zt 二戰中最輝煌的戰艦：The Big E (組圖，中英雙語對照)

簡介：

      企業號(Enterprise CV-6)是第7艘以企業命名的艦隻，她是約克城級航母中的第2艘，於1934年7月動工建造，1936年10月下水，1938年5月在東海岸開始服役，1939年4月轉入太平洋服役。

       企業號綽號“大企(the Big E)”，幾乎參加了太平洋的所有重要戰役。大企是個幸運兒，在對手是崇尚武士道的日本人的情況下，能夠看到戰爭的結束本身就說明了這一點。

企業號在二戰中共獲20枚戰役之星勳章，她於1947年退出現役。第8艘以企業號命名的艦隻就是1959年的第一艘核動力航母，企業號的戰鬥精神與其名字一樣將一直延續下去。

　　美國“企業”(Enterprise CVN-65)號核動力航空母艦為世界上第一艘核動力航空母艦。1964年,“企業”號進行了史無前例的環球航行,途中無需加油和再補給,曆時64天,總航程3萬多海裏,充分顯示了核動力的巨大續航力。



The Most Decorated Ship of the Second World War
二次大戰中最輝煌的戰艦

Source: United States Naval Institute
來源：美國海軍研究協會

"The carrier that fought the most through the entire war..."
       -----Dedicatory Plaque, Enterprise Tower, U.S. Naval Academy

“這艘航母幾乎參加了戰爭中的全部戰役”
       -----奉獻銘記，企業號艦塔，美國海軍學院

　　Enterprise entered World War II on the morning of December 7, 1941, when her scout planes encountered the Japanese squadrons attacking Pearl Harbor. Not until May 14, 1945, when a Kamikaze attack off Kyushu, Japan, left a gaping hole in her flight deck, was she forced to leave the war.

　　Of the more than twenty major actions of the Pacific War, Enterprise engaged in all but two. Her planes and guns downed 911 enemy planes; her bombers sank 71 ships, and damaged or destroyed 192 more. Her presence inspired both pride and fear: pride in her still unmatched combat record, and fear in the knowledge that Enterprise and hard fighting were never far apart.

　　The most decorated ship of the Second World War, Enterprise changed the very course of a war she seemed to have been expressly created for.

  1941年12月7日早上當企業號的偵察機發現日軍飛機偷襲珍珠港時，她開始真正進入二戰。直到1945年5月14日，一架從日本九州起飛的自殺轟炸機在她的甲板上炸開一個大洞後，她才被迫退出戰爭。

  太平洋戰爭的二十幾次重大戰鬥，“企業”號隻錯過了其中的兩次。她的飛機和艦炮擊落了911架敵機；她的炸彈擊沉了71艘敵艦，擊傷超過敵艦超過192艘。她的傳奇是驕傲而又恐怖的。驕傲是因為她無人可及的作戰紀錄，恐怖是因為她的殘酷戰鬥從未間斷過。

  “企業”號，這艘二戰中最輝煌的戰艦，改變了這場戰爭的進程。

"Steady nerves and stout hearts are needed now." “現在需要雄心壯膽” 　　 Battle Order Number One 　　While the events that led up to the outbreak of general World War in 1941 are well understood, the motivations for those events are not always agreed upon, even today, over sixty years later. 　　By December 1941, Axis armies controlled vast areas in and around Europe: from Italy, Spain and North Africa in the south, east nearly to Moscow, north to the Baltic and west to the Atlantic and North Sea. England, already "stripped to the bone" battling German U-boats and bombers, increasingly depended on American shipping and support for her very survival. 　　In Asia, for decades tension had grown between the European colonial powers - England, Holland and France - the United States, and Japan: the western powers insisting on the right of unfettered access to China's markets, Japan determined to replace Western colonization with her own brand of "Asia for Asians", and the United States as committed to keeping China free and open, as to not propping up the European colonies. 　　By 1941, the Allied powers were in general agreement that the first priority must be defeating Germany. American war plans reflected the shift in emphasis from defending American and European possessions in the Pacific, to controlling shipping on the Atlantic and preparing for an invasion of Europe itself. Meanwhile, increasing diplomatic and economic pressure was applied to Japan, aimed at forcing her withdrawal from China, where her armies had been involved in a long series of "incidents" since 1931. Japan, however, would not budge. As the year wore on, President Roosevelt and his diplomats, resigned to inevitable armed conflict with Japan, now simply negotiated for time, estimating that by mid-1942 enough forces could be stationed in the Far East to deter Japan from making a grab for the resource-rich Dutch East Indies and Malaysia. 　　As part of this build-up, Enterprise shuttled Army Air Force P-39s and P-40s, as well as Navy planes, from West Coast ports to Pearl Harbor, and to outlying detachments on Wake and Guam further west. She departed on her last mission of this sort on November 28 - two days after Japan's Pearl Harbor strike force sailed from Japan - carrying Marine pilots and their planes to Wake Island, flying them off on December 2 before turning east to return to Pearl. Forced to slow by a massive weather system which also sheltered the Japanese Combined Fleet advancing on Oahu, Enterprise missed her expected return date to Pearl Harbor: December 6. Instead, she was 150 miles west when the first Japanese bombs began to fall December 7. Her first notice that war had begun came from one of her own pilots, Ensign Manuel Gonzales, of Scouting Six, flying in to Ford Island Naval Air Station that Sunday morning: 　　"Please don't shoot! Don't shoot! This is an American plane." 　　Moments later, he was heard ordering his aircrewman Leonard J. Kozelek to bail out: neither man was ever heard from again.   直到60多年後的今天人們還會記得那些重大曆史事件，正是因為這些事件那在1941年把二次世界大戰擴大化了。   到1941年12月，軸心國的軍隊占領了歐洲的大部分地區，從南部的意大利、西班牙和北非到北方的北海和波羅的海，從西部的大西洋到東方的莫斯科附近。大英帝國已經被德國人的潛艇和飛機打得皮包骨頭，隻能依靠美國人來運輸和支持來維持生計。   在亞洲，經過歐洲殖民主義列強-英國、荷蘭和法國長達幾十年的半殖民地化的殘酷壓榨後，美國和日本要求西方列強放寬在中國市場的地位。日本以“亞洲共榮圈”的旗號打算取西方而代之，而美國則繼續自己的中國門戶開放政策，並不打算成為西方列強的後盾。   到1941年，盟軍大致同意以擊敗德國為優先目標。美國計劃把保護美歐在太平洋的利益的注意力，轉移到了大西洋海運航線上，並且向歐洲派兵。與此同時美國通過外交和經濟手段向日本打壓，要求他從中國撤軍，從那些1931年以來它在中國非法侵占的土地上撤出。結果日本人根本置之不理。羅斯福總統和他的外交官們聽取了不要輕易和日本人開戰的議案，準備和日本人談判。因為到1942年中期的那個時候就有足夠的力量來威懾日本人不能輕易的從荷屬東印度和馬來西亞來掠奪資源。   作為計劃的一部分，“企業”號定期派出P-39和P-40飛機作為海軍航空兵在西海岸和珍珠港之間進行巡邏。並向威克島和關島甚至更西的地方派出飛機巡航。11月28日，她最後一次派飛機進行巡邏。兩天後日軍偷襲珍珠港的艦隊離開日本，“企業”號和她的飛機一起向東回到了珍珠港。由於天氣原因以及日軍聯合艦隊向奧阿胡島的攻擊，“企業”耽誤了回珍珠港的日期。到12月6日她還有150英裏的航程，而12月7日日本飛機已經開始轟炸珍珠港了。她第一次注意戰爭是因為她的一名飛行員，第6偵察隊的海軍少尉Manuel Gonzales，在那天早上，他正飛往美軍福特島的海軍基地。   “請不要攻擊！不要攻擊。這是一架美國飛機”   不久，有人聽見他命令Leonard J. Kozelek 來解釋，然而沒有人在聽得見了。 　　 　　Scene at Ford Island Naval Air Station, in Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941.        美軍福特島空軍基地的全景，珍珠港，1941年12月7日 　　Immediately after the attack, Enterprise was ordered to seek out and attack the Japanese fleet. Faulty intelligence and bad guesses led to her to search the waters southwest of Hawaii, where she found only more American ships. It is just as well, though, as it's unlikely Enterprise alone would have been an even match for the six Japanese fleet carriers now escaping west after the devastating morning raids. 　　At dusk the following day, Enterprise and her Task Force, low on fuel, crept into Pearl Harbor. Angry and frightened voices called out to her: "You'd better get the hell out of here or the Japs will nail you too." "Where in hell were you?" Working in the dark, in shadows cast by the still-burning Arizona, Enterprise refueled while her men hauled on board provisions brought to the ship by lighters. By 0600 the next morning, she had cleared the harbor channel and returned to the vast Pacific, with room to maneuver, room to run. 　　It was 9 December 1941, and Enterprise was at war.   在遭到攻擊後，“企業”號接到命令去尋找並且攻擊日本艦隊。由於低級錯誤和拙劣的情報，她被派往夏威夷西南方的海域。結果在那裏隻發現了美國船隻。盡管這樣，“企業”號還是在大轟炸後的早上發現了六艘航母組成的艦隊正在向西撤退。   在第二天黃昏，“企業”號和她的編隊，由於油料不足，撤回珍珠港。一個憤怒和恐懼的聲音告訴她：“你最好離開這個鬼地方或者等著日本人來炸毀你。”“你說的地域在哪兒？”在亞利桑那號戰列艦燃燒的背影下，“企業”號補充著燃料，水兵們繁忙地運送著從駁船上運來的食品。到第二天早上6點，她清理好了港口通道回到了廣闊的太平洋。真正的戰鬥開始了。   這是1941年12月9日，“企業”號進入戰爭狀態。

