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細胞和基因組 ［英翻漢］
這是一篇以前的英翻漢習作，專業性不非常的強，貼上來看看有沒有人有興趣讀。非常的感謝有人啪磚敲打，不管是文字上還是甚至是意思上作一些調整，使之更符合原文。附原文在下，[Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition, pp3]。
》細胞和基因組
我們的地表充斥著各種各樣的生物。這是一個令人感到奇妙無比的世界，每一個個體都是一個錯綜複雜、有序的化工廠。它們從環境中吸取它們所需要的最基本的物質原料，作為它們的建築材料來建造和複製它們的自身。每一個生物都有它們非常獨特的地方，它們的多樣性似乎遍及各個方麵。一個老虎和一片海藻，一個細菌和一棵樹沒有一點相像的地方。然而，我們的先輩，那時候對細胞和DNA[基因]一無所知。但是，他們觀察到所有這些東西都有一個共同點，他們將這個共同點稱之為“生命”。他們為之感到非常好奇，試圖著手解釋它們是什麽。以非生命的物質為參照，他們絕望地發現他們無法得出這些讓他們感到困惑的答案，諸如它們究竟是什麽，它們如何與非生命的物質界定？
二十世紀的重大發現沒有減少人們一點對生命體的好奇心。他們現在已經在開始著手揭示生命本質的奧秘。今天，我們已經知道所有的生命體都是由細胞組成的，而這些生命的基本單位都有著大體相同的細胞器，行使它們最基本的功能。不同的生命個體，從外表來看，它們有無限多的變化；但是，如果反過來，由內向外作逆向觀察，卻發現它們幾乎完全一樣。整個生物學實際上就是兩個相互對立主題之間的對比：驚歎每一個生物體個體之間的特殊性，同時發現它們有驚人的、恒定不變的基本特征。在第一章中，我們首先概述所有生命的普遍特征。然後，我們簡要地作一點探究，了解細胞的多樣性。時至今日，我們已經有了共同的代碼來描述生物體的特征。這樣我們可以就其所有生物體的特征，來解讀，衡量和深入的分析這些特征的本質，以實現我們對所有生命體普遍一致性的理解，從最小的生命到最大的生物體。
Cell and Genome [Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th edition, pp3]
The surface of our planet is populated by living things-curious, intricately organized chemical factories that take in matter from their surroundings and use these raw materials to generate copies of themselves. The living organisms appear extraordinarily diverse in almost every way. What could be more different than a tiger and a piece of seaweed, or a bacterium and a tree? Yet our ancestors, knowing nothing of cells or DNA, saw that all these things had something in common. They called that something "life," marveled at it, struggled to define it, and despaired of explaining what it was or how it worked in terms that relate to nonliving matter.
The discoveries of the twentieth century have not diminished the marvel, quite the contrary. But they have lifted away the mystery surrounding the nature of life. We can now see that all living things are made of cells, and that these units of living matter all share the same machinery for their most basic functions. Living things, though infinitely varied when viewed from the outside, are fundamentally similar inside. The whole of biology is a counterpoint between the two themes: astonishing variety in individual particulars; astonishing constancy in fundamental mechanisms. In this first chapter we begin by outlining the features that are universal to all living things. We then survey, briefly, the diversity of cells. And we see how, thanks to the common code in which the specifications for all living organisms are written, it is possible to read, measure, and decipher these specifications to achieve a coherent understanding of all the forms of life, from the smallest to the greatest.
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