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中國為什麽難以變成一個安靜的國家? 鳳凰網

(2010-03-02 14:56:07) 下一個


我曾經對這個問題有過一篇小文章來嚐試著回答過。 I have on this issue have had a small article to try to answer too. 這篇小文章叫《中國人說話的聲音為什麽特別大? This small article called "Why is the voice of the Chinese people to speak particularly large? 》,我在這篇小文裏是從美國杜威《我們怎樣思維》一書中得到啟示的。 "I have in this little-ri from the United States John Dewey," How We Think, "a book to be inspired. 因為杜威說,如果一個民族缺乏邏輯思維能力,缺乏分析與講理的習慣,那麽,一切的行為及權威隻能靠大聲來保證,而且需要大聲才會有效果。 Because Dewey said that if a nation lacks the logical thinking ability, the lack of analysis and unreasonable habit, then all behavior and to ensure that the authority can only rely on loud, but also loudly will be effective. 也就是說你在這樣的群體中生存,隻能靠聲音洪亮,並且氣勢洶洶來顯示自己的力量。 In other words you have to survive in such a group can only rely on the sound loud and aggressive to show their strength. 我想,這種情況的出現其實仍然顯示的是人的原始野性的一麵。 I think the emergence of this situation is that people actually still show the original wild side. 也就是進入現代人類文明,特別是人類智慧的程度遠遠不夠才會有的結果。 That is, into the modern human civilization, especially the degree of human wisdom is not enough only some results. 比如,非洲草原上,各種動物在爭鬥的時候,都會把自己的嗓門提高,表現出極大的吼叫聲,以便壯威,嚇退對方。 For example, the African grasslands, a variety of animals in the struggle, that they will raise his own voice, showing a great roaring sound in order to Zhuang Wei, deter the other side. 一個民族如果嗓門總是太大,而且嘈雜不安,是否仍然也有這種動物的原始根本特征在這裏呢? A nation is always too loud and noisy and disturbing, do you still have such a fundamental characteristic of the original animal in here? 這一切我隻能作一種邏輯上的猜測,真正的結論要等到人類學家去實地考察,並且作實驗才可能會得到比較科學可靠的結論。 All this I can only make a logical guess, the real conclusion to wait until the anthropologist-site observation, and the experiment was likely to be more scientific and reliable conclusions. 不過,我的這種猜測也不是完全沒有道理的。 However, I guess this is not entirely unjustified. 要不然杜威就不會想到一個人邏輯思維能力的缺乏就會表現出靠大聲來壯膽取勝。 Dewey would not have otherwise thought of a person's lack of logical thinking ability will show through loud to embolden win. 想起著名學者黎鳴先生專門研究過中國幾千年來的文化的最大的弊病之一就是邏輯嚴重缺乏,而且分析問題的能力與習慣非常不足,以此來驗證應該還是有一定的說服力的。 Remember well-known scholar Mr. Li Ming special studies of Chinese culture for thousands of years, one of the biggest drawbacks is that a serious lack of logic, but also the ability to analyze problems and habits are very inadequate as a way to verify that should still have some convincing. 中國人喜歡熱鬧,害怕寂寞,因此,才有過年過節,鞭炮齊鳴,焰火四射的現象。 Chinese people like excitement, fear of loneliness, therefore, only the Chinese New Year festivals, fireworks Qiming, fireworks great success phenomenon. 連喝個酒也要把猜拳的喝令聲弄得震耳欲聾,仿佛不這樣,生活就沒有意義似的。 Not even drink alcohol, we should also confused deafening sound of finger-guessing game of the ordered, as if did not, like life is meaningless.

