名畫欣賞《清明上河圖》(zt)

名畫欣賞《清明上河圖》(zt) BY Li Li

於 2006-06-26 17:53:56

Chinese Famous Painting Appreciate 清明上河圖

清明上河圖

    《清明上河圖》卷，北宋，張擇端作，絹本，淡設色，縱24.8cm，橫528cm。
    《清明上河圖》描繪的是清明時節北宋都城汴京（今河南開封）東角子門內外和汴河兩岸的繁華熱鬧景象。全畫可分為三段：
    首段寫市郊景色，茅簷低伏，阡陌縱橫，其間人物往來。
    中段以“上土橋”為中心，另畫汴河及兩岸風光。中間那座規模宏敞、狀如飛虹的木結構橋梁，概稱“虹橋”，正名“上土橋”，為水陸交通的匯合點。橋上車馬來往如梭，商販密集，行人熙攘。橋下一艘漕船正放倒桅杆欲穿過橋孔，梢工們的緊張工作吸引了許多群眾圍觀。
    後段描寫的是市區街道，城內商店鱗次櫛比，大店門首還劄結著彩樓歡門，小店鋪隻是一個敞棚。此外還有公廨寺觀等。街上行人摩肩接踵，車馬轎駝絡繹不絕。行人中有紳士、官吏、仆役、販夫、走卒、車轎夫、作坊工人、說書藝人、理發匠、醫生、看相算命者、貴家婦女、行腳僧人、頑皮兒童，甚至還有乞丐。他們的身份不同，衣冠各異，同在街上，而忙閑不一，苦樂不均。城中交通運載工具，有轎子、駝隊、牛、馬、驢車、人力車等。車輛有串車、太平車、平頭車等諸種，再現了汴京城街市的繁榮景象。高大的城門樓名東角子門，位於汴京內城東南。
    全卷畫麵內容豐富生動，集中概括地再現了12世紀北宋全盛時期都城汴京的生活麵貌。
    此畫用筆兼工帶寫，設色淡雅，不同一般的界畫，即所謂“別成家數”。構圖采用鳥瞰式全景法，真實而又集中概括地描繪了當時汴京東南城角這一典型的區域。作者用傳統的手卷形式，采取“散點透視法”組織畫麵。畫麵長而不冗，繁而不亂，嚴密緊湊，如一氣嗬成。畫中所攝取的景物，大至寂靜的原野，浩瀚的河流，高聳的城郭；小到舟車裏的人物，攤販上的陳設貨物，市招上的文字，絲毫不失。在多達500餘人物的畫麵中，穿插著各種情節，組織得有條不紊，同時又具有情趣。
    後幅有金張著、明吳寬等13家題記，鈐96方印。
    《清河書畫舫》、《庚子消夏記》、《式古堂書畫記》等書著錄。

Qingming Shang He Tu depicts the flourishing and bustling scenes along the Bian River and around the East Corner Gate of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song dynasty. The painting briefly re-creates the life in the Northern Song capital Bianjing in the 12th century, the most prosperous period of the dynasty.
With fine and freehand brushworks and light and elegant colors, Qingming Shang He Tu is different from most architectural paintings. It realistically gives a bird's eye view of the southeastern corner of Bianjing, a typical urban area in the Northern Song dynasty, by adopting the traditional forms and methods like handscroll and "scattered-focus perspectives". Long but not lengthy, complicated but not disorderly, the close-knit painting seems to be drawn at once and its details form a coherent whole. The painting objects, no matter they are grand scenes like open country, broad river and high city walls or small details like figures in boat or carriage, goods on vendor's stand and characters on shop's sign, are elaborately delineated. The monumental painting with over 500 figures is interspersed with numerous orderly and interesting plots.
Behind the scroll are affixed with 96 seals and inscribed with colophons of 13 persons including Zhang Zhu of the Jin dynasty and Wu Kuan of the Ming dynasty.
The painting is recorded in books like Qinghe Shuhua Fang, Gengzi Xiaoxia Ji and Shigu Tang Shuhua Ji.

樂觀上進, 勤奮效率, 創新學習，謹言慎行，隨和有善!