posts first and then learnt etiquette and music was an aristocrat. If I had to make an appointment, I’d like to choose a common people.”

 

 

【原文】

11·2 子曰:“從我於陳、蔡(1)者,皆不及門(2)也。”

 

【注釋】

(1)陳、蔡:均為國名。

(2)不及門:門,這裏指受教的場所。不及門,不在身邊受教。

 

【白話】

孔子說:“跟隨我去陳蔡兩國的人,現在都不在我身邊了。”

 

【英譯】

Confucius said: “People who once followed me to the countries Chen and Cai were no longer right before my eyes.”

 

【原文】

11·3 德行(1):顏淵、閔子騫、冉伯牛、仲弓。言語(2):宰我、子貢。政事(3):冉有、季路。文學(4):子遊、子夏。

 

【注釋】

(1)德行:能實行孝悌、忠恕等道德。

(2)言語:善於辭令,能辦理外交。

(3)政事:能從事政治事務。

(4)文學:通曉詩書禮樂等古代文獻。

 

【白話】

德高望重的有:顏淵、閔子騫、冉伯牛、仲弓。善於辭令的有:宰我、子貢。擅長政事的有:冉有、季路。通曉文獻知識的有:子遊、子夏。

 

【英譯】

The ones who were of high character and great prestige included Yan Yuan, Min Ztujian, Ran Boniu and Zhong Gong. People who were endowed with eloquence included Zai Wo and Ztu Gong. Persons were good at politics included Ztu You and Ztu Xia.

 

【原文】

11·4 子曰:“回也非助我者也,於吾言無所不說。”

 

【白話】

孔子說:“顏回並不是對我有幫助的人,但他對我說的話卻沒有不心悅誠服的。”

 

【英譯】

Yan Hui wasn’t a person who was helpful to me, yet never under any circumstances was he failed to feel a heartfelt admiration for my words.”

 

 

【原文】

11·5 子曰:“孝哉閔子騫!人不間(1)於其父母昆(2)弟之言。”

 

【注釋】

(1)間:批評挑剔。

(2)昆:哥哥。

 

【白話】

孔子說:“閔子騫真孝順呀!人們聽到他父母兄弟對他的誇獎都很讚成。”

 

【英譯】

Confucius said: “What a dutiful person Min Ztuqian is! People heard his parents and brothers praised him and quite agree with them.”

 

 

【原文】

11·6 南容三複白圭(1),孔子以其兄之子妻(2)之。

 

【注釋】

(1)白圭:圭,讀“歸”,白玉。指詩經中有關說話謹慎的詩句。

(2)妻:動詞,讀“氣”,嫁給的意思。

 

【白話】

南容反複誦讀讚美白圭的詩句,孔子就把自己的侄女嫁給了他。

 

【英譯】

Nan Rong often recited the poem on white jade and Confucius married his niece to him.

 

 

 

【原文】

11·7 季康子問:“弟子孰為好學?”孔子對曰:“有顏回者好學,不幸短命死矣,今也則亡。”

 

【白話】

季康子問孔子:“你的學生中誰好學?”孔子回答說:“有個叫顏回的很好學,不幸短命死了。現在可沒有他那樣的人了。”

 

【英譯】

Ji Kangztu asked Confucius: “Among your students who loves to study?” Confucius replied: “Yan Hui. But unfortunately he died young. There’s no more such sort of people.”

 

 

【原文】

11·8 顏淵死,顏路(1)請子之車以為之槨(2)。子曰:“才不才,亦各言其子也。鯉(3)也死,有棺而無槨。吾不徒行以為之槨。以吾從大夫之後(4),不可徒行也。

 

【注釋】

(1)顏路:顏淵的父親,也是孔子的學生。

(2)槨:讀“果”,古人用雙層棺材,內為棺,外為槨。

(3)鯉:孔子的兒子,字伯魯,死時50歲,當時孔子70歲。

(4)從大夫之後:跟隨在大夫們後麵,指當過大夫。孔子在魯國曾任司寇,是大夫一級的官員。

 