"... And then there was one patched-up carrier."      ----Rear Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid  “於是隻剩下這麽一艘打滿補丁的航母了。”      ----海軍少將托馬斯C金凱德。 　　For Enterprise, 1942 began much as 1941 had ended, as she patrolled the western approaches to the Hawaiian islands and periodically returned to Pearl Harbor for supplies, frustrating both brown shoes and bluejackets alike. 　　By the close of 1942, however, Enterprise was battered and barely seaworthy, her men exhausted and their nerves raw. What they had accomplished, though, was nothing short of remarkable. 　　After a series of raids during the spring, Enterprise, Yorktown CV-5 and Hornet CV-8 brought Yamamoto's "year to run wild" to an abrupt halt off Midway Island. During the late summer, Enterprise covered the Allied landings on Guadalcanal, then guarded reinforcement efforts. Heavily engaged and damaged in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons in August, and the Battle of Santa Cruz in October, she was ordered once more in November to block yet another major Japanese effort to retake Guadalcanal. The result, known now as the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 12-15 November 1942, was the decisive action in the long struggle for the jungle island. In five days of heavy combat, the Japanese landing forces were virtually destroyed, and their supporting battle groups, damaged or destroyed, were pushed away from the island, signaling the end of Japan's southern expansion. 　　In this first year of war, Enterprise and the other ships of the Pacific Fleet faced nearly overwhelming odds regularly. At Midway, Enterprise and her sister ships Hornet - which had never directly engaged the enemy before - and Yorktown - hastily patched up after being struck by an enemy bomb in the Coral Sea battle - squared off against four battle-hardened Japanese carriers ... and won. At Santa Cruz, Hornet and Enterprise - just two carriers now - again engaged four of the enemy's and inflicted such devastating losses on Japan's naval aviators that over a year would pass before Japan's carriers could once again challenge the American fleet. 　　Over the course of the year, the Big E was struck six times by Japanese bombs, and more than 300 of her men were killed or wounded as a result. Enterprise Air Group and Air Group Ten, flying from Enterprise's deck the first eighteen months of the war, suffered heavy losses as they faced the best of Japan's fighting forces. One by one, the other prewar carriers of the Pacific fleet were lost in battle, or damaged and forced to withdraw for repair. Lexington CV-2 was lost in May, and Yorktown less than a month later. On the last day of August, Saratoga CV-3 absorbed her second torpedo of the year and was forced to retire to Pearl Harbor. Wasp CV-7, struck by three torpedoes on September 16, was not so lucky. 　　Finally, on the morning of October 26, as Hornet burned just over the horizon, Enterprise became the last operational US carrier in the Pacific. A bold sign appeared in the hangar deck - "Enterprise vs. Japan" - reflecting both the desperate nature of the situation, and the resolve of Enterprise's men. Not until December 5, when the repaired Saratoga arrived at Noumea, would the men in Enterprise see another friendly flattop. 　　After December 1942, however, Enterprise never fought alone again. Japan's navy, though still formidable, had been greatly weakened by the battles of 1942, battles in which the Big E had often played a pivotal role. And Japan's naval air arm, decimated at Midway, the Eastern Solomons, and Santa Cruz, would never make good its losses. By the end of 1942, Japan had been fought to a stand-still.     對於“企業”號來說，1942年接著1941而來，當她周期性的在夏威夷群島西部巡邏，並且返回珍珠港進行補給的時候，官兵們這時的士氣都十分低落。   在1942年初，“企業”號還是非常的疲憊，隻能勉強地進行航海任務。她的船員們十分疲憊而且他們還沒有恢複士氣。不管他們這是多麽的富有經驗，但是這時他們確實沒有什麽亮點。   在1942年春天遭受一係列的襲擊後，CV-6“企業”號、CV-5“約克城”號、CV-8“大黃蜂”號奉命前往中途島截擊山本的艦隊。在這一年的夏末，“企業”號前往瓜達爾卡納爾島為盟軍提供空中掩護，然後進行了空中支援。在8月的東所羅門群島海戰和10月的聖克魯斯海戰中遭到了重創。1942年11月12日到15日的瓜達爾海戰對圍繞著這個熱帶海島進行的漫長作戰中起了決定性的作用。在五天的激戰中，日軍的登陸部隊遭受了滅頂之災。他們的登陸艇和支援艦隊不是被擊沉就是被擊傷。於是日軍被迫撤離這個島嶼。瓜達爾之戰標誌著日軍南進的終結。   在這一年中，“企業”號和太平洋艦隊麵對日軍壓倒性的優勢，處於完全的劣勢。在中途島，“企業”號和他的姊妹艦“大黃蜂”號（以前從未和敵軍見過麵）以及“約克城”號（在珊瑚海戰受傷後迅速修複）去對抗日軍的四艘大型航母，結果美軍獲勝了。在聖克魯斯海戰中，“大黃蜂”號和“企業”號（那時隻有兩艘航母）來對抗日軍的四艘航母。日軍航空兵損失慘重以致在超過一年的時間中日軍航母都不敢和美軍艦隊對抗。   在這一年中，大E遭受了日本空軍六次空襲，造成了超過300人的傷亡。“企業”號飛行大隊和第十飛行大隊從“企業”號起降時間超過18個月。他們和日軍最優秀的海軍航空兵交戰，傷亡慘重。太平洋艦隊的航母一艘接一艘的被擊沉或遭到重創而被迫進行大修。CV-2“列克星頓”號在5月被擊沉，不到一個月“約克城”號也損失了。在8月的最後一天，CV-3“薩拉托加”號遭到魚類的攻擊而被迫返回珍珠港維修。CV-7“黃蜂”號就沒有那麽幸運了，在9月16日她被三枚魚雷擊沉。   最後，在10月26日，隨著“大黃蜂”號中彈起火，“企業”號成了美軍在太平洋上唯一一艘可以作戰的航母。一個不屈的標誌牌豎立在飛機甲板上“企業號對抗日本”，這反映了人們的大無畏的精神和當時的嚴峻形勢，以及“企業”號的決心。直到12月5日，“薩拉托加”號完成維修後返回努美阿，“企業”號的另一艘友軍的航母。 1942年12月後，“企業”號不再孤單。日本海軍雖然仍占據優勢，但是經過1942年的一係列戰爭後，已經被大大削弱了。在這些戰鬥中大E都起了關鍵的作用。在中途島海戰中日軍海軍航空兵損失慘重，以致於在東所羅門海戰和聖克魯斯海戰中他們都沒有恢複過來。到1942年底，日本都還算安穩。

