歧視觀點自古都是把平等運動被稱為“得勢”，不管是猶太人，黑人，還是同性戀人，都是這麽被看。

By the 1780s there were about 40,000 to 50,000 Jews in France, chiefly centered in Bordeaux, Metz, and a few other cities. They had very limited rights and opportunities, apart from the money-lending business, but their status was not illegal.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_emancipation

猶太解放運動（英語：Jewish emancipation）是歐洲猶太人權利自18世紀起從外在和內在同時爭取的這一進程。包括同等公民權利的認定，以及個人公民身份的授予等。成果來自於社區內的努力，使得得以整合進入社會而成為公民.