【白話】 

顏淵死後,顏路請孔子賣車給顏淵做槨。孔子說:“有才無才,都是兒子。我兒子孔鯉死時,有棺而無槨。我不賣車為他做槨,因為我做過大夫,不可以步行。”

 

【英譯】

Yan Yuan died. His father Yan Lu asked Confucius to sell out his cart to make his son an outer coffin. Confucius said: “No matter capable or not, they are all sons to their fathers. When my son Kong Li died, I didn’t sell out my cart to make him an outer coffin because I was once a higher official “Daifu”. It won’t do for a Daifu to go on foot.”

 

 

【原文】

11·9 顏淵死,子曰:“噫!天喪予!天喪予!”

 

【白話】

顏淵死了,孔子說:“唉!老天爺真要我的命呀!老天爺真要我的命呀!”

 

【英譯】

Yan Yuan died. Confucius said: “That’s really killing me! That’s really killing me!”

 

 

【原文】

11·10 顏淵死,子哭之慟(1)。從者曰:“子慟矣。”曰:“有慟乎?非夫(2)人之為慟而誰為?”

 

【注釋】

(1)慟:讀“痛”,極度悲傷,痛哭。

(2)夫:讀“扶”,代詞,他。此處指顏淵。

 

【白話】

顏淵死了,孔子大哭一場。孔子的隨從說:“您悲痛過度了!”孔子說:“是悲痛過度了嗎?我不為這個人悲傷過度,還為誰呢?”

 

【英譯】

Yan Yuan died. Confucius cried. His followers said: “You’re over-sad!” Confucius said: “Am I over-sad? If I’m not over-sad for him, then for whom?”

 

【原文】

11·11 顏淵死,門人欲厚葬(1)之,子曰:“不可。”門人厚葬之。子曰:“回也視予猶父也,予不得視猶子也(2)。非我也,夫(3)二三子也。”

 

【注釋】

(1)厚葬:隆重地安葬。

(2)予不得視猶子也:我不能把他當親生兒子一樣看待。

(3)夫:語助詞。

 

【譯文】

顏淵死了,孔子的學生們想要隆重地安葬他。孔子說:“不能這樣做。”學生們仍然隆重地安葬了他。孔子說:“顏回把我當父親一樣看待,我卻不能把他當兒子一樣看待。這不是我的本意,是那些學生們幹的呀。”

 

【英譯】

Yan Yuan died. Confucius’ students were going to entomb him grandly. Confucius said: “This won’t do.” These students held a stately funeral for Yan Yuan.  Confucius said: “Yan Hui treated me as his father, but I couldn’t treat him as my son. It’s not my original idea. All these things were done by my students.”

 

 

 

【原文】

11·12 季路問事鬼神。子曰:“未能事人,焉能事鬼?”曰:“敢問死。”曰:“未知生,焉知死?”

 

【白話】

季路問怎樣侍奉鬼神。孔子說:“沒能把人侍奉好,怎麽能去侍奉鬼呢?”季路說:“請問死是怎麽回事?”孔子回答說:“活著的道理都不知道,怎麽能知道死呢?”

 

【英譯】

Ji Lu asked Confucius how to attend ghosts and spirits. Confucius said: “You haven’t even well attended people, then how can you well attend ghosts and spirits?” Ji Lu said: “What’s death about?” Confucius replied: “You even don’t know anything about life, how can you know anything about death?”

 

 

【原文】

11·13 閔子侍側,訚訚(1)如也;子路,行行(2)如也;冉有、子貢,侃侃(3)如也。子樂。“若由也,不得其死然。”

 

【注釋】

(1)訚訚:讀“言”,和顏悅色。

(2)行行:讀“杭”第四聲,剛強的樣子。

(3)侃侃:理直氣壯。

 

【白話】

閔子騫侍立在孔子身旁,一派和顏悅色的樣子;子路是一派剛強的樣子;冉有、子貢是溫和快樂的樣子。孔子高興了。但孔子又說:“像仲由這樣,隻怕不得好死吧!”