"If Enterprise is ready to fight, so am I."      -----U.S. Navy Admiral, 1943 “隻要‘企業’號就緒,我們就能出戰了！”      -------美國海軍上將，1943年 　　After the battering carrier battles of 1942, 1943 marked a period of recovery and regrouping for both Japan and the United States. This is not to say that the fighting ceased entirely. It did not. Fighting on Guadalcanal continued until February 9, when Army General Alexander Patch announced "Organized resistance on Guadalcanal has ceased." With this, General MacArthur moved forward with Operation Cartwheel. 　　Cartwheel was a two-pronged drive towards the Japanese stronghold of Rabaul, on the northern tip of New Britain. MacArthur and the Allied forces under his command would advance up the northern coast of New Guinea, cross the Dampier Strait to land on New Britain, and then push along the island's coast to Rabaul. Meanwhile, Halsey - operating under MacArthur's command - would conduct a series of landings in the Solomon Islands, from Guadalcanal to New Georgia, and on to Bougainville, just 250 miles from Rabaul. In the end, Rabaul was isolated and bypassed, but not without several bitter night engagements between Japanese and Allied surface forces. 　　In late January, Enterprise was sent into the Coral Sea, to cover the landings of four transports full of men and supplies on Guadalcanal, part of the final push to drive the Japanese from the island. In her final engagement in the seas around Guadalcanal, she provided air cover for the heavy cruiser Chicago, torpedoed by land-based Japanese planes the evening of January 29. Late the next afternoon, another enemy strike materialized. In the attack, known as the Battle of Rennell Island, Enterprise's fighters downed 11 of the 12 enemy planes, unfortunately not before four more torpedoes had slammed into Chicago's hull, fatally wounding her.   經過1942年的戰鬥，1943年日美雙方都在進行著恢複和整編。這並不是說戰爭已經完全停止了。瓜達爾之戰一直持續到這年2月9日，美國陸軍將軍亞曆山大 帕奇才宣布：“瓜達爾德日軍已經完全被肅清。”與此同時麥克阿瑟將軍正在進行著蛙跳作戰。   蛙跳作戰是通過兩翼包抄來向日軍在新不列顛島北部的拉包兒要塞前進。麥克阿瑟和他指揮的盟軍沿著新幾內亞的北海岸前進，橫穿丹皮爾海峽在新不列顛島登陸然後沿著海岸向拉包兒進軍。與此同時哈爾西在麥克阿瑟的命令下在所羅門群島進行了一係列的作戰行動，從瓜達爾到新幾內亞，直到布幹維爾島，距離拉包兒隻有250英裏了。終於，拉包兒被包圍了。但是等待美軍的是和日軍連續幾晚的激烈交戰。   在1月下旬，“企業”號被派往了珊瑚海，去為瓜達爾島的的登陸部隊提供支援，以便最終徹底地把島上的日軍趕走。在最後的海戰中，她為重巡洋艦“芝加哥”號提供空中支援。結果在1月29日“企業”號被日軍的陸航魚雷機的魚雷擊中。在第二天下午，敵軍又進行了一次空襲。在這次空襲中，也就是雷納爾島海戰中，“企業”號擊落了日軍來襲的12架飛機中的11架。很不幸的是至少4枚魚雷擊中了“芝加哥”號的甲板 ，給它造成了致命的傷害。 　　 　　This Air Group 6 Hellcat failed to clear the deck after being waved off a landing. Catapult officer Lieutenant Walter Chewning clambers onto a wing to pull the pilot free   第6飛行大隊的潑婦戰鬥機由於劇烈的震動降落失敗。發射軍官Walter Chewning 中尉正爬上機翼去解救飛行員。 　　By the end of April, the situation in the South Pacific was such that Enterprise could finally be spared for a much needed overhaul. Departing Espiritu Santo May 1, she arrived in Pearl Harbor May 8. Hopes that she'd promptly be sailing for the States were crushed as the harbor entrance came into view, literally: a signal light flickered the message that she'd be training a new air group for the next six weeks. The six weeks eventually stretched into ten, though the strain of waiting to sail home was briefly relieved on May 27, when Enterprise received the first  ever awarded to a carrier. 　　Finally, on Bastille Day, 1943, Enterprise sailed for home, slipping into a berth in Bremerton, Washington, as dusk settled on July 20. In moments that each of the hundreds of men had anticipated for months, three large groups of men and officers were given 30 days leave, departing the ship about a month apart. Meanwhile the engineers, welders, steamfitters, metalworkers and machinists of Bremerton Navy Yard swarmed over the ship, properly repairing her many wounds, and refitting her to reflect the new realities of war. When she departed Bremerton on 1 November 1943, a new torpedo blister extended three quarters the length of her hull. Her flanks bristled with 50 20mm guns, and 40 40mm Bofors barrels: 36 more anti-aircraft guns than she had in July. Her 40mm and 5-inch guns were now coupled to radar-controlled gunfire directors, and her damage control systems were completely overhauled. The flight deck had been lengthened eighteen feet and widened by five. Below decks, more berths had been packed in for her growing crew, and her bridge had been modernized. 　　Her appearance in Pearl Harbor on November 6 reportedly caused one Admiral to declare "If Enterprise is ready to fight, so am I." She had returned to a new war. The desperate defensive battles of 1942, fought by a handful of carriers against staggering odds, were past, as the U.S. Navy prepared to embark on the most sustained naval offensive in history. Enterprise and Saratoga, the only surviving veterans of 1942, now joined over a dozen new flattops, including six new Essex-class fleet carriers. Returning to action November 19, off the Gilbert Islands, Enterprise would not return to the United States for another 560 days. In that time, she and the armada which surrounded her would carry the war to the very shores of Japan.      4月底，那太平洋的局勢是這樣的，“企業”號需要進行一次大修。她5月1日離開聖埃斯皮力圖在5月8日到達珍珠港。原本期望她能返回本土。但是一個緊急的電報命令她在接下來的6個星期訓練一個新的飛行大隊。結果6個星期被延長為10周。當“企業”號第一次被判定誒航母時，已經是5月27日了，她有了短暫的放鬆機會。    終於在1943年的法國大革命節的時候，“企業”號回到了本土，在7月20日的黃昏她停靠在了華盛頓州布雷默頓的港口。此時很多人早就得到了消息，三群官兵得到了30天的假期。同時布雷默頓軍港的工程師、焊工、等大批技術工人紛紛登上軍艦進行維修，修補它在戰爭中的創傷，和為以後的戰爭作準備。當“企業”號在1943年11月1日離開布雷默頓的時候，她的甲板上增添了魚類發射艙。並且側弦裝備了50門20毫米和40門40毫米艦炮。比起7月她來的時候，增添了36門防空火炮。她的40毫米和5英寸艦炮可以由雷達引導射擊了。與此同時她的損傷已經完全修複。飛行甲板加長了18英尺，加寬了5英尺。在甲板下麵為船員增加了更多的艙位。她的艦橋更加的現代化了。   據說在11月6日，當“企業”號出現在珍珠港時，引發了一位海軍上將這樣的感歎：“如果企業號做好了戰鬥準備，那麽我也一樣。”她正式地返回戰場。像1942年那樣處於劣勢的防禦作戰已經一去不複返了。美國海軍將史無前例的強大，“企業”號和“薩拉托加”號，這兩艘1942年唯一幸存的老兵，現在有了一打的戰友，包括6艘新型的埃塞克斯級航母。在11月19日，基爾伯特群島的作戰行動中，“企業”號將有560天遠離本土作戰。以後，她和艦隊一起終將戰火燒到日本的海岸。

"Hit hard, hit fast, hit often."        -----Admiral William F. Halsey “猛烈、快速、連續地攻擊”        -----海軍上將威廉.F.哈爾西。 　　On the evening of 22 January 1944, under the watchful eyes of Undersecretary of the Navy James Forrestal and Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, an enormous striking force, designated Task Force 58, slowly filed out of Pearl Harbor and set course southwest for the Marshall Islands. Divided into four task groups - any one of which could have crushed the Japanese forces at the Eastern Solomons or Santa Cruz - the "big blue fleet" would not return to Pearl Harbor until the war's end. 　　On both sides of the Pacific, it was understood that 1944 marked the year the war would be won or lost. On both sides of the Pacific, war plans developed decades earlier were refined and then acted upon with vastly varying degrees of success. 　　The American War Plan Orange, which called for fleet to battle its way across the Pacific to relieve the Philippines in the event of a Japanese attack, became reality in 1944. But the plan had a new twist. Instead of single drive through the central Pacific, 1944 witnessed two simultaneous offensives: one commanded by General Douglas MacArthur from the south, the other led by Admirals Spruance and Mitscher through the Marshall and Marianas islands. Both drives converged on the Philippines in October. 　　Similarly, the Japanese pre-war plan, of drawing the enemy fleet into Japanese home waters, to be destroyed in a single, decisive battle, influenced their naval strategy in 1944. But while the American war plan led to incredible advances, leaps of 1000 miles at a time, the Japanese plan resulted in the utter destruction of Japan's naval forces. 　　 　　Though offensive to Americans today, this poster captured the fury and determination of the country at the height of the Second World War.     盡管美國今天遭到了攻擊，但是這張海報成功地燃起了美國國民的憤怒，同時堅定了他們贏得戰爭的決心。 　　Like an athlete at the peak of her condition, Enterprise was tirelessly in action for the entire year. In January she raided Taroa, in the Marshall islands, and then sailed north to pound Kwajalein atoll in preparation for its occupation. In February, she launched raid after raid against Truk, Japan's feared mid-Pacific fortress, breaking her own record for the tonnage of bombs dropped in a single day, and launching the first night bombing attack in the history of naval warfare. 　　In March, she covered the Emirau landings (one of the few easy landings of the war), then steamed 1,100 miles west of Truk to bomb the Japanese defenders of the Palau atoll, including Peleliu. In April, the Big E raided Woleai, sailed to Majuro atoll for a short rest, then headed south to cover MacArthur's landings at Hollandia, on the northwest coast of New Guinea. After the landings, she once again blasted Truk, and then returned to Majuro. 　　Enterprise lay over in Majuro for most of May, then on June 6 sortied with Task Force 58 north to the Marianas Islands. In a display of military and industrial might not seen before or since, the United States threw its weight behind two massive offensives on opposite sides of the globe. Off the beaches of Normandy, the United States, Canada and England amassed an invasion force of 4,000 vessels, 110,000 vehicles and nearly three quarters of a million men, then penetrated the Atlantic Wall on D-Day: June 6, 1944. Simultaneously, in the Pacific, a fleet of 535 ships and 127,000 soldiers and Marines bore down on Guam, Saipan and Tinian: major links in Japan's inner defensive line. 　　In early June, Enterprise and the other fast carriers hammered on Japanese planes and air fields in the Marianas, and then on the landing beaches themselves, in preparation for invasion launched on June 15. 　　A few days later, in the last great carrier battle of the war - likely the last in history - Mitscher and Spruance faced off against Japanese Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and destroyed Japan's naval air power for good. Prowling off the Marianas until July 5, Enterprise turned east for Pearl Harbor for repair, and to bring aboard a new air group: Air Group 20. 　　By the end of August, she was back in action off the Bonin islands, then Yap, Ulithi, Peleliu and Palau. After supporting the Peleliu invasion in September, she struck at the Philippines and Formosa, before taking part in the largest naval battle in history: Leyte Gulf. 　　For another month, Enterprise and Task Force 38 (renamed from Task Force 58 when Halsey relieved Spruance after the Marianas invasions) roamed off the Philippines, attacking Japanese air fields and shipping, before finally returning to Pearl Harbor on December 6. 　　When Enterprise stood out from Oahu on Christmas Eve 1944, she had been re-designated CV(N)-6. The "N" stood for "Night". Enterprise was the first fleet carrier ordered into, and capable of, around-the-clock warfare. At night, her planes would fly combat air patrols and launch strikes against the enemy; by day her flight deck was ready to receive planes and pilots too battered to return to their home carriers, to fly CAP missions during enemy attack and to provide fighter direction for the fleet. 　　For a seaman in Enterprise in the last days of 1944, it was clear that the Allies had made great strides during the preceding year: that the writing was on the wall for Germany and Japan. What he could not know was that the coming year would see the most fierce fighting, and the highest casualties, of the entire Pacific conflict. Nor could he know that 1945 would be the year that Enterprise would finally be removed forcibly from the war.   1944年1月22日夜，在海軍副部長詹姆斯.弗萊斯特和艦隊司令切斯特.尼米茲的注視下，一支龐大的攻擊艦隊緩緩駛離珍珠港，他們的目標是西南方的馬紹爾群島。這隻艦隊隨後分成幾個作戰群，每一個分艦隊的目標都一樣，那就是肅清日本在東所羅門群島和聖克魯斯群島的軍事力量。“大藍艦隊”一直到戰爭結束才返回珍珠港。   對於太平洋戰爭的交戰雙方來說，1944年將會決定誰勝誰敗。對於太平洋戰爭的交戰雙方來說，10年以前戰爭計劃的將會是否實現，並且在很大程度上將會扮演至關重要的角色。   美軍的作戰計劃“橘色行動”原本打算讓艦隊橫穿太平洋來支援被日軍攻擊的菲律賓。而這個計劃終於在1944年實現了。但是這個計劃還有另外一個版本，那就是沿著太平洋中部長驅直入。1944年這兩個計劃同時進行：一路是麥克阿瑟將軍指揮的南路軍，另一路則是由海軍上將斯普魯恩斯和米契爾指揮的向馬紹爾群島和馬裏亞納群島進軍。這兩支大軍將於10月在菲律賓會師。   與此同時日軍也有一個作戰計劃，把敵軍艦隊引誘到日本近海，然後進行一場決戰。這個計劃決定了他們1944年的海軍戰略。但是當美軍的作戰計劃進行的一場順利，前進了1000英裏的時候，日本軍部的這個作戰計劃最終完全失敗了。   像一名運動員處於運動巔峰的時刻一樣，“企業”號不知疲倦地參加了全年的作戰行動。在1月她到了馬紹爾群島的塔羅亞，然後向北來到了誇賈林環礁進入戰備狀態。2月她奔襲了日軍在中太平洋的特魯克要塞。在這次戰鬥中“企業”號打破了自己單天擊沉敵艦總噸位的紀錄。同時樹立了美軍海軍曆史上第一次夜間轟炸的紀錄。   3月，她在埃米勞島停泊，然後向西遷進1000英裏到達特魯克轟炸了日軍在帕勞包括貝裏琉島在內的日軍防禦。在4月大E襲擊了沃勒艾環礁後，在馬朱羅環礁進行了短暫地休整。接著“企業”號前往新幾內亞西北海岸的荷蘭蒂亞為麥克阿瑟將軍的登陸部隊提供空中掩護。支援完登陸作戰後，“企業”號又一次襲擊了特魯克，然後返回了馬朱羅環礁。   整個5月“企業”號基本上都在馬朱羅環礁度過，6月6日她跟隨58特遣艦隊向北遷往馬裏亞納群島。國家工業實力和軍事力量從未如此強大的展現出來。美國把他的實力展現在地球兩端的不同戰線上。在D-Day這一天的諾曼底海灘上，美國、加拿大和英國集中了4000艘船隻，11萬台車輛和幾百萬人來突破大西洋防線。與此同時1944年6月6日在太平洋上，535艘軍艦和12萬7千人向關島、塞班島和天寧島，日本內防禦圈的主要防線即將被打破。 在6月上旬，“企業”號和其他快速航母不斷攻擊日軍在馬裏亞納群島的日軍飛機和機場，然後在海灘上建立自己的機場。他們計劃在6月15日打算進行登陸作戰。   幾天後，在最後一次航母大戰中米契爾和斯普魯恩斯直接在菲律賓海戰中麵對日軍小澤治三郎中將。在這次海戰中日軍的海軍空中力量消滅殆盡。“企業”號在那裏徘徊到7月5日，然後返回珍珠港進行修理。回來後她又帶來了一個新的飛行大隊：第20飛行大隊。   到8月末，“企業”號參加了對小笠原群島的作戰，然後是雅浦島、尤利緹珊瑚島、帕勞島和佩萊利烏島。9月支援完佩萊利烏島作戰後，她又參加了曆史上最大的海戰--萊特灣海戰，隨後“企業”號又攻擊了菲律賓和台灣。   在下個月，“企業”號和第38特遣艦隊（馬裏亞納作戰後哈爾西接替了斯普魯恩斯後第58特遣艦隊更名為38。）在菲律賓附近巡航，攻擊日軍的機場和補給艦。最後在12月6日他們返回了珍珠港。   當1944年聖誕節“企業”號駛離奧阿胡島後，她有了一個新的名字CV（N）-6，“N”代表夜晚，“企業”號是第一艘有能力進行夜間作戰的航空母艦。在夜晚，她的飛機能進行起飛攻擊敵軍，在白天她的飛行甲板接收那些已經疲憊不堪的飛行員。   1944年的最後幾天對於“企業”號的水兵來說這一年盟軍取得了巨大的勝利。他不會知道在接下來的一年中他們將麵對更加殘酷的戰鬥，他們將遭受整個太平洋戰爭中最大的傷亡。他也不會知道在1945年“企業”號將最終被迫離開戰爭。

