德牧常見病--by CatinGrey

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Gastric torsion, also known as bloat, is a life-threatening sudden illness associated with the stomach filling with air and twisting. 胃扭轉，也被稱為膨脹，是與胃填充空氣和扭轉有關的威脅生命的急病.

Hip dysplasia is a malformation of the hip joint that results in pain, lameness and arthritis 髖關節發育不良的髖關節而導致的疼痛，跛行和關節炎的畸形

Elbow dysplasia is the abnormal development of certain parts of the elbow joint during the growing phase. 肘部發育不良是肘關節的某些部分在生長階段的發育異常。

Epilepsy is a seizure disorder, which develops between the ages of 2 to 5 years. 癲癇是一種發作性疾病，其中2到5歲之間的發展

Panosteitis is an inflammation of the long bones during growth. It results in pain and lameness until the dog matures。 Panosteitis是長骨的生長過程中的炎症。它會導致疼痛和跛行，直到狗的成熟。

Pyoderma refers to deep skin infections 膿皮病是指深部皮膚感染。

Hot spots are areas of itchy moist skin irritation 熱點是潮濕瘙癢皮膚過敏

Pannus is a disease of the eye resulting in inflammation 血管翳是造成炎症的眼睛的疾病

Corneal dystrophy is a primary, inherited, bilateral (both sides), symmetrical condition of the cornea that is not accompanied by corneal inflammation or systemic disease. 角膜營養不良是主要的，遺傳，雙邊（兩側），即不伴有角膜炎症或全身性疾病角膜的對稱狀態

Degenerative myelopathy is a progressive degenerative disease of the spinal cord that slowly results in weakness and eventually inability to use the rear legs 退化性脊髓病是脊髓，慢慢地導致虛弱，最終無法使用後腿的進行性變性疾病

Intervertebral disk disease is a disorder that affects the spinal disks resulting in pain, difficulty walking and possibly paralysis 椎間盤病是一種疾病，影響產生疼痛，行走困難，並可能癱瘓的椎間盤

Diabetes is a disease of the pancreas related to insufficient amounts of insulin production Diabetes is a disease of the

pancreas related to insufficient amounts of insulin production 糖尿病是胰腺的一種疾病相關的量的胰島素產生不足

Pancreatic insufficiency is another pancreatic disease that results in inability to digest food properly 胰腺功能不全是另一種胰腺疾病而導致無法正常消化食物

Malassezia Dermatitis - is a yeast infection of the skin caused by Malassezia pachydermatitis 馬拉色菌皮炎 -

是一種由馬拉色菌pachydermatitis的皮膚酵母菌感染

Perianal Fistula - is an infection and development of fistulas of the anal glands and tissues around the anal area. 肛瘺 - 是肛門周圍地區的肛門腺和組織瘺的感染和發展.

我這裏要做一些說明，狼狗的肛瘺是非常普遍的，就是在肛門口附近或是下麵，或左右又長出一個洞，裏麵會漏出屎，有的會流膿。

Aortic Stenosis - this disease is caused by stenosis of the aorta and causing symptoms such as weakness, collapse and sudden death 主動脈瓣狹窄 - 這病是由主動脈狹窄，引起的症狀，如乏力，虛脫和猝死

Pericardial Effusion – is an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space. It can be caused by tumors of the heart or idiopathic (no known cause). 心包積液 - 是流動的心包空間內積聚。它可以由心髒或特發性（沒有已知的原因）的腫瘤引起的

Congenital Idiopathic Megaesophagus - is a dilatation of the esophagus caused by decreased contraction of the muscles, causing food regurgitation. 先天性原發性Megaesophagus - 是由肌肉的收縮減少食道的擴張，從而導致食物返流

 

Lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease淋巴漿細胞性腸炎（LPE）是炎症性腸疾病的一種形式

Lick granuloma is a condition in which the dog licks an area excessively, usually on the front leg, until a raised, firm ulcerated lesion is formed. 舔肉芽腫是其中狗舔的區域過度，通常在前腿，直到凸起的，牢固的潰瘍性病變形成的條件。

 

Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma is an adenocarcinoma of the anal glands. 肛門囊腺癌是肛門腺腺癌

Testicular tumors are tumors that involve the testicles in intact male dogs. 睾丸腫瘤是涉及完整的公狗的睾丸腫瘤

Dwarfism is a deficiency of growth hormone (GH), which is normally secreted by the pituitary gland. 侏儒症是生長激素缺乏（GH），這通常是由腦垂體分泌的。

Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to loose transparency and can result in blindness. 白內障引起眼球鬆動透明的透鏡，並且可以導致失明

Lens luxation is a dislocation or displacement of the lens within the eye. 晶狀體脫位是眼內脫位晶狀體或位移。

In addition, German shepherds have a higher incidence of allergies, ear infections and malignant cancer such as hemangiosarcoma and Lymphoma. 此外，德國牧羊犬有過敏，耳部感染和惡性腫瘤如血管肉瘤和淋巴瘤的發生率較高

Life Span - The average life span for a German shepherd dog is 10 to 13 years. 壽命 - 平均壽命為德國牧羊犬是10至13年