 

【英譯】

Min Tzuqian stood by Confucius in attendance, kindly and pleasantly. Ztu Lu showed a firm and unyielding look. Ran You and Tzu Gong looked kind and gentle. Confucius was quite happy. Yet Confucius said: “People like Zhong You cannot die a worthy death, I’m afraid.”

 

【原文】

11·14 魯人(1)為長府(2)。閔子騫曰:“仍舊貫(3),如之何?何必改作?”子曰:“夫人(4)不言,言必有中。”

 

【注釋】

(1)魯人:這裏指魯國的當權者。

(2)為長府:為,改建。藏財貨、兵器等的倉庫叫“府”,長府是魯國的國庫名。

(3)仍舊貫:貫:事,例。沿襲老樣子。

(4)夫人:夫, 度“扶”,這個人。

 

【白話】

魯國國君翻修長府的國庫。閔子騫道:“就保持老樣子,怎麽樣?何必改建呢?”孔子說:“這個人平日不大開口,一開口就說到要害上。”

 

【英譯】

The lord of the country Lu was going to rebuild national treasury. Min Tzuqian said: “Keep it unchanged. How about it? What’s the need to rebuild it?” Confucius said: “This guy seldom says a word. Yet so long as he opens his mouth, he’ll hit home.”

 

【原文】

11·15 子曰:“由之瑟(1)奚為於丘之門(2)?”門人不敬子路。子曰:“由也升堂矣,未入於室(3)也。”

 

【注釋】

(1)瑟:讀“色”,一種古樂器,與古琴相似。

(2)奚為於丘之門:奚,為什麽。為,彈。丘,孔丘,孔子自指。

(3)升堂入室:堂是正廳,室是內室,用以形容學習程度,前者淺,後者深。

 

【白話】

孔子說:“仲由彈瑟,為什麽在我這裏彈呢?”孔子的學生們因此都不尊敬子路。孔子便說:“子路的瑟彈得很不錯了,隻是還不精通而已。”

 

【英譯】

Confucius said: “Why is Zhong You playing Se (a zither – like musical instrument) at my doorway?” Confucius’ student therefore didn’t show respect to Ztu Lu.  Confucius said: “Ztu Lu plays quite well, only that he hasn’t been proficient in it.”

 

【原文】

11·16 子貢問:“師與商(1)也孰賢?”子曰:“師也過,商也不及。”曰:“然則師愈(2)與?”子曰:“過猶不及。”

 

【注釋】

(1)師與商:師,顓孫師,即子張。商,卜商,即子夏。

(2)愈:勝過,強些。

 

【白話】

子貢問孔子:“子張和子夏誰更好一些?”孔子說:“子張過分,子夏不足。”子貢說:“那麽是子張好一些嗎?”孔子說:“過分和不足是一樣的。”

 

【英譯】

Ztu Gong asked Confucius: “Who is better? Ztu Zhang or Ztu Xia?” Confucius said: “Ztu Zhang often overdoes. But Ztu Xia often under-does.” Ztu said: “Ztu Zhang is better, then?”  Confucius said: “Too much is as bad as too little.”

 

【原文】

11·17 季氏富於周公,而求也為之聚斂(1)而附益(2)之。子曰:“非吾徒也。小子鳴鼓而攻之可也。”

 

【注釋】

(1)聚斂:積聚收斂,指搜刮。

(2)益:增加。

 

【白話】

季氏比周公還富有,而冉求卻還幫他搜刮,以增加他的錢財。孔子說:“他不是我的學生了,你們可以擊鼓去攻擊他!”

 

【英譯】

Ji Shi richer than the lord of Zhou Dynasty, but Ran Qiu still helped him collect money so as to make him much richer than ever before.  Confucius said: “Ji Shi is no longer my student. You students can beat drum to attack him.”