我這次去日本考察,最大的感受就是日本是一個非常安靜的國家,這是一個非常安寧的民族。 I went to Japan to study, the biggest feeling is that Japan is a very quiet country, this is a very peaceful nation. 所以,我特別有感觸,提出中國要先變成一個安靜的國家,安靜才會理性,安靜才會想出好辦法、好對策,安靜才能蓄積力量,涵養智慧,變通改革,開出新路。 So, I am particularly touched that China must first become a quiet country, quiet and only a rational, calm will come up with good methods and countermeasures, in order to accumulate a quiet strength, the wisdom of conservation, alternative reform, opening up new roads. 但是,外表的安靜一定是有內心的靈魂的安寧與之相配才會有的。 However, the appearance of quiet must be some inner peace of soul, some of whom will match. 內心裏躁動不安,也肯定容易在外表上表現出來,而內心靈魂的安寧才是一個社會變成安靜的根本原因。 Restless at heart, it certainly manifested in the appearance of easy, while the inner peace of the soul is a society into a quiet root causes. 但是,這種靈魂的安寧是從哪裏來的? However, this peace of the soul come from? 我以為這種安寧是來自真誠的宗教信仰。 I think that this peace comes from the sincere religious beliefs. 無論是天主教、基督教、猶太教,還是佛教或者伊斯蘭教,隻要是真誠的信仰,無論你有多麽勞累,無論你有多麽高貴或者多麽卑賤,多麽富貴或者多麽貧窮,隻要你走進一個十分安寧的教堂或者佛教寺廟或者清真寺,你立即就會變得安寧、敬畏與超脫。 Whether it is Catholicism, Christianity, Judaism, or Buddhism or Islam, as long as good faith belief, no matter how tired you are, no matter how noble or how you are humble, how rich or how poor, as long as you walked into the church a very peaceful or a Buddhist temple or a mosque, you will become an immediate peace, awe and transcendence. 你就容易以一種出世的心態來做入世的一切事情。 You will lend itself to a state of mind born to do everything accession to the WTO. 而中國文化恰恰是一個缺乏真誠信仰的文化。 The Chinese culture is precisely a lack of genuine belief in culture. 從孔老夫子開始,他就是一個無神論者,他敬畏的三樣東西中,有一樣是與宗教有一點關係的,這就是“天命”,其他的兩項,一是大人,另一是聖人之言,說來都完全是世俗權力的東西。 From the beginning Confucius, he is an atheist, he was in awe of three things, there is a little like the relationship with religion, which is "Mandate of Heaven", the other two, one adult, the other is the sage words of said to have entirely secular power thing. 大人是掌握了世俗生殺大權的人,聖人是掌握了精神話語霸權的人。 Adults is to seize the reins of secular people, sage is the master spirit of the discourse of hegemony people. 但是,就是這個本應該有一點宗教色彩的“天命”,後來也被皇帝所剝奪了。 However, is this should have a little religious overtones of "destiny", but then was denied by the emperor. 這就是後來皇帝聖旨裏開頭所說的:“奉天承運,皇帝詔曰”,及我們口口聲聲所自豪的“天人合一”,皇帝就是天子,代表天意。 This is the imperial edict was inside at the beginning of the emperor said: "The Mukden carriage, the emperor Chao Yue", and are proud of our claim, "Heaven and Man", the emperor is the Son of Heaven, on behalf of God. 一下又完全世俗化了。 What they are completely secularized. 但是皇帝的寶座又是怎樣來的? But the emperor's throne is how come from? 劉邦及朱元璋是最傑出的代表。 Bang and the emperor is the most prominent representative. 當然還有許多沒有成氣候的“潛皇帝”。 Of course, many do not amount to anything "latent emperors." 讓這些市井無賴來代表天意說話,豈能令人信服與安寧? These Ichii rogue to represent God to speak, how can we convince and tranquility? 所以,由此可見,中國缺乏真誠的信仰不是近幾十年的事情,而是一個幾千年來的文化。 Therefore, we can see that China is not a lack of genuine belief in what in recent decades, but a few thousand years of culture. 當然假道統也是有過的,但是,隻要看看魯迅先生所寫的《魏晉風度及文章與藥及酒之關係》裏所說到的事,就不難理解,中國其實是不要指望以儒教作為宗教,以期取得宗教的效應的。 Of course, integration is also a false passage had, but need only look at written by Lu Xun, "Wei-Jin demeanor and the articles and the relationship between drugs and alcohol," Lane said, the matter is not difficult to understand, China is not expected to Confucianism As a religion, in order to achieve the effect of religion. 