【翻譯聽寫】練習之17 - 原文 + 注釋 (An Important Aspect of College Life)

An Important Aspect of College Life
 
　　
It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our colleges in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in it; in such a way that a perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training(1), be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize(2) how interesting intellectual work is, how vital, how important, how closely associated with(3) all modern achievement- only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty things; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding.
 
It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical'' and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think.
 
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   by Woodrow Wilson

注釋:

(1) as places of serious training：進行嚴格訓練的地方。用as引出的這個詞組用來進一步說明前麵的主語they(指colleges)。
(2) come fully to realize；(逐漸)充分認識到。
(3) how closely associated with…：與……多麽緊密聯係。此處associated為過去分詞，how closely associated with all modern achievement與how vital， how important並列，用來補充說明前麵的how interesting intellectual work is, 它們後麵可以看作都各自省略了不起intellectual work is.

[EnLearner]

It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is "practical'' and connected with the world.

這是一個強調句:
It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is....

 
強調句可有（不限於）以下句型：

It + Be (+ Not And/Or Adverb) + Emphasised Word/Phrease + That(Who) Clause
Or
Wh-Clauss + Be + Emphasised Word/Phrase

例如：

SENTENCE Mike took Sally to the party on Saturday.

改成強調句可有下麵幾種方法（根據要強調的成分）：

EMPHASIS ON THE SUBJECT   It was Mike who took Sally to the party on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE OBJECT   It was Sally that Mike took to the party on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE ADVERBIAL   It was on Saturday that Mike took Sally to the party.
EMPHASIS ON THE PREP. PHRASE   It was to the party that Mike took Sally on Saturday.
EMPHASIS ON THE ACTION   What Mike did was (to) take Sally to the party

Ref: Emphaitc Structure: Cleft Sentences
http://mbgortiz.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/cleft_sentences1.pdf

 
以前的翻譯聽寫練習文章裏見過的強調句有：
 
(The Importance of Scientific Experiments): It is Galileo's spirit of going direct to Nature, and verifying our opinions and theories by experiment, that. has led to all the great discoveries of modern science.
 
(A Little Girl): Yet it was not her beauty so much as the look she gave me that fascinated me, melted me.

 
最後一句: Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think. 
與君一席話，勝讀是年書？

Additional notes:

mutual Usage Note: Mutual is used to describe a reciprocal relationship between two or more people or things. Thus their mutual animosity means "their animosity for each other" or "the animosity between them," and a mutual defense treaty is one in which each party agrees to come to the defense of the other. But many people also use mutual to mean "shared in common," as in The bill serves the mutual interests of management and labor. This usage is perhaps most familiar in the expression our mutual friend, which was widespread even before Charles Dickens used it as the title of a novel. While some language critics have objected to this usage because it does not include the notion of reciprocity, it appears in the writing of some of our greatest authors, including Shakespeare, Edmund Burke, George Eliot, and James Joyce, and it continues to be used by well-respected writers today.   that and which   Usage Note: The standard rule requires that that should be used only to introduce a restrictive (or defining) relative clause, which identifies the entity being talked about; in this use it should never be preceded by a comma. Thus, in the sentence The house that Jack built has been torn down, the clause that Jack built is a restrictive clause identifying the specific house that was torn down. Similarly, in I am looking for a book that is easy to read, the restrictive clause that is easy to read tells what kind of book is desired. A related rule stipulates that which should be used with nonrestrictive (or nondefining) clauses, which give additional information about an entity that has already been identified in the context; in this use, which is always preceded by a comma. Thus, we say The students in Chemistry 101 have been complaining about the textbook, which (not that) is hard to follow. The clause which is hard to follow is nonrestrictive in that it does not indicate which text is being complained about; even if the clause were omitted, we would know that the phrase the textbook refers to the text in Chemistry 101. · Some grammarians extend the rule and insist that, just as that should be used only in restrictive clauses, which should be used only in nonrestrictive clauses. Thus, they suggest that we should avoid sentences such as I need a book which will tell me all about city gardening, where the restrictive clause which will tell me all about city gardening indicates which sort of book is needed. But this extension of the rule is far from universally accepted, and the use of which with restrictive clauses is common. Furthermore, since that cannot be used with clauses introduced by a preposition (whether or not restrictive), which is used with both clauses when such a clause is joined by and or or to another that does not begin with a preposition, as in It is a philosophy in which the common man may find solace and which many have found reason to praise. Such constructions are often considered cumbersome, however, and it may be best to recast the sentence completely to avoid the problem. · That is often omitted in a relative clause when the subject of the clause is different from the word that the clause refers to. Thus, we may say either the book that I was reading or the book I was reading. In addition, that is commonly omitted before other kinds of subordinate clauses, as in I think we should try again where that would precede we. These constructions omitting that are entirely idiomatic, even in more formal contexts. See Usage Notes at doubt, this, whatever, which, who. Usage: Precise stylists maintain a distinction between that and which: that is used as a relative pronoun in restrictive clauses and which in nonrestrictive clauses. In the book that is on the table is mine, the clause that is on the table is used to distinguish one particular book (the one on the table) from another or others (which may be anywhere, but not on the table). In the book, which is on the table, is mine, the which clause is merely descriptive or incidental. The more formal the level of language, the more important it is to preserve the distinction between the two relative pronouns; but in informal or colloquial usage, the words are often used interchangeably

漢譯

大學生活的一個重要方麵

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　伍德羅·威爾遜

　　完全有可能把我們大學的生活組織得使學生和教師都參加在其中，使師生之間產生完全自然的日常交流；隻有通過這樣的組織，才能使大學這種嚴格地培養人的地方真正充滿朝氣，才能使它們成為共同生活的團體，年輕人在其中會充分認識到腦力勞動是多麽有趣味，多麽充滿活力，多麽重要，並且與一切現代成就有著多麽緊密的聯係--隻有通過這樣的組織，才能使學習似乎成為生活本身的組成部分。課堂講授常常顯得很一本正經而空洞無物，背誦往往非常枯燥而收效甚微。主要是在與學者們的談話和自然的交往中，你才能懂得知識是多麽生氣蓬勃，知識與一切有趣和重要的事物是多麽緊密相連，它是這些事物的不可分割的一部分，是一切'實用的"以及與當今世界有關的事物密切相連的一部分。讀書並不一定能使人變得善於思考，但是，一般說來，與善於思考的人們交往，就能使人好學善思。

作者簡介

WILSON, WOODROW (1856--1924) 28th President of the U.S. (1913--1921). He graduated from Princeton and became a professor of jurisprudence and political economy at the university (1890), of which he was president (1902--1910), introducing many social and educational reforms in the university, including a 'preceptorial system' of small classes. His works include A History of the American People (1902) in 5 volumes, The Brew Freedom (1913), etc.

　　伍德羅·威爾遜(1856-1924) 美國第二十八任總統 (1913-1921)。威爾遜畢業於普林斯頓大學，1890年任該大學法學及政治經濟學教授， 1902至1910年任該校校長。在大學裏提倡社會改革和教育改革，包括實行小班"導師製"。其著作有五卷《美國人民的曆史》(1902)、《新自由》(1913)等。


連節：

【翻譯聽寫】練習之之17 -- 大學生活的一個重要方麵