在我們討論股市是否能有每年10%的回報前,我們需要討論兩個概念:nominal return and real return。nominal return 指的是單純的回報,而real return指的是除去通貨膨脹後的回報率。通貨膨脹是對股市以生活影響極壞的。在60末到80初,美國的通貨膨脹極高。那時的回報自然很差。在美國過去100 年, 包括大蕭條,平均的回報率是10.9%左右。而專家們認為在將來可能要慢下來,在8% 左右。至於為什麽可以達到10%而GDP一般每年增加2 – 3%, 可能上市的公司管理的好一些,可能大的基金吃小的投資者,也可能上市的很多都是跨國公司,靠掠奪其他國家尤其是不發達國家。(隻不過沒有以前明顯而已)為什麽日本股市在1989 達到高峰34,000點,而18年後才17,500 點?隻怕和美國人逼日本貨幣升值有很大的關係。先在外國貨幣便宜的時候投資於外國,然後再外國貨幣升值後撤走資金。不需要股市漲,就有豐厚的回報。目前,人民幣麵臨極大的壓力,隻怕也是同出一轍。
下麵總結一下過去幾十年的nominal return and real return:
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| Equities | Inflation | Real Return | Passed 30 Year Annualized Nominal Return | Passed 30 Year Annualized Real Return |
1 | 1969 | -8.4% | 6.2% | -14.6% |
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2 | 1970 | 3.9% | 5.6% | -1.7% |
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3 | 1971 | 14.6% | 3.3% | 11.3% |
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4 | 1972 | 18.9% | 3.4% | 15.5% |
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5 | 1973 | -14.8% | 8.7% | -23.5% |
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6 | 1974 | -26.4% | 12.3% | -38.7% |
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7 | 1975 | 37.2% | 6.9% | 30.3% |
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8 | 1976 | 23.6% | 4.9% | 18.7% |
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9 | 1977 | -7.4% | 6.7% | -14.1% |
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10 | 1978 | 6.4% | 9.0% | -2.6% |
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11 | 1979 | 18.2% | 13.3% | 4.9% |
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12 | 1980 | 32.3% | 12.5% | 19.8% |
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13 | 1981 | -5.0% | 8.9% | -13.9% |
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14 | 1982 | 21.4% | 3.8% | 17.6% |
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15 | 1983 | 22.4% | 3.8% | 18.6% |
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16 | 1984 | 6.1% | 3.9% | 2.2% |
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17 | 1985 | 31.6% | 3.8% | 27.8% |
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18 | 1986 | 18.6% | 1.1% | 17.5% |
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19 | 1987 | 5.1% | 4.4% | 0.7% |
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20 | 1988 | 16.6% | 4.4% | 12.2% |
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21 | 1989 | 31.7% | 4.6% | 27.1% |
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22 | 1990 | -3.1% | 6.1% | -9.2% |
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23 | 1991 | 30.5% | 3.1% | 27.4% |
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24 | 1992 | 7.6% | 2.9% | 4.7% |
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25 | 1993 | 10.1% | 2.7% | 7.4% |
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26 | 1994 | 1.3% | 2.7% | -1.4% |
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27 | 1995 | 37.6% | 2.5% | 35.1% |
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28 | 1996 | 23.0% | 3.3% | 19.7% |
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29 | 1997 | 33.4% | 1.7% | 31.7% |
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30 | 1998 | 28.6% | 1.6% | 27.0% | 12.6% | 7.0% |
31 | 1999 | 21.0% | 2.7% | 18.3% | 13.7% | 8.1% |
32 | 2000 | -9.1% | 3.4% | -12.5% | 13.2% | 7.7% |
33 | 2001 | -11.9% | 1.6% | -13.5% | 12.2% | 6.8% |
34 | 2002 | -22.1% | 2.4% | -24.5% | 10.6% | 5.3% |
35 | 2003 | 28.7% | 1.9% | 26.8% | 12.1% | 7.1% |
36 | 2004 | 10.9% | 3.3% | 7.6% | 13.7% | 9.1% |
37 | 2005 | 4.9% | 3.4% | 1.5% | 12.7% | 8.2% |
在我的第一篇文章中已經討論過在過去一百年中,任何一個30年annualized 的風險並不比存在銀行高太多,而annualized的回報率卻高很多。所以不管是否在將來能達到每年10%的回報,如果要想長期投資,股票市場應該比銀行強。