缺乏真誠宗教信仰的民族,不但容易把成功建立在與自己的同胞相比上,而且容易在這個過程中不擇手段,心態也非常容易浮躁。 The lack of sincere religious people, not only easy to build a successful, compared with their compatriots, but also in the process easy for unscrupulous, impetuous attitude is also very easy. 更為重要的是,中國曆代的統治者都容易有一種心態,就是自己得不到的,或者沒有希望得到的,就寧願毀滅它。 More importantly, China's ancient rulers are likely to have a state of mind, that is not their own, or do not want to get, would rather destroy it. 比如,項羽之燒阿房宮,再比如慈禧太後,在國破家亡的時候,她選擇寧願送給西洋人,也不給自己的奴才(寧贈友邦,不予家奴)。 For example, Xiang Yu's burning A Fanggong, and then such as the Empress Dowager Cixi, death seen their homes destroyed in the country, when she chose to give the Westerners would rather not give their slaves (Ning gifts allies, not slaves). 明末農民起義領袖,四川的張獻忠這個殺人魔王,在得知李自成進京榮登皇帝寶座,自己不再可能做皇帝之後,就在四川大開殺戒,不納糧的要殺,納糧的也要殺,不投降的自然要殺,但投降的也要殺。 The late Ming peasant uprising leaders, Sichuan, Chang Hsien-chung in this killing devil, in that Li Zi Cheng to Beijing topped the throne, the emperor himself is no longer possible to do after the slaughter in Sichuan, not satisfied grain kill, kill is also satisfied that grain do not surrender natural to kill, but also kill surrender. 不但把四川人殺得幾乎滅種,而且把幾千年來中國的奴隸規則撕得粉碎。 Not only the Sichuanese twists almost genocide, but also to thousands of years of China's slave torn to pieces by the rules. 再比如,現代的某政治人物為了捍衛自己的至高無上的權威與地位,不惜死上數千萬人,也要發動“文革”,他們這些人在自己的有生之年,其實已經意識到做出這樣的事情來,將來必定是要被後人詬罵甚至鞭屍的。 Another example of a modern political figures in order to defend their supreme authority and status, at the death of tens of millions of people, but also launched the "Cultural Revolution", they are these people in their own lifetime, in fact, have realized that to make such a thing to in the future must be to be descendants of the Bianshi even acrimony. 如果這是一個虔誠的宗教信徒,他們會想著做這樣的事情會有上帝照看著,而且會無法進入天堂。 If this is a devout religious believers, they would think of doing such a thing would be God's watching over, but will not enter Paradise. 即使死去,靈魂也不會得到安寧,因此,他們做這傷天害理的事情的時候,會有收斂,至少不會瘋狂到:“我死之後,哪管洪水滔天”,“身後之事誰管得”。 Even dead, the soul would not be at peace, so they do this murderous things when there will be convergence, at least not crazy: "I die, after which tubes Deluge," "matter of who is behind the pipe too," . 這樣可怕的思想與行為一直在影響著我們這個民族。 Such a horrible thought and behavior has been affecting our nation. 任何領域,做事都是不留後路的。 In any field, things are not burning our bridges. 比如做學問的人,按說最應該考慮的是自己的文字與思想能否流傳下去,所以,抄襲與做假這是最忌諱的。 For example scholarship people, supposedly the most that should be considered on their own words and ideas can spread down, therefore, plagiarism and fraud This is the most taboo. 因為,後人如果一研究你的文字就會知道你當初做得多麽不光彩。 Because later generations, if one studies the text you will know how much you had to do disgraceful. 但是,對於一個缺乏信仰的學者來說,這算什麽呢? However, a lack of faith, academics, this is considered what? 隻要現在能否弄個十幾萬,或者弄個教授、會長、院士之類的頭銜戴戴,哪管得了身後事? As long as hundreds of thousands are now able to get hold of, or get hold of a professor, president, like the title of academician Dai Dai, Guan Dele behind what happened? 後人恥笑去吧,我在有生之年已經享受了我本來就不應該享受的,這就夠了。 Descendants sneer go, I have enjoyed during their lifetime, I should not have enjoyed it enough. 所以,一個民族的學術浮躁因此而起。 Therefore, a nation can be attributed to the academic impetuous.