Enterprise's Number One elevator caps a 400 foot pillar of smoke and wreckage, moments after a bomb-laden Kamikaze plunged through her flight deck, May 14, 1945.     1945年5月14日，當一架裝滿炸藥的自殺式攻擊機撞向“企業”號的甲板時，她的1號升起了400英尺高的濃煙。 "You're scared and no denying it ..."        -----VT(N)-90 Squadron History, April 1945 “你們嚇壞了，沒有打消這種念頭”        -----1945年4月第90航空母艦分隊曆史 　　The first Kamikaze ("Divine Wind") attacks in October 1944 changed the nature and psychology of the Pacific war. The Kamikaze - a Japanese fighter or bomber, often armed with a single large bomb, carrying enough fuel for a one-way suicidal strike - was a lethal and fearsome weapon. 　　The Kamikaze, if he succeeded in penetrating a Task Force's cruiser and destroyer screen, was far more dangerous than an ordinary bomber or torpedo plane. Though usually flown by minimally trained pilots, Kamikazes were in a sense "smart" bombs, capable of waiting for the opportune moment to strike, and keeping up with every turn of their target. If they struck a ship - and 7% did - the disintegrating plane, burning fuel and plunging engine would inflict considerable damage beyond that caused by the bomb itself. 　　The Kamikaze attack symbolized a mindset incomprehensible to most Americans. For the most part, American commanders strove to minimize casualties in their forces: suicidal attacks were virtually unheard of. But the Kamikaze attack was suicidal, was ordered by commanding officers, was part of Japan's strategy. It went beyond what American seamen understood as "fair fighting": even in war. It disoriented, it terrified, it assaulted a man's hope that he might make it home alive. 　　In the face of this threat, and with Japanese naval air power in ruins, U.S. carrier forces had three primary roles: providing air support for ground forces and landings, providing air defense for the fleet, and suppressing Japan's ground-based air forces. As a night carrier, carrying Night Air Group 90, Enterprise was particularly involved in the latter two missions. 　　Along with other carriers designated as night carriers - the light carrier Independence CVL-22, and Saratoga CV-3 - Enterprise defended the fleet from night bomber attacks, flew daytime combat air patrols, and launched nighttime strikes against enemy shipping and airfields. It was dangerous and exhausting work. Joe Hranek, crewman in Enterprise's VT(N)-90 recalls: "...I was never sure where we were until [the pilot] cut the engine and the deck lights suddenly appeared. All in all it was sheer terror." 　　Enterprise's first strikes of 1945 were against airfields on Luzon, Philippines, followed by raids into Indo-China, and five major strikes on shipping and installations along the Indo-China and South China Sea coasts. Sailing north, she pounded Formosa (Taiwan) before returning to Ulithi atoll for replenishment. Departing Ulithi on January 26 she joined Task Force 58 on the mission her men had been waiting three long years for: . Dwarfing the Doolittle raid of April 1942, the February 16-17 strikes on Tokyo involved nearly 800 Navy fighters, bombers, and torpedo planes: blasting airfields, shipping and port facilities and industrial targets in and around Tokyo. Enterprise's Night Air Group 90 (NAG-90) flew into Tokyo Bay at dusk February 16, attacking the air base at Yokosuka, tearing up planes and airfields, radio and radar installations, trains and depots. 　　 March 20, 1945: Aftermath of three near misses, and two friendly fire hits. 1945年3月20日在遭受攻擊後的情景 　　Withdrawing south, Enterprise and the other carriers took up stations off , attacking nearby enemy airfields, and providing close air support for the Marines who landed on February 19. 　　If Allied victory seemed inevitable by this time, Iwo Jima, and later Okinawa, proved how Pyrrhic the victory could become. On Iwo Jima, 5931 Marines, 881 sailors and over 20,000 Japanese defenders died. Kamikaze attacks sank the escort carrier Bismarck Sea CVE-95, and knocked old Saratoga out of the war for good. Although most of TF 58's carriers pulled away from Iwo on February 23 for further strikes against Honshu, Japan, Enterprise's TG 58.5 remained behind. For a record-setting seven days and six hours between February 23 and March 2 - 174 hours total - Enterprise ran continuous air operations. Day and night, she provided air defense for the Marines on Iwo, the amphibious forces, and her own task group, and also struck at enemy airfields and shipping at Chichi Jima, to the north. Only severe weather forced the Big E to halt flight operations on March 2. The next day, round-the-clock operations resumed and continued until March 9, when Army Air Force planes flying from captured Iwo Jima airfields were able to relieve Night Air Group 90. 　　After two short days in Ulithi, Enterprise again sailed north, this time to pound airfields in Kyushu and Shikoku, in preparation for the Okinawa landings. On March 19, to the horror of every man in the fleet, the carrier Franklin CV-13 was struck by two bombs while her flight deck was full of armed and fueled planes. The resulting explosions and inferno killed 798 men. Remarkably, Franklin survived and eventually retired to the U.S. east coast for repair, but for her the war was over. 　　The next day, Enterprise herself came under attack. Throughout the day, enemy bombers and suicide planes had harassed the fleet, attacking singly or in small groups. Late in the afternoon, two 'Judy' bombers dove on the ship in separate attacks. The near misses caused no serious damage. However, in their determination to protect the Big E, other ships in her group had drawn down their anti-aircraft fire close to her flight deck. Moments after the second near miss exploded off Enterprise's starboard quarter, two 5" shells fired by another US Navy ship slammed into the Enterprise's 40mm gun tubs forward of the bridge, killing 7 and wounding 30. The spreading fires set off 20mm and 40mm shells in the gun tubs, and threatened the fueled and armed planes on the hangar deck below. After 20 minutes of fire-fighting efforts, hardly interrupted by another near miss off the port quarter, Enterprise's men had the fires under control, and 15 minutes later, out for good. 　　At Ulithi, men from repair ship Jason and Enterprise's R Division labored for ten days to patch up her wounds. On April 5, she sailed to join TF 58 off Okinawa, where the 3rd Marine Corps and XIV Army Corps had landed on April 1. On the 6th, as the Big E steamed northwest, 350 Kamikazes attacked TF 58, sinking three ships. Over the next six weeks, suicide attacks sank another 33 ships and damaged 368 others. On April 11, for the second time in less than a month, Enterprise was again attacked. Two Kamikazes crashed within yards of her, wrenching her hull, killing one, and wounding 18. 　　Again Enterprise withdrew to Ulithi for repairs by Jason's men: again, three weeks later, she returned to combat off Okinawa. On May 11, the Kamikazes returned, this time catching Admiral Marc Mitscher's flagship Bunker Hill CV-17 with a deckload of planes. Bunker Hill was still afire when Mitscher transferred his Flag to Enterprise. Striving to end the Kamikaze attacks - costing the Navy "a ship and a half a day," in Admiral Nimitz's words - on May 12 Enterprise launched a night strike against Kyushu, targeting air fields and port facilities. 　　Two days later, however, inbound Kamikazes once more began filling the fleet's radar screens shortly after sunrise. One of the planes penetrated the destroyer screen, hopping from cloud to cloud, carefully avoiding the anti-aircraft barrage and patrolling fighters. Shortly before 0700, the bomber dove on Enterprise, flipped over and plunged through Enterprise's flight deck just aft of the forward elevator. The explosion sent the 15 ton elevator rocketing 400 feet into the air, wounding 72 men and killing 12. Though the Big E never left her station or lost speed, her fighting efficiency was compromised, and on 16 May 1945, she withdrew from combat. The last carrier struck by a Kamikaze, she would not return to war. 　　Returning first to Pearl Harbor, she received a hero's welcome before sailing for "Uncle Sugar" - the United States - two days later, flying an enormous 578 ft pennant: one foot for every day since she'd left Bremerton in November 1943. Once again in Bremerton, she was repaired and overhauled: she was moored to Pier 6 in Puget Sound Navy Yard when Japan surrendered on 14 August 1945. 　　 Enterprise pulls away from Southampton, England, on December 13, 1945.   1945年12月13離開英格蘭南安普敦的“企業”號 　　Enterprise returned to Pearl Harbor in September, then sailed on September 25 with her new Night Air Group 55, bound for New York via the Panama Canal. This was the first of four "Magic Carpet" voyages she'd complete that fall and winter. From Pearl, she carried 1141 passengers, including hospital patients and repatriated prisoners of war. 　　She rejoined the fleet in New York Harbor October 17, for the Navy Day celebration on October 27. By this time, her story, and the crucial role she'd played again and again in the Pacific war, were public knowledge and for two weeks the Big E was the center of the city's attention. Her name was emblazoned across  - "The Big E, Fightin'est Carrier, In!" Moored to Pier 26 on the Hudson River, she welcomed over a quarter million visitors, and rendered "passing honors" to President Truman when he inspected the ships at anchor on the 27th. That afternoon, Enterprise's Navy Band #51 led the World War II Victory Parade - and thousands of United States sailors, soldiers and Marines - down New York City's Avenue of the Americas. After nightfall, Night Air Group 55 flew in formation, fully alight, to salute the fleet and the Big E herself. 　　Recognition of her greatness did not end there. Tying up briefly in Southampton, England, on her November Magic Carpet voyage, Enterprise became the first - and to date only - ship outside the Royal Navy ever awarded that Navy's highest honor: the Admiralty Pennant. On that voyage, she carried 4668 servicemen home from Europe; on her next voyage, she carried another 4413 military passengers from Southampton, arriving in New York on . Her last Magic Carpet voyage took her to the Azores, where she picked up 3557 passengers, including 212 WACS, returning to New York January 17, 1946. The next day she moored at Bayonne, New Jersey: a proud ship, but never to sail under her own power again.     第一次自殺式（神風突擊隊）攻擊發生在1944年10月。從此，太平洋戰爭的本質和雙方士兵心理都發生了重大改變。自殺式飛機是日本由戰鬥機或者轟炸機改裝的。通常這種飛機帶一顆大的炸彈，油量隻能單程飛行。不管怎麽說這種飛機都是一種致命和可怕的武器。   一架自殺飛機如果成功地突破了特混艦隊巡洋艦和驅逐艦的防空圈的話，它遠比一架普通的轟炸機或者魚雷機要危險。自殺飛機通常是由缺乏經驗的飛行員駕駛，因此它某種意義上說是一種“靈巧炸彈”，而且它能夠選擇好的機會進行攻擊，能夠追蹤目標的每一個動向。如果神風機擊中了目標（成功率大約為7％），解體的飛機，燃燒的油料和飛散的引擎會造成損傷遠比炸彈爆炸的威力大得多。   自殺攻擊機是大部分美國是無法理解的。通常，美國指揮官會盡力減少己方的傷亡，事實上從未使用過自殺性的攻擊。而在軍官指揮下的自殺攻擊神風突擊隊則是日本戰略的一部分。這超過了美國水兵心目中的“公平戰爭”的承受能力。甚至在戰爭中，它使得一個人應該盡可能活著回家的希望變得迷惑、恐懼和渺茫。   麵對這種威脅，同時還有日本海軍已經基本毀滅的情況下，美軍航母的任務成了以下三項：為地麵和登陸部隊提供空中掩護，為艦隊提供空中防禦，壓製日本的陸航空兵。作為裝載著第90夜航大隊的夜航航母，“企業”號主要參與了後兩項任務。   和其他被指定的夜航航母比如CVL-22輕型航母“獨立”號和CV-3“薩拉托加”號一起，“企業”號主要為艦隊提供對夜間轟炸機攻擊防禦，白天進行空中戰鬥巡邏，夜間攻擊敵方船隻和機場。這都是危險和疲勞的工作。“企業”號上的一個名為Joe Hranek成員回憶說“直到引擎關掉，甲板燈亮起，我都不知道我們到底在哪裏。這一切完全是令人恐怖。”   1945年“企業”號的第一次任務是對呂宋島上的機場進行攻擊，然後是對印度支那半島的襲擊，接著沿著印度支那和南中國海的海岸線對船隻和設施進行了五次較大的攻擊。然後她在向北航行襲擊了台灣島後，“企業”號回到烏裏錫環礁進行補給。1月26日，“企業”號駛離烏裏錫環礁後加入第58特混艦隊，他們要進行船員們已經盼望了三年的任務。這次空襲使得杜立特在1942年4月的空襲相形見拙。2月16日和17日，近800架海軍戰鬥機，轟炸機和魚雷機參加了對東京的空襲。它們轟炸了東京市內外的機場，船隻，港口設施和工業設施等目標。“企業”號的第90夜間大隊在2月16日黃昏飛入東京灣，攻擊了橫須賀的空軍基地，摧毀了飛機，機場，無線電，雷達設備，火車和機庫。   隨後“ 企業”號和其他航母撤向南方，在硫黃島外進入戰備狀態。它們攻擊鄰近的日本機場，並為2月19日登陸的海軍陸戰隊提供空中支援。   在同盟國即將獲得最終的勝利的時候，硫黃島和後來的衝繩島顯示了勝利到來最終到來的時候是何等的艱難。在硫黃島，5931名海軍陸戰隊，881名水手，以及20000多名日本士兵喪生。神風突擊隊擊沉了CVE-95護航航母“俾斯麥海”號，並且重傷了老“薩拉托加”號，使它永遠退出了戰場。雖然第58特混艦隊的大部分航母在2月23日對本州島進行進一步的襲擊，“企業”號卻被留了下來。作為一項記錄，從2月23日到3月2日，“企業”號連續作戰共達7天零6小時（共174小時）。它晝夜不停地掩護島上的陸戰隊員，兩棲部隊和它自己所在編隊，還要打擊北方的小笠原群島的機場和船隻。直到3月2日，糟糕的天氣才中止了大E的不知疲倦的起降作業。第二天，“企業”號不分晝夜的空中行動再次開始，直到3月9日，美國陸航航空隊的飛機可以從被占領的硫黃島的機場出發執行任務。第90夜航聯隊才得以停止任務。   在烏裏錫環礁休息了兩天後，“企業”號再次駛向北方。這次，它要襲擊九州島和四國島上的機場，為對衝繩島的登陸作準備。3月19日，發生了一件令艦隊的每個人都感到恐怖的事情，當CV-13“富蘭克林”號飛行甲板上停滿了滿載燃油和武器的飛機時，她被兩顆炸彈擊中。然後引發的大爆炸導致798人死亡。但是，“富蘭克林”號奇跡般地存活了下來，並且最終駛回了美國東海岸進行修理，但它的戰爭也就此結束了。   第二天，“企業”號自己也遭到了攻擊。整整一天，日本轟炸機和自殺飛機都以單機或小群騷擾著艦隊。下午晚些時候，兩架D4Y彗星飛機先後對“企業”號進行了俯衝攻擊，但由於偏離目標並沒有造成嚴重損傷。然而，為了保護大E，編隊裏的其它艦隻的防空炮火角度壓得很低以至於太靠近“企業”號的飛行甲板。在第二枚炸彈偏離目標在“企業”號右舷爆炸後不久，兩顆其它艦隻發射的5英寸防空炮彈射入了“企業”號艦橋前方的40毫米防空彈藥庫，導致7死30傷30。散布開來的火焰引燃了彈藥庫裏的20毫米和40毫米炮彈，並且威脅到了下方飛行甲板上的加載了燃油和彈藥的飛機。在20分鍾的搶救後，期間還被一次對左舷的偏離目標的攻擊打斷，“企業”號的船員控製了火勢，又過了15分鍾，他們撲滅了大火。   在烏裏錫環礁，修理船維修人員苦幹了10天修補好了“加森”號和“企業”號的傷勢。4月5日，“企業”號加入了在衝繩島外的第58特混艦隊。在那裏第3海軍陸戰隊軍和陸軍第14軍已在4月1日登陸。4月6日，正當大E向西北方航行時，350架自殺飛機攻擊了第58特混艦隊，3艘軍艦被擊沉。在接下來的6個星期中，自殺飛機擊沉了33艘艦船，擊傷368艘。4月11日，不到一個月的時間裏，“企業”號遭到第二次襲擊。兩架神風機墜毀在離它幾碼的地方，造成了船體扭曲，1人死亡，18人受傷。   “企業”號再一次返回烏裏錫環礁由Jason號修理。三個星期後，它再次投入衝繩島的戰鬥。5月11日，神風突擊隊又一次襲擊艦隊，這次海軍上將馬克.米契爾的旗艦CV-17“邦克山”號被擊中了，當時“邦克山”號的甲板上停滿了飛機。當米契爾上將將他的將旗轉移到“企業”號上時，他的旗艦還在燃燒。為了中止神風突擊隊的攻擊――尼米茲上將的話是“每天海軍損失一艘半條船”――“企業”號在5月12日對九州島的機場和設備進行了一次夜間空襲。   即使這樣，兩天之後的早上，艦隊的雷達嫂米屏幕上又一次布滿了來襲的神風突擊隊。一架飛機突破了驅逐艦的防護圈，在雲間躲避著防空炮火和巡邏的戰鬥機。在快7：00的時候，這架自殺機向“企業”號俯衝，撞入前升降機後的飛行甲板。爆炸把15噸重的升降機拋到400英尺高的空中，並且造成了12人死亡，72人受傷。雖然大E並沒有喪失動力和減速，但作戰能力大大降低了。1945年5月16日，它退出戰鬥返航。作為最後一艘遭到神風機撞擊的航母，她再也沒有返回戰場。     返回珍珠港時，她受到了英雄般的歡迎。兩天後，“企業”號啟程返回美國本土，一條578英尺長的巨大旗幟飄揚在“企業號”上：每一英尺都代表著1943年11月她離開布賴默頓的每一天。還是在布雷默頓船廠，“企業”號又進行了一次大修。當1945年8月14日日本投降的消息傳來的時候，她正停泊在普吉特灣海軍船廠的6號碼頭。   “企業”號在9月返回珍珠港。9月25日她載著新的第55夜航聯隊通過巴拿馬運河駛向紐約。這是它在秋冬完成的四次“魔毯”航行中的第一次。她從珍珠港，載運了包括醫院裏的傷員和被解救的戰俘在內的1141名乘客。   “企業”號在紐約於10月17日重新加入艦隊，準備在27日參加海軍節的慶典。到此時，“企業”號的故事和在太平洋戰爭中的關鍵作用已是人人皆知，整整兩周裏，大E都是整座城市關注的焦點，她的名字出現在報紙的頭條：“企業”號，頭號航母，進港！“企業”號停泊在哈德遜河第26碼頭接受了數百萬人的參觀並在27日接受了杜魯門總統的檢閱。在這天下午，“企業”號的海軍第51軍樂隊引導了二戰勝利大遊行，數千名水手，水兵和陸戰隊員參加了紐約大街上的遊行。夜幕降臨後，夜航55聯隊開著全部航行燈列隊向“企業”號致敬。   對它的表彰到此還未結束。在11月的“魔毯”行動中，“企業”號在英國南安普敦榮獲了皇家海軍曆史上唯一一次頒發給外國軍艦的最高榮譽――海軍旗幟。此次航行，它從歐洲帶著4668人回國。在下一次旅程中，它又從南安普敦帶回4413名軍人，回到紐約。最後一次“魔毯”航行是從亞速爾群島帶回了3557人，包括212名女性。這次她在1946年1月17日回到紐約。第二天，它在新澤西的巴永內港停泊。這艘驕傲的軍艦再也沒有參加過作戰。

