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帶著女兒遊歐洲(15):小凱旋門•大凱旋門•新凱旋門

(2013-10-19 15:10:39) 下一個

巴黎的曆史軸(Axe historique)從市中心向西延伸,包括一係列的古跡、建築物和街道,也被稱為凱旋之道(Voie Triomphale)。

為了便於狩獵,路易十四建了一條軸線,從盧浮宮(Musée du Louvre的方形廣場出發,穿過杜麗樂花園(le jardin des Tuileries),直至聖日爾曼城堡(Chateau de Saint Germain)。這條軸線在十八世紀又被加入了兩個新亮點:路易十五時代的協和廣場和路易十六時代的香榭麗舍大街。1806年,拿破侖一世又在這條軸線上加上了兩個拱形門:星形廣場上的大凱旋門(Arc de Triomphe和杜樂麗花園入口處的小凱旋門(l'Arc du Carrousel)。一九五幾年,軸線沿著大軍團大街再次向西延伸,通過巴黎的城市邊界到達拉德芳斯。1989年,20世紀現代版本的新凱旋門(La Grande Arche de la Défense)竣工,完成了從小凱旋門,到大凱旋門,再到新凱旋門的旅遊熱線。

凡爾賽宮(Chateau de Versailles)是曆史軸之外的,位於法國巴黎西南郊外。凡爾賽宮作為法國宮廷長達107年(1682-1789),上次帶著兒子來時就看得眼花繚亂,我對女兒說這是歐洲最漂亮的皇宮。

站在大門外就看到金碧輝煌了。

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大理石庭院在凡爾賽宮的正麵入口,是一個三麵圍合的小廣場。中央的建築原為路易十三的狩獵行宮,路易十四時加以改造,保留原來的紅磚牆麵,並增加大理石雕塑和鍍金裝飾。

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室內屋頂上到處都是富麗堂皇的油畫。

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我覺得最有霸氣的是拿破侖一世的加冕大典,是法國畫家雅克·路易·大衛創作的一幅油畫,畫麵描繪了1804122日在巴黎聖母院隆重舉行的國王加冕儀式。另一幅相似的油畫被陳列在盧浮宮,你能看出兩幅畫的不同嗎?

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不同之處是畫麵中一位女眷的著裝色彩,凡爾賽宮那幅著白紗,盧浮宮那幅著紅紗。

左邊是國王的床,右邊是王後的床,它們是在不同的房間。

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皇宮劇院

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我最喜歡的是皇家花園,豔麗而又次序井然。花園麵積為100公頃,以海神噴泉為中心,主樓北部有拉冬娜噴泉,主樓南部有桔園和溫室。花園內有1400個噴泉,以及一條長1.6公裏的十字形人工大運河。路易十四時期曾在運河上安排帆船進行海戰表演,或布置貢多拉和船夫,模仿威尼斯的運河風光。花園內還有森林、花徑、溫室、柱廊、神廟、村莊、動物園和眾多散布的大理石雕像。

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盧浮宮是巴黎曆史軸的起點,是世界上最古老、最龐大、最著名的博物館之一。盧浮宮始建於1204年,原是法國的王宮,居住過50位國王和王後。盧浮宮展出的藝術收藏達3.5萬件,根據其來源地和種類分別在六大展館中展出,即東方藝術館、古希臘及古羅馬藝術館、古埃及藝術館、珍寶館、繪畫館及雕塑館。其中繪畫館展品最多,占地麵積最大。盧浮宮區有198個展覽大廳,最大的大廳長205米。

我們上次來的時候用了一天的時間,根本無法欣賞全部的稀世珍品。

這一次隻有兩個小時的參觀時間,怎麽辦呢?

導遊自有妙計,重點參觀盧浮宮三寶:愛神維納斯雕像、勝利女神像和達芬奇的蒙娜麗莎畫像。在蒙娜麗莎迷人的微笑前,擠滿了世界各地的慕名者,據說是個盜賊肆無忌憚偷錢包的地方。

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這是《達芬奇密碼》電影開頭一晃而過的肖像,是達芬奇畫的費隆妮葉夫人(La belle ferronnière),並沒有許多人觀摩,於是可以慢慢地欣賞。

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當然我們隻有兩個小時,然後就要說拜拜了。

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盧浮宮前的金字塔形玻璃入口,是華人建築大師貝聿銘設計,也算是盧浮宮的一景。

