美國病理學家、分子病毒學家James Robb醫學博士的建議- 洗手交響樂：））

朋友轉給我的大意如下：（英文見最後）

 

 

 

 

 

 

此詳細建議來自加利福尼亞大學聖地亞哥分校的病理學家和分子病毒學家James Robb，醫學博士。 Robb博士分享了一些預防措施清單，也許我們還不知道我們應該采取這些措施來限製傳染！

對於即將發生的COVID-19（冠狀病毒）大流行，我正在做什麽準備？

親愛的同事們，

你們中有些人可能還記得，當我是加利福尼亞大學聖地亞哥分校的病理學教授時，我是世界上最早研究冠狀病毒的分子病毒學家之一??（1970年代）。我是第一個證明該病毒包含的基因數量的人。從那時起，我就跟蹤冠狀病毒領域的研究及其從不同動物源傳給人類（例如SARS，MERS）的多種臨床轉移。

由於全球數據持續不足，目前對它在美國擴張的預測是可能的，但最有可能是在3月中旬至4月中旬在美國廣泛傳播。

這是我已開始做的事情以及我即將采取的預防措施。這些措施也是我目前在流感季節使用的對付流感的相同預防措施，除了口罩和手套之外。

1）不要握手！使用拳頭，肘部的輕觸等示意一下就好。

2）僅用指節觸摸電燈開關及電梯按鈕等。用紙巾或使用一次性手套來開關煤氣。

3）用閉合的拳頭或臀部打開門-除非沒有其他打開門的方法，否則不要用手抓門的把手。
對於浴室，郵局和商業門上尤其要注意。

4）到商店時，請使用消毒濕巾，包括擦拭雜物車上的把手和兒童座椅。

5）每當您從涉及有他人呆過的地方的任何活動返回家中時，請用肥皂洗手10-20秒和/或使用大於60％的酒精類洗手液。

6）在您家的每個入口處都準備一瓶消毒液。在車上備一瓶，您可以在加完油或接觸其他受汙染的物體後因無法立即洗手時來使用。

7）盡可能在咳嗽或打噴嚏時，用一次性紙巾捂住並將紙直接丟棄到垃圾箱。僅在必要時才使用肘部遮擋，因為肘部的衣服也很可呢包含傳染性病毒，而這些病毒的傳播性可長達一周或更長時間！

我為很大可能的美國大流行傳播所準備的庫存：

1）購物，使用汽油泵加油時以及參加所有其他室外活動有可能接觸汙染區域時，使用乳膠或丁腈乳膠一次性手套。

注意：該病毒通過咳嗽和打噴嚏噴出的大液滴的形式傳播。這意味著您不會因空氣吸入而受到感染！但是這些飛沫降落的所有表麵平均具有傳染性且傳染性可持續大約一周左右-與感染者相關的所有物體都會被汙染並具有潛在的傳染性。該病毒是附在物體表麵的。除非您未受保護的臉部直接被對著咳嗽或打噴嚏，否則您是不會被感染的。該病毒僅具有肺細胞的細胞受體（僅感染肺部）。唯一感染該病毒的方法是通過鼻子，嘴巴，手，被感染的帶有病毒的咳嗽或打噴嚏，比如打噴嚏到鼻子或嘴巴上。

2）現在要存些一次性外科口罩，並用它們來防止您觸摸鼻子，嘴巴（我們平均每天會不知不覺觸摸鼻子，嘴90次！）。這是該病毒感染您的唯一方法-它是肺特異性的。口罩不會阻止直接打噴嚏的病毒進入您的鼻子或嘴巴-口罩隻是防止您自己（帶病毒的手）去觸摸自己的鼻子或嘴巴。

3）現在應該儲備洗手液和乳膠/丁腈手套（為您的家人準備合適的尺碼）。洗手液必須基於酒精的那種，並且酒精含量要大於60％才能有效。

4）現在庫存含鋅錠劑（zinc lozenges）。這些錠劑已被證明可有效阻止冠狀病毒（和大多數其他病毒）在您的喉嚨和鼻咽中繁殖。當您開始感覺到任何“感冒”症狀時，請每天按指示使用幾次。最好躺下，讓錠劑溶解在您的喉嚨和鼻咽後部。 Cold-Eeze錠劑是一個可用的品牌，但還有其他可用的品牌。