"...the one ship that most nearly symbolizes the history of the Navy in this war."        -----Secretary of the Navy, James V. Forrestal “...這是一條幾乎象征著二戰中整個海軍曆史的軍艦”        -----海軍部長，傑姆斯.佛瑞斯特 　　Enterprise languished at her Bayonne, New Jersey moorage for twelve and a half years. Though she never went to sea again, she remained in active service until February 17, 1947 when she was decommissioned, and reclassified as a unit in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. As a reserve unit she was redesignated CVA-6 (attack carrier) in October 1952, and then CVS-6 (anti-submarine carrier) on August 8, 1953. While "young" for a capital ship, she had been rendered obsolete by the rapid development of naval aviation during and after the war. She could not economically be modernized to handle the heavier, faster planes coming in to service. (The Big E served for nine years. In comparison, her namesake, the nuclear-powered , commissioned in 1961, is expected to have an active duty life of 50 years.) 　　With Enterprise in mothballs, a number of efforts were made to preserve her for public exhibit. The first attempt came in 1946, when she was proposed for donation to New York State. Three years later, the San Francisco Museum of Science and Industry suggested exhibiting her at Treasure Island Naval Air Station, in San Francisco Bay. The Navy declined the offer, citing the cost of transferring the ship and maintaining her afterwards. 　　No further attempts were made until October 1956, when the Navy released a list of ships it could no longer afford to mothball. The list included Enterprise, as well as several of the great battleships that had fought at her side: North Carolina, South Dakota and Washington. 　　Though many years had passed since the last effort to preserve her had failed, Enterprise had not been forgotten. In 1954, several of her former crewmembers formed the , holding their first reunion that year in Chicago, Illinois. In 1956, Enterprise received a number of special visitors. Rear Admiral Thomas Kinkaid, who'd flown his flag from her in 1942 at the , held his retirement ceremony on her hangar deck. That same year, 350 Enterprise Association members attended a reunion at New York's Astor Hotel, the highlight of which was a visit to the Big E at her Bayonne moorage. 　　When the Navy announced it could no longer maintain Enterprise, the Association stepped forward to save her. Launching a publicity drive and aided by Enterprise's old friend, Admiral William F. Halsey, the Association succeeded in passing a resolution through Congress to establish Enterprise as a national memorial in Washington, DC. But the resolution had a catch: the Association had to assume full fiscal responsibility for maintaining Enterprise, and was given just six months to raise the initial two million dollars needed to move and preserve the ship. 　　 August 21, 1958: The Big E is pushed past the Brooklyn Bridge, and into oblivion. 1958年8月21日：大企被拖過布魯克林大橋，進入被遺忘的旅程 　　For a nation eager to forget the terrible wars and depression of the first half of the century, excited by the developing space race, and not yet appreciative of the historic value of the war's great combatants, it was too much in too short a time. The Association, recognizing the impossibility of saving the ship, sought a compromise with the Navy. 　　An agreement was reached between Secretary of the Navy Thomas S. Gates, and the Enterprise Association. The Association would abandon its drive to save the ship, allowing the Navy to sell her for scrap, relieving it of the cost of continuing to mothball her. In return, the Navy promised to name the first nuclear-powered carrier (then in construction) "Enterprise", dedicate the Elevator Tower at the Navy-Marine Corps Stadium in Annapolis in Enterprise's name in exchange for a $10,000 sponsorship from the Association, and donate to the Association any parts of Enterprise suitable for inclusion in a memorial to the carrier. All but one of these promises were kept: Enterprise's distinctive tripod mast, which was to be mounted atop the Elevator Tower, was ultimately discarded. 　　Enterprise's demise caused much hurt and anger for many who served in her. And while it may not have been clear then, it is now: Enterprise was a unique national and historical treasure, and the country is poorer for her not being preserved. The last surviving prewar carrier (Saratoga was destroyed by an atomic bomb test in 1946), the only carrier to fight at Pearl Harbor, the only surviving carrier from Midway and the Guadalcanal campaign, the ship which at one point was the only U.S. carrier left to fight in the Pacific, Enterprise was one of a handful of truly great ships in history: Constitution, Victory, Constellation, Enterprise. 　　Still, there were those who felt that Enterprise's greatness was more than could be preserved by simply preserving the ship: it was the efficiency and fighting spirit of her men, the blessing of Fortune, her knack for being where she was needed most, and the affection and respect she instilled in all who served with her. Alvin Kernan writes in "Crossing The Line": 　　"...I couldn't bear to think of her sitting around in some backwater, being exploited in unworthy ways, invaded by hordes of tourists with no sense of her greatness. Better by far, I thought, to leave her to memory of those who had served on her when she was fully alive, vibrating under full steam at thirty-two knots, the aircraft turning up, guns firing, heeling over so sharply that the hangar deck took on water to avoid the bombs." 　　Having served the State, Enterprise - CV-6, the Big E, the Galloping Ghost, "the carrier that fought the most throughout the entire war" - was sold for scrap on July 1, 1958. 　　By March of 1960, she was gone. 企業號戰後在新澤西州的Bayonne錨地苦守了十二年半的時光。雖然它再也沒有出海，但它仍保留在現役中直至1947年2月17日。此後它退出現役，成為大西洋後備役艦隊的一部分。作為一艘後備役艦船，它在1952年10月被重新編號為CVA－6（攻擊航母），後來在1953年8月又改為CVS－6（反潛航母）。雖然作為主力艦來說它還算“年輕”，但麵對戰時和戰後海軍航空兵的飛速發展，它已經顯得過時了。對它進行現代化改造以適應更重更快的飛機是不經濟的。（大E隻服了9年的現役。而形成對比的是，下一艘“企業”號CVN－65在1961年入役，估計將活躍50年之久。） 當企業號被封存時，有很多企圖保留它作公共展出的努力。第一次嚐試是在1946年，它被提議贈送給紐約州。三年後，舊金山科技館建議在舊金山灣的財寶島海軍航空站展出企業號。海軍拒絕了這些建議，理由是轉移和保存這艘航母的費用太高。 此後沒有進一步的保護企業號的嚐試。直至1956年10月，海軍宣布不再維持許多艦船的封存。這份名單裏包括了企業號，還有許多功勳卓著的軍艦，如北卡羅來納號，南達科他號和華盛頓號戰列艦。 盡管最後一次保存企業號的失敗的努力已經過去了很多年，但是企業號至今仍沒有被遺忘。在1954年，一些原來企業號的成員組織成立了“企業號CV－6聯合會”，並且在這一年，於芝加哥舉行了第一次聚會。在1956年，企業號接待了許多特殊的參觀者。曾經在1942年的聖卡魯斯海戰中在企業號上升起將旗的托馬斯.金凱德海軍少將在它的甲板上舉行了自己的退役典禮。同年，350名企業號的前成員參加了在紐約的Astor Hotel的聚會，並且參觀了企業號。 當海軍宣布不再保存企業號時，企業號協會開始盡力挽救它。他們展開了一場公關活動並且得到了企業號的老朋友――威廉.哈爾西海軍五星上將的幫助。他們成功地使國會通過一項決議，將企業號作為在華盛頓特區的一處國家紀念物。但這項決議有一個附加條件，企業號協會必須負起保存企業號的經濟開支，並且在六個月內支付最初的200萬美元用於轉移和保護這條航母。 但是在那個時候，整個國家都急於忘卻二十世紀上半世紀的可怕的戰爭和經濟危機，而且被新的太空計劃所吸引，他們已經不再對二戰中這些功勳戰艦的曆史價值感興趣了。在這麽短的時間裏，不可能籌集到這麽多資金。協會認識到不可能挽救企業號了，於是開始尋求和海軍達成妥協。 最後企業號協會和海軍部長托馬斯.蓋茨達成了協議。協會放棄了挽救企業號的努力，同意海軍將其解體以節約封存經費。作為回報，海軍將把開工的世界上第一艘核動力航空母艦命名為“企業號”，在獲得協會的10000美元捐款後，把安納波利斯的海軍體育場的升降塔命名為“企業”，並且允許協會從企業號上拆下可以用來作為紀念的部件。但是後來，本應該裝到升降塔頂的企業號的三角桅被廢棄了。 企業號的毀滅傷透了許多曾經在它上麵服役的人的心。今天看來很清楚，企業號是特殊的國家和曆史紀念物，但當年國家虧待了它，沒有保留它。最後一艘留存的戰前建成的航母，唯一一艘在珍珠港戰鬥過的航母，唯一一艘在中途島和瓜達卡納爾戰役中幸存的航母，一度是美國唯一戰鬥在太平洋的航母，它應當屬於曆史上最偉大的戰艦之列：憲法號，勝利號，星座號和企業號。那些曾經在企業號上戰鬥的人們的勇敢和偉大同樣值得紀念。 曾經為國家英勇戰鬥的企業號，CV－6，大E，飛馳的幽靈，“在戰爭中參加過最多戰鬥的航母”，在1958年7月1日被出售給Lipsett公司解體。 1960 年3月，企業號永遠逝去了。

