簡評 - 電影《紐倫堡審判》

MGM, 1961 ， Black and White, 3 hours 6 minutes

如此冗長的黑白片，如此老舊的話題，本來以為會大用快進鍵，匆匆瀏覽而已。誰知堅守了前三分鍾後，就欲罷不能。最後是看了兩遍，還外加搜羅 Internet 上的相關資料。

紐倫堡審判，是希特勒、戈林、戈培爾等大頭目自殺後，美國軍事法庭對納粹德國幾個重臣、法官、教授的審判，是對全體德國人的審判，更是對整個文明社會人類良知的審判。

威嚴的政權法律、崇高的國家利益可以淩駕於普世的人道價值之上嗎？人的個體價值置於怎樣的地位？精英是否比“劣等人”有更高的生存和繁衍權利？在利益和正義受到威脅時，是否應該援用敵人的非正義手段，以其人之道還治其人之身呢？合乎邏輯就合乎真理和正義嗎？德國人真的對種族滅絕的法西斯殺戮不知情，還是不願知情？僅僅是希特勒、日耳曼民族或雅麗安人獨有的性格缺陷嗎？絕對權力在其它國度被濫用是否也會導致同樣極端的恐怖？

亞寧的個人悲劇真的那麽個人，那麽獨特嗎？He admitted he was worse than all other defendents, while he wrote earlier on the signing of the Weimar constitution: "Now we can look forward to a Germany without guns and bloodshed... a Germany of justice, where men can live instead of die... a Germany of purpose, of freedom, of humanity... a Germany that calls for the best in man. "

如果斯大林、梵蒂岡和丘吉爾早先不給希特勒簽約、放行、背書呢？

如果希特勒的奮鬥因為曆史的機緣成功了呢？

Prosecutor’s Opening Statement : “Your Honor, the case is unusual in that the defendants are charged with crimes committed in the name of the law. These men are the embodiment of what passed for justice in the Third Reich. As judges on the bench you will be sitting in judgment of judges in the dock. This is how it should be. For only a judge knows how much more a court is than a courtroom. It is a process and a spirit. It is the House of Law. The defendants knew this too. They knew courtrooms well. They sat in their black robes. And they distorted and they perverted and they destroyed justice in Germany. They are, perhaps more than others, guilty of complicity in murders, tortures, atrocities—the most cruel and devastating this world has ever seen. Here they will receive the justice they denied others.”

Defense’s Opening Statement: “If the defendant is to be found guilty, certain implications must arise. A judge does not make the law. He carries out the laws of his country, be it a democracy or a dictatorship. The statement, ‘My country right or wrong,’ was expressed by a great American patriot. It is no less true for a German patriot. Should the defendant have carried out the laws of his country? Or should he have refused to carry them out and become a traitor?”

Judgment: “This trial has shown that under a national crisis, ordinary, even able and extraordinary men can delude themselves into the commission of crimes against humanity. How easily it can happen. There are those in our own country too that today speak of the protection of country, of survival. A decision must be made in the life of every nation, at the very moment when the grasp of the enemy is at its throat; then it seems that the only way to survive is to use the means of the enemy, to wrest survival on what is expedient, to look the other way. Only the answer to that is... survival as what? A country isn’t a rock; it’s not an extension of one’s self. It’s what it stands for. It’s what it stands for when standing for something is the most difficult. Before the people of the world, here in our decision, this is what we stand for – justice, truth, and the value of a single human being.”

Defendant Ernst Janning : There was a fever over the land. A fever of disgrace, of indignity, of hunger. We had a democracy, yes, but it was torn by elements within. Above all, there was fear. Fear of today, fear of tomorrow, fear of our neighbors, and fear of ourselves. Only when you understand that - can you understand what Hitler meant to us. Because he said to us: 'Lift your heads! Be proud to be German! There are devils among us. Communists, Liberals, Jews, Gypsies! Once these devils will be destroyed, your misery will be destroyed.' It was the old, old story of the sacrifical lamb. What about those of us who knew better? We who knew the words were lies and worse than lies? Why did we sit silent? Why did we take part? Because we loved our country! What difference does it make if a few political extremists lose their rights? What difference does it make if a few racial minorities lose their rights? It is only a passing phase. It is only a stage we are going through. It will be discarded sooner or later. Hitler himself will be discarded... sooner or later. The country is in danger. We will march out of the shadows. We will go forward. Forward is the great password. And history tells how well we succeeded, your honor. We succeeded beyond our wildest dreams. The very elements of hate and power about Hitler that mesmerized Germany, mesmerized the world! We found ourselves with sudden powerful allies. Things that had been denied to us as a democracy were open to us now. The world said 'go ahead, take it, take it! Take Sudetenland, take the Rhineland - remilitarize it - take all of Austria, take it! And then one day we looked around and found that we were in an even more terrible danger. The ritual began in this courtoom swept over the land like a raging, roaring disease. What was going to be a passing phase had become the way of life. Your honor, I was content to sit silent during this trial. I was content to tend my roses. I was even content to let counsel try to save my name, until I realized that in order to save it, he would have to raise the specter again. You have seen him do it - he has done it here in this courtroom. He has suggested that the Third Reich worked for the benefit of people. He has suggested that we sterilized men for the welfare of the country. He has suggested that perhaps the old Jew did sleep with the sixteen year old girl, after all. Once more it is being done for love of country. It is not easy to tell the truth; but if there is to be any salvation for Germany, we who know our guilt must admit it... whatever the pain and humiliation.

Judge Dan Haywood : Janning, to be sure, is a tragic figure. We believe he *loathed* the evil he did. But compassion for the present torture of his soul must not beget forgetfulness of the torture and death of millions by the government of which he was a part. Janning's record and his fate illuminate the most shattering truth that has emerged from this trial. If he and the other defendants were all depraved perverts - if the leaders of the Third Reich were sadistic monsters and maniacs - these events would have no more moral significance than an earthquake or other natural catastrophes. But this trial has shown that under the stress of a national crisis, men - even able and extraordinary men - can delude themselves into the commission of crimes and atrocities so vast and heinous as to stagger the imagination. No one who has sat through this trial can ever forget. The sterilization of men because of their political beliefs... The murder of children... How *easily* that can happen! There are those in our country today, too, who speak of the "protection" of the country. Of "survival". The answer to that is: *survival as what*? A country isn't a rock. And it isn't an extension of one's self. *It's what it stands for, when standing for something is the most difficult!* Before the people of the world - let it now be noted in our decision here that this is what *we* stand for: *justice, truth... and the value of a single human being!*

Note: The real-life Nuremberg Tribunal found the Nazi judges guilty of crimes against humanity, concluding that “the dagger of the assassin was concealed beneath the robe of the jurist.”

Awards: Won 2 Academy/Oscars. Another 12 wins & 18 nominations

Click below to access the subtitles from the movie "Judgment at Nuremberg":
http://blog.wenxuecity.com/blogview.php?date=200611&postID=21952

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去GOOGLE了一下，今天是“紐倫堡審判”61年，謝謝糊塗推薦。