我和其他許多人一樣，希望這種流行病能夠得到合理遏製，但我個人認為不會。人類以前從未遇見過這種與蛇相關的病毒，也沒有體內的防禦措施（抗體）。全球正在作出巨大的努力來了解這種病毒的分子和臨床病毒學。關於這種病毒的基因組學，結構和毒力已經獲得了令人難以置信的分子方麵的知識。但是，今年將沒有可以用的藥物或疫苗來保護我們或阻止病毒在我們體內的感染。隻是可以緩解改善一下症狀。

我希望這些個人想法對這一潛在的災難性病毒大流行有所幫助。歡迎您分享此電子郵件。
祝大家好運！
吉姆
詹姆斯·羅伯

 

 

英文原文：

This detailed advice comes from the pathologist and molecular virologist James Robb, MD, of the University of California-San Diego. Dr. Robb shares a list of precautions we may not know that we should be taking to limit our contagion!

What I am doing for the upcoming COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic?

Dear Colleagues,
As some of you may recall, when I was a professor of pathology at the University of California San Diego, I was one of the first molecular virologists in the world to work on coronaviruses (the 1970s). I was the first to demonstrate the number of genes the virus contained. Since then, I have kept up with the coronavirus field and its multiple clinical transfers into the human population (e.g., SARS, MERS), from different animal sources.
The current projections for its expansion in the US are only probable, due to continued insufficient worldwide data, but it is most likely to be widespread in the US by mid to late March and April.
Here is what I have done and the precautions that I take and will take. These are the same precautions I currently use during our influenza seasons, except for the mask and gloves.:
1) NO HANDSHAKING! Use a fist bump, slight bow, elbow bump, etc.
2) Use ONLY your knuckle to touch light switches. elevator buttons, etc.. Lift the gasoline dispenser with a paper towel or use a disposable glove.
3) Open doors with your closed fist or hip - do not grasp the handle with your hand, unless there is no other way to open the door.
Especially important on bathroom and post office/commercial doors.
4) Use disinfectant wipes at the stores when they are available, including wiping the handle and child seat in grocery carts.
5) Wash your hands with soap for 10-20 seconds and/or use a greater than 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer whenever you return home from ANY activity that involves locations where other people have been.
6) Keep a bottle of sanitizer available at each of your home's entrances. AND in your car for use after getting gas or touching other contaminated objects when you can't immediately wash your hands.
7) If possible, cough or sneeze into a disposable tissue and discard. Use your elbow only if you have to. The clothing on your elbow will contain infectious virus that can be passed on for up to a week or more!
What I have stocked in preparation for the pandemic spread to the US:
1) Latex or nitrile latex disposable gloves for use when going shopping, using the gasoline pump, and all other outside activity when you come in contact with contaminated areas.
Note: This virus is spread in large droplets by coughing and sneezing. This means that the air will not infect you! BUT all the surfaces where these droplets land are infectious for about a week on average - everything that is associated with infected people will be contaminated and potentially infectious. The virus is on surfaces and you will not be infected unless your unprotected face is directly coughed or sneezed upon. This virus only has cell receptors for lung cells (it only infects your lungs) The only way for the virus to infect you is through your nose or mouth via your hands or an infected cough or sneeze onto or into your nose or mouth.
2) Stock up now with disposable surgical masks and use them to prevent you from touching your nose and/or mouth (We touch our nose/mouth 90X/day without knowing it!). This is the only way this virus can infect you - it is lung-specific. The mask will not prevent the virus in a direct sneeze from getting into your nose or mouth - it is only to keep you from touching your nose or mouth.
3) Stock up now with hand sanitizers and latex/nitrile gloves (get the appropriate sizes for your family). The hand sanitizers must be alcohol-based and greater than 60% alcohol to be effective.
4) Stock up now with zinc lozenges. These lozenges have been proven to be effective in blocking coronavirus (and most other viruses) from multiplying in your throat and nasopharynx. Use as directed several times each day when you begin to feel ANY "cold-like" symptoms beginning. It is best to lie down and let the lozenge dissolve in the back of your throat and nasopharynx. Cold-Eeze lozenges is one brand available, but there are other brands available.
I, as many others do, hope that this pandemic will be reasonably contained, BUT I personally do not think it will be. Humans have never seen this snake-associated virus before and have no internal defense against it. Tremendous worldwide efforts are being made to understand the molecular and clinical virology of this virus. Unbelievable molecular knowledge about the genomics, structure, and virulence of this virus has already been achieved. BUT, there will be NO drugs or vaccines available this year to protect us or limit the infection within us. Only symptomatic support is available.
I hope these personal thoughts will be helpful during this potentially catastrophic pandemic. You are welcome to share this email.
Good luck to all of us!
Jim
James Robb