 

【原文】

11·18 (1)也愚(2),參也魯(3),師(4)也辟(5),由也喭(6)

 

【注釋】

(1)柴:高柴,字子羔,孔子學生,比孔子小30歲,公元前521年出生。

(2)愚:耿直。

(3)魯:遲鈍。

(4)師: 顓孫師,即子張。

(5)辟:讀“必”,偏,偏激。

(6)喭:讀“豔”,魯莽。

 

【譯文】

高柴耿直,曾參遲鈍,顓孫師偏激,仲由魯莽。

 

【英譯】

Gao Chai was straifhtforward. Zeng Can was dull. Zhuansun Shi was over-radical. Zhong You was rash.

 

【原文】

11·19 子曰:“回也其庶(1)乎,屢空(2)。賜不受命,而貨殖(3)焉,億(4)則屢中。”

 

【注釋】

(1)庶:庶幾,接近。

(2)空:貧困,匱乏。

(3)貨殖:做買賣。

(4)億:同“臆”,臆斷,猜測,估計。

 

【白話】

孔子說:“顏回的情況近乎完善,可是他經常貧困。端本賜不聽天由命,去做買賣,猜測行情,往往猜中。”

 

【英譯】

Confucius said: “Yan Hui is nearly perfect, but he is often poor. Duanmu Ci refuses to leave thing to chance and went to business. He often estimates market situation by guess but he wins.”

 

【原文】

11·20 子張問善人(1)之道,子曰:“不踐跡(2),亦不入於室(3)。”

 

【注釋】

(1)善人:指本質善良但沒有經過學習的人。

(2)踐跡:跡,腳印。踐,踩,踩著前人的腳印走。

(3)入於室:比喻學問和修養達到了精深地步。

 

【白話】

子張問做善人的方法。孔子說:“如果不沿著前人的腳印走,其學問就不會到家。”

 

【英譯】 

Ztu Zhang asked the way to perfect himself. Confucius said: “If you don’t march ahead along others’ tracts, then you cannot have a good comprehension of knowledge.”

 

 

【原文】

11·21 子曰:“論篤是與(1),君子者乎?色(2)莊者乎?”

 

【注釋】

(1)論篤是與:論,言論。篤,誠懇。與,讚許。對說話篤實誠懇的人表示讚許。

(2)色:偽裝。

 

【白話】

孔子說:“聽到人議論篤實誠懇就表示讚許,但還應看他是真君子呢?還是偽裝莊重的人呢?”

 

【英譯】

Confucius said: “When someone compliments others on their honesty, we should agree with him. But we should also ask whether he compliments real gentlemen or hypocrites”

 

 

【原文】

11·22 子路問:“聞斯行諸(1)?”子曰:“有父兄在,如之何其聞斯行之?”冉有問:“聞斯行諸?”子曰:“聞斯行之。”公西華曰:“由也問聞斯行諸,子曰,‘有父兄在’;求也問聞斯行諸,子曰,‘聞斯行之’。赤也惑,敢問。”子曰:“求也退,故進之;由也兼人(2),故退之。”

 

【注釋】

(1)諸:“之乎”二字的合音。

(2)兼人:好勇過人。

 

【譯文】

子路問:“聽到就做嗎?”孔子說:“有父兄健在,怎麽能聽到就做?”冉有問:“聽到就做嗎?”孔子說:“聽到就做。”公西華說:“仲由問‘聽到就做嗎’,您說‘有父兄健在’;冉求也問‘聽到就做嗎’,您卻說‘聽到就做’。我很疑惑,請問這是為什麽?”孔子說:“冉求總是退縮,所以要鼓勵他;仲由膽大,所以要約束他。”

 

 

【英譯】

Ztu Lu asked: “Go into action on hearing?” Confucius said: “How can you go into action when your father and brother are still living and in good health?” Ran You asked: “Go into action on hearing?” Confucius said: “Go into action on hearing.” Gongxi Hua said: “Zhong You asked: ‘Go into action on hearing?’ You said: ‘How can you go into action when your father and brother are still living and in good health?’ Ran Qiu also asked: ‘Go into action on hearing?’ But you said: ‘Go into action on hearing.’  This makes me feel perplexed. Would you please give me an explanation?” Confucius said: “Ran Qiu always shrinks back so I have to encourage him.  But Zhong You is quite bold, so I have to restrain him.”