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小凱旋門是為慶祝拿破侖一世的戰爭勝利而建造的,在紅、白大理石圓柱之間是三個圓拱門,裝飾奢華。門頂端的四匹駿馬是從意大利聖馬可教堂搬來的鍍金奔馬,原物已於1815年歸還給意大利,現在門上的駿馬是複製品。青銅戰馬邊上是鍍金的和平與勝利女神。

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接著,我們在香榭麗舍大街吃了午飯。

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大凱旋門在香榭麗舍大街的西北端,是拿破侖一世為紀念戰勝奧地利而建造的。上一次去時可以直接走到大凱旋門,但是現在需要通過地道才能走近它。因為地道裏排著長長的隊伍,我們隻好原路退回來,帶著距離照幾張相片了。大凱旋門上有電梯和樓梯,可以登到簷口上眺望,這一次算是無緣了。

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19世紀中葉,環繞大凱旋門一周修建了圓形廣場及12條放射狀道路,廣場由此得名為星形廣場,現改名為戴高樂廣場。

我們又繞道去了埃菲爾鐵塔,這座地標於1889年建成,位於巴黎的戰神廣場,總高324米。我們去的時候正好碰上示威遊行,有幸得到了警察的護航。

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然後吃了晚飯,回旅館休息。本來這一天就這麽結束了,結果女兒貪玩,沿著旅館外的露天電梯一路上去,竟然發現了另一個洞天。那裏是達拉德芳斯金融商業區,擁有巴黎最多的摩天大樓,我們為黃昏中現代化的美景而癡迷,驚歎於坐著許多遊人的方形建築。

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站在曆史軸的終端,我們並不知道這就是新凱旋門,這可真叫做有眼不識泰山。後來聽了團友的介紹,才知道這是巴黎曆史軸西端的新凱旋門。1989715日(前一日為法國大革命200周年紀念日),在它的頂層舉行了最高級首腦會議。乘坐新凱旋門的觀光電梯上去,可以享受到巴黎的遠景,遠遠地看到位於曆史軸中端的大凱旋門。

下麵是團友贈送的兩張照片,第二天一大早,她再次上了露天電梯,趕拍了晨曦中的新凱旋門與大凱旋門。

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我就在這裏坐享其成了,再一次欣賞壯觀的巴黎曆史軸!

女兒日記

17 day trip – day 16

Versailles: four out of five

Versailles is a French palace. The kings Louie the 14th, Louie the 15th, and Louie the 16th lived in there. There is a saying about it: Louie the 14th built it, Louie the 15th enjoyed it, and Louie the 16th paid the bill with his life. The palace is very big and has a lot of frescos. There are many fancy rooms. My favorite spot is the gardens. It's a very formal, French garden, and is beautiful. It's full of the color green. There are multiple grassy areas, all surrounded by a double layer of hedges. In between the hedges are flowers. In the paths, there are a ton of ant holes. In fact, one place even had a kind of "road" for the ants! All of the ants traveled on it. I saw two fountains and one pond. I wanted to go see the mirror lakes, but there wasn't enough time.

Louvre: three out of five

I also saw the Louvre, a famous museum. The three highlights there are the two statues Venus and Winged Victory and the Mona Lisa. In my opinion, the Mona Lisa actually isn't too impressive. It's comparatively small, especially if viewed from a distance. I think that the statues took more effort to do. After all, they are 3D. The Louvre also has Egyptian, Renaissance, and other art. Did you know that for Greco-Roman statues, straight nose statues are Greek, and curved nose ones are Roman? That's one way of classifying these types of statues. The entrance is very modern. Once you reach the hallway, you can see three glass pyramids on top of you. There is a staircase to the top floor, but the staircase is only supported on two ends! It's a spiral staircase, and it spirals around an elevator.

Dinner: five out of five

Another dinner rating? Why should I bother, if I ate at the exact same restaurant? This is because that this time, I ate different things. Out of the four courses, I ate all of them! (Of course, I didn't necessarily finish them all, but at least I consented to try.) The courses were spicy onion soup, fish-egg-brisket-thingy with creamy sauce, beef and mashed potatoes and salad, and ice cream. They all tasted very good. My favorite was the fish-egg thingy. Because of the sauce, I couldn't tell what it even was, but it still is my favorite. My mom says that it's egg, but I think it's fish.

This is my second to last review of this trip. Tomorrow, I'm going home!

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