The Ship 　　 　　Three views of Enterprise CV-6, from 1938 to 1944, courtesy of Gordon G. Buttars. Click an image for an enlarged sketch of how the carrier appeared in 1938, 1942 and 1944. 戈登G巴塔斯繪製的“企業”號1938年到1944年的三張兩視圖。點擊放大1938年、1942年和1944年航母的變化。 　　Enterprise CV-6 was the second of the three Yorktown-class carriers. One of the most successful warship designs in history, the Yorktown-class carriers were built with the experience gained from earlier carrier designs: Lexington CV-2 and Saratoga CV-3, which were built on converted battle-cruiser hulls, and Ranger CV-4, the first US carrier specifically designed as a carrier.   CV-6“企業”號是第二艘約克城級航母。曆史上最成功的戰艦之一。約克城級航母的建造很大程度上借鑒了早期航母的經驗。比如由戰列巡洋艦改裝的CV-2“列克星頓”號和CV-3“薩拉托加”號，以及美國海軍最早的一艘航母CV-4“巡遊者”號。 　　Enterprise, and her sister ships Yorktown CV-5 and Hornet CV-8, while of a third smaller displacement than Lexington and Saratoga, could carry practically the same number of aircraft, and 30% more aviation fuel. In other words, they could deliver the same offensive punch more times, and more efficiently. The Yorktown-class carriers were exceptionally seaworthy, and more maneuverable than their predecessors. In keeping with American carrier doctrine, they sacrificed armor and guns to maximize the number of attack planes carried. Yet, with hundreds of watertight internal compartments, they were also capable of surviving terrific battle damage.   “企業”號和她的姊妹艦CV-5“約克城”號以及CV-8“大黃蜂”號比“列克星頓”號和“薩拉托加號”略小。但是他們運載的飛機基本上相等，而且多裝載了30%的航空燃油。換句話說，他們能夠進行同樣猛烈的打擊並且次數更多，更有效。約克城級航母比起他們的前輩來更加適於航行，有著更加牢靠的操作性。他們秉承了美國海軍的傳統，犧牲了裝甲和隔離艙來裝載最大數量的飛機。不過有著上百個密封艙的他們，也能承受得住遭受猛烈打擊。 　　Perhaps their primary weakness as designed was vulnerability to torpedo attack. Both Yorktown (at Midway) and Hornet (at Santa Cruz) were severely damaged by Japanese torpedoes, though it's worth noting that both ships put up considerable resistance to actually sinking afterwards. It is also noteworthy that of the all the US fleet carriers to serve in the Pacific in the first year of the war, Enterprise was the only one not to be struck by an enemy torpedo ... and near the end of that first year, she was also the only battle-ready US fleet carrier. As part of her 1943 refit at Bremerton, Washington, Enterprise acquired a torpedo blister along three quarters of her hull, above and below waterline.   也許他們最大的弱點就像傳說中的那樣容易被魚雷擊中。“約克城”號（在中途島）和“大黃蜂”號（在聖克魯斯）都是被日本的魚雷炸成重傷的。雖然有記錄證明這兩艘航母在防禦方麵作了不少的努力。值得注意的是美軍的所有航母在太平洋戰爭的第一年沒有任何損失。“企業”號是唯一一艘沒有被敵軍魚雷攻擊的航母。戰爭開始的第一年，她也是唯一一艘進入戰備狀態的航母。1943年當她返回華盛頓州布雷默頓維修的時候，“企業”號在她的吃水線下方的三個地方裝備了魚雷防護裝置。 　　Her war-time modifications also reflected the nature of the Pacific war. After the tremendous carrier battles of 1942, it was clear that anti-aircraft protection was a vital component of any surface ship's armament. By the end of 1943, Enterprise and most other combatants in the US fleet bristled with 20mm and Bofors 40mm anti-aircraft guns, two of the most effective anti-aircraft weapons of the war. Radar-controlled fire directors for both the 5" and 40mm guns - added in 1943 - gave Enterprise the ability to beat back attacking aircraft in all weather, day or night.   她的改裝也反映了太平洋戰爭的性質。經過1942年的殘酷戰鬥後，每艘船的防空武器明顯變的重要起來。1943年底，“企業”號和大部分戰艦一樣都增添了20mm和40mm博福斯防空炮。這兩種高炮都是戰爭中最有效的防空武器。1943年還增加了由雷達來進行火力引導的5英寸和40mm高炮。這些都使得“企業”號能進行全天候的防空。