從一個國家的安靜,這麽一個小小的細節上,我們其實可以讀出它的深層次的精神內核。 From the quiet of a country, such a small detail, we can read the depth of its spiritual core. 不要以為讓一個浮躁的、嘈雜的國家變得安靜是一件容易的事情。 Do not think for a rash, the country has become quiet and noisy it is easy to do. 中國如果能夠在一百年之內變得安靜,我以為,這已經是巨大的成就了,那時就說明中國人已經有了強大而充實的內心世界。 If China were to within a hundred years to become quiet, I thought, this is already a huge success, and then speaks for the Chinese people already have a strong and enriching the inner world. 對比日本,我們常常感覺的首先是日本人的經濟遠遠比我們發達,科技遠遠比我們先進,甚至認為武器也可能會比我們厲害。 Contrast to Japan, we often feel the first is the Japanese economy is far advanced than us, technology is far advanced than us, or even that the weapons could also be worse than we are. 卻沒有想到他們的心靈也是比我們安寧的。 Did not think their hearts as compared to our peaceful. 也許一個民族的精神家園要遠比那些外在的東西更為珍貴。 Perhaps a nation's spiritual home is far more precious to those external things. 中國與日本的差別,不是單個指標所能夠說明的。 The difference between China and Japan, not the individual indicators can be specified. 而是一種綜合性的東西在起作用。 But a comprehensive stuff at work. 這種綜合性的東西,是一個整體,而且時時處處在以一種整體的力量出現。 This integrated thing, as a whole, but wherever and whenever the forces are experiencing a whole. 這種力量的教育作用是非常驚人的。 The educational role of this force is very striking. 它使你花很少的個人力氣就可以獲得非常驚人的效果。 It allows you to spend very little personal effort can get very amazing results. 比如認真工作的習慣與遵守公共規則與法律的意識,在日本並不是一件很難做到的事情。 Such as serious work habits and abide by the rules and the law of public awareness in Japan is not a very difficult to do. 隻要從小生活在這樣的環境裏,你自然容易獲得這樣的品質。 As long as the grown up in such an environment, you naturally easy to obtain such quality. 有時這樣的品質,人家一個清潔工或者汽車司機就會自然擁有的,而我們的一個大學教授與之相比還有遙遠的差距。 Sometimes this quality, others a cleaner or a car driver would naturally have, but one of our university professors are distant compared to the gap. 比如敬業精神,比如那種平等意識,再比如那樣心中有他人的潛意識。 Such as professionalism, such as the kind of consciousness of equality, and then there are others such as the subconscious mind. 我作點自我反省,我與那個為我們開了一個星期旅遊車的司機及賓館裏的清潔工相比仍然有相當的差距的。 I made point of self-reflection, I am with that for us to open for a week coach driver and the cleaner in a hotel there is still a considerable gap. 而我自己認為自己作為一個中國人算是做得還可以的。 I myself think they do as a Chinese person be regarded as still acceptable. 一個國家的文明是取決於其國民的文明程度的。 Of civilization of a country depends on the degree of civilization of its nationals. 一個國家的安靜,也是取決於其國民的安寧程度的。 The quiet of a country also depends on the extent of national peace. 我們嘈雜的噪音,許多時候來自精神的空虛與內心的煩躁。 We are noisy noise often comes from spiritual emptiness and inner restlessness. 因為我們害怕安靜,這樣更會暴露我們精神上的虛空。 Because we are afraid of quiet, this will expose our spiritual void. 也會暴露出我們思維能力上的欠缺。 We also exposed the lack of thinking ability. 同時,安靜還會更強烈地迫使我們去麵對一個十分殘酷的現實。 