 

 

 

【原文】

11·23 子畏於匡,顏淵後。子曰:“吾以女為死矣。”曰:“子在,回何敢死?”

 

【白話】

孔子在匡地受到當地人圍困,顏淵最後才逃出來。孔子說:“我以為你已經死了呢。”顏淵說:“夫子還活著,我怎麽敢死呢?”

 

【英譯】

After being pinned down in Kuang district for a long time, Yan Yuan escaped at last. Confucius said: “I thought you must have died.” Yan Yuan said: “How can I die while you are still living and in good health?”

 

【原文】

11·24 季子然(1)問:“仲由、冉求可謂大臣與?”子曰:“吾以子為異之問,曾(2)由與求之間。所謂大臣者,以道事君,不可則止。今由與求也,可謂具臣(3)矣。”曰:“然則從之(4)者與?”子曰:“弑父與君,亦不從也。”

 

【注釋】

(1)季子然:魯國季氏的同族人。

(2)曾:乃。

(3)具臣:普通的臣子。

(4)之:代指季氏。當時冉求和子路都是季氏的家臣。

 

【白話】

季子然問:“仲由和冉求能算大臣嗎?”孔子說:“我還以為您在問別人,原來您問的是這倆位。所謂大臣,應以仁道輔佐君主,不行也不強求。現在他們二人,可算是充數的臣子。” 季子然說:“那他們是否絕對聽話?”孔子說:“當然殺父弑君的事,他們也不會跟著幹。”

 

【英譯】

Ji Zturan asked: “Zhong You and Ran Qiu can be considered competent ministers?” Confucius said: “I thought you had asked me about others. So you’re asking me about these two guys.  It seems to me that they should be considered two stopgaps.” Ji Zturan said: “Do they obey orders absolutely or not?” Confucius said: “If they are ordered to kill their fathers and the lord, they certainly do not obey.”

 

【原文】

11·25 子路使子羔為費宰。子曰:“賊(1)夫人之子(2)。”子路曰:“有民人焉,有社稷(3)焉,何必讀書,然後為學?”子曰:“是故惡(4)夫佞者。”

 

【注釋】

(1)賊:害。

(2)夫人之子:指子羔。孔子認為他沒有經過很好的學習就去從政,這會害了他自己的。

(3)社稷:社,土地神。稷,穀神。這裏“社稷”指祭祀土地神和穀神的地方,即社稷壇。古代國都及各地都設立社稷壇,分別由國君和地方長官主祭,故社稷成為國家政權的象征。

 

【譯文】

子路讓子羔去作費地的長官。孔子說:“這簡直是害人子弟。”子路說:“那個地方有百姓,有土地,服務百姓和治理土地都是學習,難道一定要讀書才算學習嗎?”孔子說:“這真是在強詞奪理。”

 

【英譯】

Ztu Lu asked Ztu Gao to be the leader of Fei district. Confucius said: “You’re simple doing harm to him.” Ztu Lu said: “There are people and lands in that place. Serving the people and administrating the state can also be considered studies. How can it be necessary to read books?” Confucius said: “You’re simply using lame arguments.”

 

【原文】

11·26 子路、曾皙(1)、冉有、公西華侍坐。子曰:“以吾一日長乎爾,毋吾以也(2)。居(3)則曰:‘不吾知也!’如或知爾,則何以哉(4)?”子路率爾(5)而對曰:“千乘之國,攝(6)乎大國之間,加之以師旅,因之以饑饉,由也為之,比及(7)三年,可使有勇,且知方也(8)。”夫子哂(9)之。“求,爾何如?”對曰:“方六七十(10),如(11)五六十,求也為之,比及三年,可使足民。如其禮樂,以俟君子。”“赤,爾何如?”對曰:“非曰能之,願學焉。宗廟之事(12),如會同(13),端章甫(14),願為小相(15)焉。”“點,爾何如?”鼓瑟希(16),鏗爾,舍瑟而作(17),對曰:“異乎三子者之撰。”子曰:“何傷乎?亦各言其誌也。”曰:“莫(18)春者,春服既成,冠者(19)五六人,童子六七人,浴乎沂(20),風乎舞雩(21),詠而歸。”夫子喟然歎曰:“吾與點也!”三子者出,曾皙後。曾皙曰:“夫三子者之言何如?”子曰:“亦各言其誌也已矣。”曰:“夫子何哂由也?”曰:“為國以禮。其言不讓,是故哂之。”唯(22)求則非邦也與?”“安見方六七十如五六十而非邦也者?”“唯赤則非邦也與?”“宗廟會同,非諸侯而何?赤也為之小,孰能為之大?”

