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舊文:「順手一帖:Simons,楊振寧和纖維叢」(關東行者)

(2024-05-26 00:30:45) 下一個

行者按:Renaissance Technologies的James Simons(James Harris Simons,April 25, 1938 – May 10, 2024)日前去世,讓我想起以前在新浪博客上寫有一篇短文(記於2011-10-15)。行者在新浪博客裡的博文大部分不可見,但這篇「順手寫在網邊」的短文尚在。轉於此,一併「幾曾回首」論壇,算是一個紀念。

順手一帖:Simons,楊振寧和纖維叢

近日在“新雨絲”看到楊振寧先生的一篇紀念文章[1], 談到“七十年代我了解了規範場[Gauge Theory]與數學家的纖維叢[Fiber bundle]的密切關係,了解了美妙的陳氏級[Chern class]”以及“如果韋伊[Weil]1948年的猜想是對的,那麽陳先生的開創性的陳氏級等數學工作的重要性就要旁及物理世界的最最基本結構了”。

這讓我想起了前一段時間看到的一個采訪錄像,James Simons and C.N. Yang: Stony Brook Masters Series [2] - 但對采訪的最初了解還是從Woit的博客看到的[3]。

Jim Simons(1938-)一生傳奇,學數學出身,早年畢業於MIT(本科)和UC Berkeley(博士)。他一度在大學教過書,後來辭職去創立並管理一個“對衝基金”(Renaissance Technologies),從中賺了大錢;現在退了休,集中精力做慈善[4]。

去年十二月,Simons作為傑出校友回MIT有個演講,“Mathematics, Common Sense, and Good Luck: My Life and Careers”。行者以前曾仔細讀過江才健寫的“楊振寧傳”。所以,從此Simons的經曆,行者立即想到他應該就是七十年代在紐約州大石溪分校(State University of New York at Stony Brook)的那個數學係主任Simons。果然,Woit的記錄和那段采訪,驗證了行者的猜想。

They describe how Yang went to Simons to try and find out about fiber bundles and what they might have to do with gauge theory. Simons started by referring Yang to Steenrod’s The Topology of Fibre Bundles, which Yang couldn’t make any sense of (Simons admits he never made it all the way through the book himself). This did in the end lead Simons and Yang to some real understanding of how vector potentials in gauge theory and connections on bundles were the same thing, with monopoles examples of topologically non-trivial bundles. Simons lectured at Stony Brook in 1975 on this, and a paper later that year by Wu and Yang included what became known as the “Wu-Yang dictionary” relating terminology in gauge theory and geometry. Singer learned about this soon thereafter when he visited Stony Brook, and went on to spread the news to Oxford, MIT and elsewhere (Woit).

這一點,在楊振寧先生自己的“論文自選評論集”[5]裏也有涉及:

It gradually became clear that field theorists must learn the mathematical concept of fibre bundles. In early 1975, I invited Jim Simons to give my colleages and me a series of luncheon lectures on differential forms and fibre bundles. He kindly accepted the invitation, and we learned about the Stoke's theorem, the de Rham theorem, and so on. What we learned allowed us to understand the mathematical meaning of the Bohm-Aharonov experiment and the Dirac quantization rule of electric and magnetic monopoles. T.T.Wu and I later also understood the profound and very general Chern-Weil theorem. We appreciated that gauge fields have global geometrical connections (not to be confused with physicists' global phase factors) that are naturally formulated in terms of fibre bundle concepts. 

後來楊振寧先生由衷地寫道:

七十年代我了解了規範場與數學家的纖維叢的密切關係,了解了美妙的陳氏級,寫了一首詩《讚陳氏級》:“天衣豈無縫,匠心剪接成。渾然歸一體,廣邃妙絕倫。造化愛幾何,四力纖維能。千古寸心事,歐高黎嘉陳。”

因為一直關注楊李兩位大師,記於此備存。

(完)

NOTE

1,“菩薩、量子數與陳氏級”, 楊振寧(原編者按  2011年10月28日是國際數學大師陳省身先生(1911-2004)百年誕辰,他創立的南開大學陳省身數學研究所及美國國家數學研究所(MSRI)屆時將聯合舉辦紀念會議。陳先生的學生和好友、諾貝爾物理學獎得主楊振寧先生為此撰寫了一篇紀念文章,並授權《物理》雜誌及《中國青年報》同時刊發。)
2, James Simons and C.N. Yang: Stony Brook Masters Series。
3, Interview With Simons and Yang, Peter Woit (Not Even Wrong)
4,On December 9, 2010, MIT and the Dean of Science welcomed Dr. Jim Simons back to campus to give the School of Science Dean’s Colloquium entitled, “Mathematics, Common Sense, and Good Luck: My Life and Careers.” Simons talked about his careers first as a mathematician, then as founder and CEO of a successful hedge fund, and now as a philanthropist (Excerpt from Science @ MIT, Spring 2011).
5, Selected papers, 1945-1980, with commentary By Chen Ning Yang (Google Book)

附圖:“Selected papers, 1945-1980, with commentary”(局部)

題後話:北京清華校園裡有座叫Chern-Simons Hall的專家公寓,是James Simons二十年前捐贈的。有關這個捐贈,網上有過報導(截取片段如下)。

「2001年10月,應老朋友楊振寧的盛情邀請,西蒙斯偕夫人乘專機首次來到中國,訪問清華大學。他在清華大學經濟管理學院為師生們做學術報告[13],其中介紹了他從數學家到華爾街的個人經曆:他運用統計方法建立風險投資的數學預測模型,並不斷地完善和提高,現在他的數學預測模型在他的決策經營中發揮著決定性的作用;西蒙斯認為,他的成功幸運占了一定的成分,但如何利用自己的常識判斷來抓住這些機會,是非常關鍵的。而更重要的是數學使他走上了成功之路。訪問中,西蒙斯決定為清華大學捐資建造專家公寓,楊振寧為該公寓取名為“陳-西蒙斯樓”(Chern-Simons Hall)。2005年10月28日,西蒙斯夫婦又專程從美國趕來,為公寓的落成剪彩。」

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