Meanwhile, the quiet will be even more strongly force us to face a very harsh reality. 這時,我又想起了魯迅先生所說的中國人習慣了幾千年來的吃人文化及瞞與騙的生存方式。 At this time, I was reminded of what Mr. Lu Xun, the Chinese used thousands of years man-eating culture and hiding and cheating ways of surviving. 如果再加上嘈雜的噪音及浮躁的風氣,基本上就可以把這些因素聯係起作出一個判斷:這是一種精神文化上的缺陷,它已經形成了一個惡性循環。 If we add the noise and impulsive noisy atmosphere, basically you can link these factors to make a play to judge: This is a spiritual and cultural shortcomings, it has created a vicious circle.

我常想,我們一談到日本,談到他們的先進與發達,我們就會想到“師夷之長技以製夷”,就會想到先向日本學習,然後發達了再來報仇。 I often think, as we talked about Japan, when it comes to their advanced and developed, we will think of the "barbarians long division skills in order to stop the barbarians," they will think of first Japanese to learn, and then developed a vengeance again. 我想其實這仍然是一種典型的中國式的思維。 In fact, I think this is still a typical Chinese-style thinking. 我不是把別的國家想像得太好,但是,我以為正如人與人之間的關係一樣,國與國的關係也是一樣的,這就是要首先想到平等相待。 I do not think of other countries were very good, but I think that as the relationship between people as relations between countries are the same, which is to first think of equal treatment. 即使富強了,發達了,也仍然要想到平等相待。 Even if the rich and powerful, and well developed, still have to think about equality. 當然要想得到別人的平等相待,首先要有相當的實力。 Of course, others want to get equal treatment, first of all have a considerable strength. 學習的對象要選擇最優秀的,但是,與人相處卻要有安靜、平等的心態。 Learning objects to choose the best, but it should be quiet and get along with others, equality of mind. 至少,我在日本體會到就是這樣的。 At least, I was in Japan feel that way. 現在日本人自然不會也無需要向中國人學習,但是,作為一個中國的旅遊者,感受到日本人卻沒有因為日本比中國人富裕與發達而表露出歧視的態度,相反他們對任何人都是十分禮貌、熱情與周到的。 Now the Japanese do not naturally need not to learn from the Chinese people, but as a Chinese tourists, the Japanese did not feel that because the Japanese than the Chinese people of wealth and well-developed and revealed the discriminatory attitude, on the contrary they are to any person is very polite, warm and thoughtful. 這樣的一個民族反而是令人感覺可敬可畏的。 Such a feeling of respectable people but is really formidable.

一個人內心強大,才是真正的強大,一個內心強大的人,外表是寧靜的、坦然而自信的,外在的嘈雜其實是內心浮躁的表現。 A person's heart strong, real strong, a strong inner person, appearance is a quiet, calm and confident, and external noise is impulsive heart performance. 沒有內心和諧與寧靜,就不可能會有外麵世界的和諧與寧靜。 There is no inner harmony and tranquility, we can not have the outside world harmony and tranquility. 一個內心真正強大的人,並不需要靠嘈雜的聲音向外界虛張聲勢,以顯示自己的存在。 A heart truly powerful people who do not need to rely on the voices of noisy bravado to the outside world to show their existence.

2007年5月22日 May 22, 2007
Why China is difficult to become a quiet country?鳳凰網 Why China is difficult to become a quiet country? 鳳凰網

XU Xi-liang
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