All Hands Enterprise's extraordinary record can be attributed to three main factors. First, as a Yorktown-class carrier, she was blessed with a highly effective design. Fast, efficient, and maneuverable, she easily outperformed her predecessors, and held her own with the Essex-class carriers introduced in 1943. Second, on more than one occasion, Fortune was by her side. Had her task force not been slowed by a storm in December 1941, she would have been docked in Pearl Harbor on December 7, and a prime target for the Japanese attack. Had her Air Group Commander Wade McClusky not spotted a lone enemy destroyer speeding northwest at Midway, that battle might well have ended in a Japanese victory as lopsided as the eventual American triumph. More than anything else, however, Enterprise's historic legacy is due to the men who served in her. Even a partial roll-call reads like a Who's Who of the Pacific War. Vice Admiral William F. Halsey flew his Flag from her on the early, daring raids against Wake and the Marshalls, as well as the Doolittle Raid. From her bridge, Vice Admiral Raymond Spruance commanded Enterprise and Hornet at Midway. Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher's Flag flew from her when she was Kamikazied off Kyushu, in May 1945. Medal of Honor recipient Edward "Butch" O'Hare commanded her Air Group Six in late 1943, before dying tragically during the United States' first carrier-based night fighter mission: an ultimately successful tactic developed largely by O'Hare and Air Officer Tom Hamilton, and later refined by Bill Martin, commander of VT-10 and Night Air Group Ninety. Wade McClusky, Earl Gallaher, Richard Best and Gene Lindsey - all heroes of Midway - flew from her deck that June 4th morning. Edward "Butch" O'Hare The list continues, of those whose spirit was imprinted on Enterprise and on her men: Robin Lindsey, Daniel "Dog" Smith, William "Killer" Kane, Stanley "Swede" Vejtasa, John Crommelin, James "Jimmy" Flatley, James Ramage, Bruno Gaido, Osborne Hardison, Herschel Smith. And then there were the thousands of "ordinary" men, who led otherwise quiet lives, but who in a way seldom seen in this day and age, put their plans and dreams on hold, their lives in jeopardy, and turned out to squarely face a lethal foe, and an assault on their values. As many as 30,000 men served in the Big E during her nine years of active service. Among them were 103 enlisted men and one officer who earned all 20 Battle Stars awarded to Enterprise and her men, as well as "plank owners" and others in her pre-war crew who brought the Big E to maturity, ready to fight from the first day of the war. These men created in Enterprise a spirit which made her one of the most successful and beloved warships in history: a living legend and a symbol of American resolve in every task force in which she sailed.   “企業”號有這麽輝煌的戰績有三個原因。首先，作為一艘約克城級航母，她有著一流的設計，速度快，效率高，可操作性能好。她能輕而易舉地超越前輩，並且在1943年和埃塞克斯級航母一起並肩作戰。   其次，在廣闊的大洋上，她有著好的運氣。在1941年12月的偷襲中，作為被攻擊的主要目標，她免受戰火並能在12月7日平安返回珍珠港。她的飛行大隊指揮官在中途島西北挫敗了日軍的進攻，終結了日軍的神話，並且使得美軍大獲全勝。   另外，“企業”號的曆史遺產還歸功於在戰艦上服役的人們。以及那些精通於太平洋戰爭的人們。海軍中將威廉F哈爾西在早期就把她作為旗艦，在威克島和馬紹爾群島以及杜立特空襲中。從她的艦橋上，海軍中將Raymond Spruance 指揮“企業”號和“大黃蜂”號在中途島作戰。在1945年5月九州之戰中，麥克阿瑟將軍的占企業曾經在“企業”號上飄揚。在1943年底，她的第6飛行大隊指揮官王牌飛行員Edward "Butch" O'Hare 獲得了榮譽勳章。1943 年 11 月 26 日晚到 27 日淩晨第一次采夜戰作戰中，他犧牲了。但是O'Hare和Tom Hamilton發明的夜間作戰最終獲得了成功。並且由VT-10的夜間第90大隊指揮官Bill Martin發揮到了極致。Wade McClusky, Earl Gallaher, Richard Best 和 Gene Lindsey 這些中途島的英雄們在6月4日早晨從她的甲板上開始了輝煌的戰鬥一生。   這個光榮的名單一直延續著，記載著“企業”號和她的船員們的精神：Robin Lindsey, Daniel "Dog" Smith, William "Killer" Kane, Stanley "Swede" Vejtasa, John Crommelin, James "Jimmy" Flatley, James Ramage, Bruno Gaido, Osborne Hardison, Herschel Smith.       還有那些成千的普通水兵們，他們默默的工作，很少人知道他們在那個年代的勇敢事跡。他們把夢想和他們的生命放置於危難之間，從容地麵對凶惡的敵人，在戰鬥中實現他們的價值。在9年的時間裏，有3000人在大E上服役。他們中間有103人和一名軍官為“企業”號和船員們掙得了20枚作戰之星勳章。他們使得大E更加成熟穩健，從容地麵對戰爭的第一天。   這些船員們把“企業”號塑造成了曆史上最成功、最可愛的軍艦：在每一次作戰任務中，她都是一個活著的傳說和美國人堅韌的象征。

