補充一點近百年來西藏的曆史事件 (圖)

Timeline: Tibet-China relations

1911: Tibet is declared an independent republic after decades of rebuffing
attempts by Britain and China to establish control.

1935: The man who will later become the 14th Dalai Lama is born to a peasant family in a small village in north-eastern Tibet. Two years later, Buddhistofficials declare him to be the reincarnation of the 13 previous Dalai Lamas.

1949: Mao Zedong proclaims the founding of the People’s Republic of China
and threatens Tibet with ”liberation”.

1950: Chinese People’s Liberation Army troops march into Tibet.

1951: Tibetan leaders sign a treaty, known as the ”Seventeen Point Agreement”, with China. The treaty professes to guarantee Tibetan autonomy and to respect the Buddhist religion, but also allows the establishment of Chinese civil and military headquarters at Lhasa.

1954: Chairman Mao meets Dalai Lama in Beijing.

1959: Tibetans stage abortive uprising after reforms are introduced to end
centuries of feudalism. The Dalai Lama flees to India with an estimated
80,000 followers. He establishes a ”government-in-exile” in Dharamsala
but no country recognises it.

1965: Chinese government establishes Tibet Autonomous Region.

1966: After China’s Cultural Revolution begins, Tibetan Red Guards close
monasteries in Tibet, smash Buddhist statues and force monks and nuns to
return to secular life.

1972: US President Richard Nixon’s China visit ends programme in which
Central Intelligence Agency trained Tibetans who fought guerrilla war against People’s Liberation Army in Tibet.

1980s: China introduce market reforms and boosts investment while resisting any move towards greater autonomy for Tibet.

March 1989: Martial law is imposed in Lhasa after days of rioting sparked
by January death of the 10th Panchen Lama, most senior figure in Tibetan
Buddhism after Dalai Lama.

October 1989: Dalai Lama is awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

August 1993: Dalai Lama says at a rare news conference he is fighting for
Tibet’s political autonomy, not independence.

1994: Dalai Lama suspends dialogue with China due to lack of progress.

May 1995: Dalai Lama declares 6-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as reincarnation of late 10th Panchen Lama.

December 1995: India-based Tibetans protest Beijing’s choice of a 6-year-old boy, Gyaincain Norbu, as the 11th Panchen Lama, considering him a ”fake”.

December 1999: Dalai Lama says Tibetans would be satisfied with self-rule
but accuses the Chinese of cultural genocide.

July 2006: China opens Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the world’s highest railroad, saying it will help modernise and develop Tibet. Tibet advocacy groups say it is accelerating an influx of Han Chinese and threatens its fragile high-altitude environment.

March 2008: Protests against Chinese rule escalate into the worst violence
Tibet has seen in 20 years, five months before Beijing hosts the Olympic
Games.

Sources: Reuters, BBC