[世界各民族節日]齋戒月

賴買丹月，又譯拉瑪丹月，是伊斯蘭曆第九個月，該月名字意為“禁月”，是伊斯蘭教穆斯林的齋戒月，亦是12個月中最神聖者。

這個月是真主安拉（Allah，或稱“阿拉”）將古蘭經（Quran，或稱“可蘭經”）下降給穆罕默德聖人的月份。古蘭經裏亦明言規定符合條件之穆斯林必須於此月守齋戒，每天從日出到日落期間停止飲食、性交等活動，日落後直至晨禮（Fajr，意即“日出”）前都可正常作息吃喝，晨禮喚拜一起便又進入齋戒狀態。

由於伊斯蘭曆是一個純粹太陰曆曆法，所以與以太陽曆為基準的公曆相比，每個伊斯蘭曆年約少11天，也因此賴買丹月在公曆中的開始日期每年都會推前11天，而所在季節也會按“冬→秋→夏→春”的順序改變（如公曆2010年的賴買丹月將處於夏季，2010年8月10日至2010年9月9日），大約每33個太陽曆年為一循環。

貴夜（Laylat al-Qadr）是先知穆聖接受古蘭經之夜，是一整年最神聖的夜晚，最有可能在齋月後10天的單數天發生。賴買丹月以開齋節收尾，當天通常會有盛宴。賴買丹月之後的閃瓦魯月中，穆斯林通常會再齋戒6天，以求真主的喜悅及恕饒。
Ramadan (Arabic: رمضان‎ Ramaḍān, IPA: [rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn];^[variations] Persian: ‎ Ramazān; Urdu: ‎ Ramzān; Turkish: Ramazan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar;^[4] Muslims worldwide observe this as a month of fasting.^[5][6] This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam.^[7] The month lasts 29–30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon, according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in hadiths.^[8][9] The word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root ramida or ar-ramad, which means scorching heat or dryness.^[10] Fasting is wajib (obligatory) for adult Muslims, except those who are ill, travelling or going through menstrual bleeding.^[11]

While fasting from dawn until sunset Muslims refrain from consuming food, drinking liquids, smoking and sexual relations; and in some interpretations from swearing.^[12][13] According to Islam, the sawab (rewards) of fasting are many, but in this month they are believed to be multiplied.^[14] Fasting for Muslims during Ramadan typically includes the increased offering of salat (prayers) and recitation of the Quran