牆根兒

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對三年自然災害的思索

(2013-06-30 00:02:30) 下一個
關於文革之前的三年 “自然” 災害,見到過不少文章,書籍,和 評論。有人闡述事實,有人悲憤的評論,有人要追究曆史罪人,有人要求麵向未來而拋棄過去,有人認為那是胡扯造謠,更有人覺得負麵曆史要免提,民主論談的結果是七嘴八舌,都有道道,互不相讓,不亦樂乎。



究其原因,是因為所發言論觀點時的片麵性,完全不顧講話的大前提,或不講邏輯層次,或不懂感性理性
思維方式的特點,或更不以社會發展為利益。



具體的說,首先要實事求是,尊重事實,就是要以生命之源的大自然為思維參照,而不是以人的自我為中心參照,更不是毛澤東所希望的以社會為參照,這是想與講的大前提。認清三年災害的事實,是進一步思考分析的起點,事實的闡述往往是不完備不全麵的,這就要清楚邏輯層次,明白部分與整體,普遍與特殊,事情的不同方麵,以及時空關係,才能達到恰當整合事實片段,綜合完整理解曆史事件。不至於一聽到三年挨餓的故事就暴跳如雷,好像原子彈爆炸成功的事實也被否認掉了。



在思考三年災害時,開始是聽故事,找感覺,論人性,是運用感性思維進行綜合各種情況的過程,過程中的結論感慨都是階段性的,短期效應的,不能太當真。隨著感性認識的深刻,事實的全麵清晰,進入理性的係統的判斷思考和程度分析,以究其發生的動因,條件,和發展的邏輯過程。



在評論三年災害時,最流行的是感覺性評論,固然是以審美為準則,而對於人來說,以人為本,最醜陋莫過於一堆死屍。接下來出現兩個相矛盾的思想感情: 一個是淺顯的,死屍那是讓人惡心,要求這樣的實事場景不準再提了,記住馮小剛《一九四二》票房收入低迷的教訓了吧!;另一個是深刻的,人命關天是大事,要記住曆史事實,發人深思,分析理解教訓,希望醜陋不再重現。前者顯然是行動上的抹殺事實。後者做法是事出於感性而解決於理性思維,希望不要在理性的基礎上再做過分強烈的感性渲染。



更理性的評論是帶有強烈的社會發展的目的性和社會利益的責任感。麵向實際的考慮,社會不是個人,個人的罪責可以追究,但社會的罪責無人能承擔得了,毛澤東的偉大也不夠替代一個階層和時代來償還千萬人命。我們能得到三年災害的寶貴遺產隻有經驗教訓,不管鄧小平當時行為如何,但後來的認識還是十分深刻,雖有不高明之處,但還是很務實。社會意識形態的改朝換代會有副作用,前蘇聯建國之初的十年間,同樣也出現過饑餓潮。如果我們認為曆史事實就是用來討債和懲罰用的,而不是用於現實發展的經驗,那麽我們就確確實實是文化大革命的餘孽。如果我們依然相信推翻整個上層階層就能安魂三年災害的千萬餓鬼,結果很可能是十年後曆史重演,因為我們隻顧追求表麵合理,卻又回歸內在因果。



經驗教訓的作用能使思維的判斷更具體準確,要放棄表麵追求而善於準確理解本質並務實。





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牆根兒 回複 悄悄話 回複周芷若的評論:

我估計你一定是個非常伶俐之人,而且反應頗快,結交甚廣。
牆根兒 回複 悄悄話 回複唵啊吽的評論:

完全同意你的分析和論斷!!
不同性質的東西是不可比的,用定量的方式比較不同性質的東西或事情更是可笑的自欺欺人。
經濟學上有一個難題,即如何等價交換不同使用價值的東西?最後找到貨幣做中介物,進行定量交換,後來發現這個量(價格)根本與東西的使用價值沒關係,而隻跟供求相關,於是直到今天還在猛炒,結果麻煩不斷,。。。。
唵啊吽 回複 悄悄話 Some people compare Three Years of Disaster to Naking Massacre, and say Communist China kills more people than Naking Massacre. Such a comparing is totally wrong. It was true that many people died during Cultural Revolution and Communist government was responsible for that. Chinese people and Communist Party have all admitted that. Just like every year many people died of gun crime in US. US people and government admit the fact and everybody know that it’s the reasonability of US government to reduce the gun crimes. Saying Communist China kills more people than Nanking massacre, however, is just the same as saying democratic America kills more American than 911 attract. As every year about 10 thousands of American was killed in gun crimes.

The difference between Culture Revelation as well as three years of disaster and Nanking massacre is just the same as between US gun crimes and 911. One is due to social instability and bad government policies, and other is due to foreign invasion. During Culture Revolution, the death rate is much higher for government officials and CCP officials than the rate in other group. Saying communist China kills more people than Nanking massacre is just the same as saying Democratic America is killing more America than 911. During three years of disaster, many poor Chinese died of hunger, Chinese people know that, and Chinese government know that, and they all know something is not correct, just like US people know that so many gun crimes in US is not correct. There are more poor people died in three years of disaster than government officials is just like there are more poor people fall as gun crimes victims in US. There must be some communists died during three years of disasters, and many who died have relatives as communists. As we know, during civil war in China, it was the most poor who joint the Communist Party. 1959 was only 10 year after civil war and majority of Chinese population was still in countryside. At that time, most of government and party officials were come from the countryside and come from poor families. If there are someone who wants to killed Chinese people intentionally during 1959-1961 and Cultural Revolution, then it should be United States and Soviet Union. They succeed in putting economic sanction on China, which led to humanitarian disasters indirectly.

Communist China is bad. Chinese know it. But Chinese are not foolish enough to overthrow it, as they know that the present China is still the best among all other forms of governments they tried since Opium War. Since Opium War, Chinese tried democracy under Sun Yet-sent but all the Western countries, including democratic ones, just support local war lords in China to extent their state interest at the expense of Chinese democracy and at the expense of Chinese people. That’s why Dr. Sun turned to Soviet and welcomed Communist in China.

In the last a few decades, poverty population reduced all over the world, and China made the number one contribution in reducing world poverty. Many poor peasants of yesterday are rich entrepreneurs today in China, thanks to market economy adapted by Communist China. Regardless the label put on China as communist or capitalist, the present Chinese government works for the better of China and the world.
周芷若 回複 悄悄話 你這說的是鳥語?沒看懂。也許你就是不想讓人看懂吧,
登錄後才可評論.