 

【注釋】

(1)曾皙:名點,字子皙,曾參的父親,也是孔子的學生。

(2)以吾一日長乎爾,毋以也:雖然我比你們的年齡稍長一些,而不敢說話。

(3)居:平日。

(4)則何以哉:何以,即何以為用。

(5)率爾:輕率、急切。

(6)攝:迫於、夾於。

(7)比及:比,音bì。等到。

(8)方:方向。

(9)哂:音shěn,譏諷地微笑。

(10)方六七十:縱橫各六七十裏。

(11)如:或者。

(12)宗廟之事:指祭祀之事。

(13)會同:諸侯會見。

(14)瑞章甫:端,古代禮服的名稱。章甫,古代禮帽的名稱。

(15)相:讚禮人,司儀。

(16)希:同“稀”,指彈瑟的速度放慢,節奏逐漸稀疏。

(17)作:站起來。

(18)莫:同“暮”。

(19)冠者:成年人。古代子弟到20歲時行冠禮,表示已經成年。

(20)浴乎沂:沂,水名,發源於山東南部,流經江蘇北部入海。在水邊洗頭麵手足。

(21)舞雩:雩,音yú。地名,原是祭天求雨的地方,在今山東曲阜。

(22)唯:語首詞,沒有什麽意義。

 

【白話】

子路、曾皙、冉有、公西華陪坐,孔子說:“不要顧及我年長,而不敢講真話。你們經常說,沒人理解你們,如果有人理解並重用你們,你們打算咋辦?

子路急忙說:“較大國家,夾在大國之間,外有強敵入侵,內有饑荒肆虐,我來管理,隻要三年,可使人人有勇氣,個個講道義。”

孔子微笑。“冉求,你怎樣?

冉求答:“方圓幾十裏的地方,我來治理,隻要三年,可使百姓衣食充足,至於精神文明,要等能人來教化。”

孔子問:“公西赤,你怎樣?

公西赤答:“我不敢說能幹好,但願意學習。祭祀的事,外交的事,我願穿著禮服,做個助理。

孔子問:“曾點,你怎樣?

曾皙彈琴正接近尾聲,他鏗地一聲放下琴,站起來說:“我與他們三位不同。”

孔子說:“說說有什麽關係?隻是各談各的誌向而已。”

曾點說:“暮春三月,穿上春天的衣服,約上五六人,帶上六七個童子,在沂水邊沐浴,在高坡上吹風,一路唱著歌而回。”

夫子感歎說:“我欣賞曾點的情趣。”

其他三人走後,曾皙問:“他們三人的話怎樣?

孔子說:“隻是各談各的誌向而已。”

曾皙說:“您為何笑仲由呢?

孔子說:“治國要講禮讓,他的話一點也不謙虛,所以笑他。”

曾皙又問:“冉求談的是治國嗎?

孔子說:“怎麽見得治理方圓幾十裏的地方就不是治國呢?

曾皙又問:“公西赤談的是治國嗎?

孔子說:“祭祀和外交,不是國家大事是什麽?如果公西赤隻能當助理,誰能當總理?

 

【英譯】

子路、曾皙、冉有、公西華陪坐,孔子說:“不要顧及我年長,而不敢講真話。你們經常說,沒人理解你們,如果有人理解並重用你們,你們打算怎麽辦?

