Science, Philosophy, and Religion: Three Human Languages
SeetoMD
Why use “language” to describe science, philosophy, and religion? Because language is not only a tool for human communication, but also a carrier of thought and meaning. Each language has its unique function and logic rules, used to describe phenomena or problems in specific fields. For example, the language of science centers on evidence and logic, the language of philosophy excels in abstraction and reflection, while the language of religion focuses on symbolism and the expression of faith.
This metaphor of “language” is especially important because it reveals that these fields are not entirely isolated; they can communicate through “translation.” For instance, scientists may not directly understand the meaning of religious texts, just as religious leaders may not be able to explain natural phenomena using scientific models. The process of translation requires not only respect for the different language systems but also a deep understanding of each language’s specific function within its cultural context and field. Therefore, viewing science, philosophy, and religion as three “languages” is more effective than simply categorizing them into different “regions” or “domains.” This perspective better reflects their independence, their potential for interconnectedness, and the necessity of dialogue.
I aim to explore these three human-created forms of expression from the perspective of language, analyzing their unique functions and limitations, and discussing how “translation” can facilitate mutual understanding and collaboration across different fields.
Boundaries and Intersections of Language
Independence:
Science focuses on empirical evidence, philosophy on reflection, and religion on meaning. These core functions are fundamentally different, just as the grammar and vocabulary of three languages differ at their core.
Intersections:
On ultimate questions about the universe, ethics, and social issues, these three languages need to engage in dialogue. For example, science can provide data support for ethics, philosophy can offer methodological reflection for science, and religion can provide the practical foundation for ethics.
Respecting Limitations:
As Wittgenstein said, “Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent.” Different languages should respect each other’s boundaries, avoiding blind encroachment or misinterpretation.
Establishing Dialogue Through Translation
Incommensurability of Languages:
Science, philosophy, and religion can sometimes seem like three languages that do not communicate with each other, and without translation, dialogue is impossible. Scientists and religious leaders often argue due to differences in concepts, reflecting the distinctness of these language systems.
The Importance of Translation:
The language of philosophy can serve as a bridge between science and religion, transforming abstract concepts into more easily understood content. Humanity needs more “translators” to build bridges between these three fields and promote dialogue.
A Shared Future for the Three Languages
Science, philosophy, and religion are three human-created languages, each providing tools for understanding and expressing different aspects of the world.
• Science brings the power of technology and evidence.
• Philosophy brings the wisdom of reflection and critique.
• Religion brings certainty and emotional support for meaning.
Although they have different boundaries, through dialogue and translation, they can collectively drive human civilization forward. In this diverse and complex world, we must learn to respect the uniqueness of these languages while using their intersections to create a more harmonious and progressive society.