Decorations榮譽 　　 　　Enterprise's exploits did not go unrecognized, at home or abroad. Over the course of the war, she received 20 battle stars, three more than any other ship (sisterships New Orleans CA-32, Minneapolis CA-36 and San Francisco CA-38 each received 17 battle stars), and seven more than the next carrier (Essex CV-9, which received 13 stars).         In May 1943, while she prepared to return to the States for much needed repair and refitting, Enterprise became the first aircraft carrier to be awarded the Presidential Unit Citation. She later received a Navy Unit Commendation, becoming the only carrier awarded both decorations for service in the Second World War.       Perhaps her two most prestigious tributes were received after she left the war. In August 1945, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal cited Enterprise as the "one vessel that most nearly symbolizes the history of the Navy in this war." Two months later, following the Navy Day celebration in New York in October 1945, Secretary Forrestal recommended to President Truman that Enterprise, unable to operate the heavier, faster aircraft then entering service, be preserved "as a visible symbol of American valor and tenacity in war, and of our will to fight all enemies who assail us...."       Later that fall, while participating in the Magic Carpet program for returning servicemen to state-side from the European theater, Enterprise docked in Southampton, England on November 23, 1945. During her brief stay, she was boarded by the British First Lord of the Admiralty, Sir Albert Alexander, who presented Enterprise a British Admiralty Pennant, the most prestigious decoration of the Royal Navy. Enterprise is the only ship outside the Royal Navy to have received the pennant, in the more than 400 years since its creation. Enterprise and her veterans, included among the 16 ships and 10,000 sailors, airmen and Marines who took part in the Doolittle Raid in April 1942, were officially recognized for their daring exploit just recently, on May 15, 1995. The Task Force 16 Citation is the most recent decoration awarded Enterprise and her veterans: it may not be the last.       “企業”號的戰績從來沒有被國內外所忽視。戰爭結束時，她獲得了20顆戰鬥之星勳章。比其他任何的軍艦都至少多3顆（姊妹艦CA-32“新奧爾良”號，CA-36“明尼亞波利斯”號和CA-38“舊金山”號每艘都獲得了17顆戰鬥之星勳章。）比下列軍艦多7顆（CV-9埃塞克斯級有13顆）。     在1943年5月，她準備返回美國本土進行維修和改裝。“企業”號稱為了被總統第一個頒發榮譽的航空母艦。隨後他獲得了海軍部門的讚揚，成為了二次大戰中唯一獲此殊榮的航空母艦。     也許是因為她獲得這兩個最高的榮譽是在離開戰爭之後的緣故。在1945年8月，海軍部長James Forrestal 讚揚“企業”號為“海軍在這場戰爭中最有代表性的軍艦”兩個月後，1945年10月在紐約舉行的海軍節上， Forrestal部長向杜魯門總統說“企業”號不能良好的運轉，需要進行維修。“她代表了美國人在戰爭中麵對敵人時的勇氣、韌勁和我們的意誌”。     在秋末，1945年11月23日的英格蘭，“企業”號停靠在南安普敦港，參加為從歐洲戰場凱旋而歸的戰士們進行的歡慶會。在她短暫的逗留期間，英國海軍大臣Albert Alexander爵士參觀了“企業”號。他還在“企業”號上升起了英國的海軍旗幟，這可是英國皇家海軍最高榮譽的旗幟。“企業”號是英國皇家海軍建軍4000年以來唯一擁有這麵榮譽旗幟的外國軍艦。     “企業”號和他的退伍軍人，包括參加了1942年4月參加杜立特空襲的16艘軍艦和1萬名水兵、航空兵以及潛艇最近接受了官方的表彰。在1995年5月15日，政府表彰了他們的勇敢行為。“企業”號最後一次獲得的榮譽表明：這還沒有結束。

Remembering Enterprise“企業”號的回憶 "Just as Enterprise deserves not to be forgotten, so too should her era not be forgotten." “像企業號的榮譽不會被忘記一樣，她的時代也不會被忘記” 　　Enterprise left an indelible mark on the course of the Pacific War, and on the hearts of the men who served in her. Although the campaign to preserve Enterprise herself met with failure, her memory and spirit have been preserved in myriad ways, largely through the efforts of her former crew and air groups.   “企業”號在太平洋戰爭中留下了不可磨滅的印記，並且她留在了為她服役的每一個人的心中。縱然在戰役中遇到過失敗，她的曆史和精神通過她的成員和航空兵流傳了下來。 Memorials and Relics Flags 記錄和神聖旗幟   Two flags known to have flown from Enterprise's mast still survive to the present day. Her battle flag at Santa Cruz (26 October 1942) was later presented to Landing Signal Officer LT Robin Lindsey for his exemplary performance that day, and is now on display in the USS Enterprise CV-6 exhibit at the National Museum of Naval Aviation, in Pensacola, Florida.　　   “企業”號桅杆上著名的旗幟時至今天還有兩麵保存著。她在聖克魯茲（1942年10月26日）的戰旗在那一天作為表彰授予了預警軍官Robin Lindsey。現在這麵旗幟陳列於佛羅裏達彭薩卡拉海軍航空兵國家紀念館。     　　The Big E's Commissioning Day flag, as displayed in Fall 1999, in Phoenix's professional baseball stadium.   大E交付使用時的旗幟，展示於1999年秋天，鳳凰城的專業棒球中心     Enterprise Stern Plate企業號尾部標誌     The difficult task of dismantling Enterprise was directed by W. Henry Hoffman. An engineer with an appreciation of history, Hoffman took over 150 photographs of Enterprise before and during her scrapping, and also took possession of the stern plate from her fantail: a massive steel work, 16 feet long, which proudly proclaimed the ship's name in raised letters. Hoffman donated the plate - the only major remaining piece of Enterprise's hull - to the township of River Vale, New Jersey, where for many years it was displayed behind the center field fence of a Little League ballfield.     On 2 October 2000, the stern plate - having been sandblasted and repainted - was placed in River Vale's Veterans Park - its new, permanent home - where a dedication ceremony was held 9 December 2000.   由W亨利 霍夫曼下令拆除。作為曆史鑒定專家，霍夫曼  拍攝了超過150張企業號換裝前後的照片。而且擁有它尾部標誌的所有權：一個巨大的鋼製部件，16英尺長，上麵刻有“企業”號名字的字母。霍夫曼把這塊“企業”號剩下的塗裝捐贈給了新澤西州的河穀鎮。多少年以來，這塊牌子一直放置在一個小球場中央圍欄的後麵。   在2000年10月2日，這塊船尾牌經過重新噴漆和修複，放置在了河穀鎮各公園裏。 　　 Enterprise's stern plate in its current location in River Vale, New Jersey. Photo courtesy Mel Hofer (pictured). “企業”號的尾部標誌 Ship's Bell and Anchor 船鈴和船錨      In 1950, the United States Naval Academy, with the assistance of then-Superintendent Admiral Harry W. Hill, took possession of the Enterprise ship's bell. The bell is now stationed in front of Bancroft Hall, in a mount donated by the Academy Class of 1921, and rung when the Academy observes Morning Colors, and to celebrate sports team victories over rival Army.     One of Enterprise's 15-foot tall anchors is on exhibit in the Washington Naval Yard, in Washington, DC, and maintained by the Naval Historical Center.   1950年，美國海軍學院在哈裏W希爾的幫助下得到了“企業”號的船鈴。這個鈴鐺現在還在Bancroft走廊的前麵，這個走廊在1921年就建成了。現在這個鈴現在被用來作為早晨的鈴聲，和慶祝運動會上海軍體育隊戰勝陸軍體育隊。   “企業”號一條15英尺高的巨錨陳列於首都華盛頓的華盛頓海軍碼頭，作為美國海軍曆史的重中之重。 　　   Enterprise CV-6 Ship's Bell Enterprise's ship's bell, in Annapolis, Maryland. “企業”號的船鈴，安娜玻利斯，馬裏蘭州。

原文來源鏈接：http://www.cv6.org/