Accompanied by Ztu Lu, Zeng Zhe and Gongxi Hua, Confucius sat there saying: “Don’t consider my age too much to be out-spoken. You often said that no one could well understand you. If some people can well understand you and entrust you with important work, what are you going to do?”

 

子路急忙說:“較大國家,夾在大國之間,外有強敵入侵,內有饑荒肆虐,我來管理,隻要三年,可使人人有勇氣,個個講道義。”

Ztu Lu said in a hurry: “If a relatively big country is sandwiched by big countries and suffer from outer invasion and inner famine, I’d like to govern this country. Only within three years, I can make everyone brave and act according to the principles of humanity.”

 

孔子微笑。“冉求,你怎樣?

Confucius smiled and asked: “Ran Qiu, how about you?”

 

冉求答:“方圓幾十裏的地方,我來治理,隻要三年,可使百姓衣食充足,至於精神文明,要等能人來教化。”

Ran Qiu replied: “If there is a place which has a circumference of ten li, I can govern it. Only three years are needed for me to make people well-fed and well-clothed. Yet, as for the problem of spiritual civilization, a capable man is needed to solve it.

 

孔子問:“公西赤,你怎樣?

Confucius asked: “Gongxi Chi, how about you?”

 

公西赤答:“我不敢說能幹好,但願意學習。祭祀的事,外交的事,我願穿著禮服,做個助理。

Gongxi Chi replied: “I don’t dare to say that I can do it well, but I’m willing to learn. As to  sacrifice offering and foreign affairs, I’m willing to be an assistant in ceremonial dress.”

 

孔子問:“曾點,你怎樣?

Confucius asked: “Zeng Dian, how bout you?”

 

曾皙彈琴正接近尾聲,他鏗地一聲放下琴,站起來說:“我與他們三位不同。”

Zeng Zhe’s lute playing was coming to an end when he threw his lute onto the ground with a bang and stood up, saying: “I’m different from these three ones.”

 

孔子說:“說說有什麽關係?隻是各談各的誌向而已。”

Confucius said: “What does it matter to say something? It’s only a problem of expressing their respective ideals.”

 

曾點說:“暮春三月,穿上春天的衣服,約上五六人,帶上六七個童子,在沂水邊沐浴,在高坡上吹風,一路唱著歌而回。”

Zeng Dian said: “In late March, I’d like to wear spring clothing, invite five or six people, take six or seven kids and have a bath near the bank of Xishui, expose myself to the wind on a high hill, and finally come back home singing all the way.”

 

夫子感歎說:“我欣賞曾點的情趣。”

The master sighed with feeling and said: “I appreciate Zeng Dian’s delight.”

 

其他三人走後,曾皙問:“他們三人的話怎樣?

After these three people left, Zeng Zhe asked: “How about the remarks of these three people?”

 

孔子說:“隻是各談各的誌向而已。”

Confucius said: “It’s only a problem of expressing their respective ideals.”

 

曾皙說: “您為何笑仲由呢?

Zeng Zhe said: “Why are you laughing at Zhong You?”

 

孔子說:“治國要講禮讓,他的話一點也不謙虛,所以笑他。”

Confucius said: “If you want to govern a country, you should give up something for the sake of courtesy. But he didn’t say anything modest, so I laughed at him.”

 

曾皙又問:“冉求談的是治國嗎?

Zeng Zhe asked again: “Did Ran Qiu say anything about governing a country?”

 

孔子說:“怎麽見得治理方圓幾十裏的地方就不是治國呢?

Confucius said: “How can you know governing a place in a circumferece of several decades of li is not governing a country?”

 

曾皙又問:“公西赤談的是治國嗎?

Zeng Zhe asked again: “What Gongxi Chi said is something about administering a country?”

 

孔子說:“祭祀和外交,不是國家大事是什麽?如果公西赤隻能當助理,誰能當大相?

Confucius said: “If sacrifice offering and foreign affairs are not big national issues, then what are they? If Gongxi Chi is fit for an assistant only, then who is fit for a high official?”

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