《林貝卡》
Rebecca Lin
正文
元日 王安石
爆竹聲中一歲除，春風送暖入屠蘇；
千門萬戶瞳瞳日，總把新桃換舊符。
The Chinese calendar is based on a combination of lunar and solar movements. The lunar cycle（月運周期）is about 29.5 days. In order to "catch up" with the solar calendar the Chinese insert an extra month once every few years (seven years out of a 19-yearcycle). This is the same as adding an extra day on leap year（閏年）. This is why, according to the solar calendar, the Chinese New Year falls on a different date each year.
New Year's Eve and New Year's Day are celebrated as a family affair, a time of reunion and thanksgiving. The celebration was traditionally highlighted with a religious ceremony given in honor of Heaven and Earth（萬物）, the gods of the household and the family ancestors.
The sacrifice to the ancestors, the most vital of all the rituals（儀式）, united the living members with those who had passed away. Departed relatives are remembered with great respect because they were responsible for laying the foundations for the fortune and glory of the family.
The presence of the ancestors is acknowledged on New Year's Eve with a dinner arranged for them at the family banquet table. The spirits of the ancestors, together with the living, celebrate the onset of the New Year as one great community. The communal feast called "surrounding the stove" or weilu. It symbolizes family unity and honors the past and present generations.
The Origin of Chinese New Year
The Chinese New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Begining of Spring (the first of the twenty-four terms in coodination with the changes of Nature). Its origin is too old to be traced. Several explanations are hanging around. All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means "year", was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.
One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite. People were very scared. One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian. To Nian he said, "I hear say that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents?" So, it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harrassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.
After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian. He turned out to be an immortal god. Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests, people begin to enjoy their peaceful life. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each year's end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.
From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation. The term "Guo Nian", which may mean "Survive the Nian" becomes today "Celebrate the (New) Year" as the word "guo" in Chinese having both the meaning of "pass-over" and "observe". The custom of putting up red paper and firing fire-crackers to scare away Nian should it have a chance to run loose is still around. However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, except that they feel the color and the sound add to the excitement of the celebration.
Probably more food is consumed during the New Year celebrations than any other time of the year. Vast amounts of traditional food is prepared for family and friends, as well as those close to us who have died.
On New Year's Day, the Chinese family will eat a vegetarian dish called jai. Although the various ingredients in jai are root vegetables or fibrous vegetables, many people attribute various superstitious aspects to them.
Other foods include a whole fish, to represent togetherness and abundance, and a chicken for prosperity. The chicken must be presented with a head, tail and feet to symbolize completeness. Noodles should be uncut, as they represent long life.
In south China, the favorite and most typical dishes were nian gao, sweet steamedglutinous rice（糯米）pudding and zong zi (glutinous rice wrapped up in reed（蘆葦）leaves), another popular delicacy.
In the north, steamed-wheat bread (man tou) and small meat dumplings were the preferred food. The tremendous amount of food prepared at this time was meant to symbolize abundance and wealth for the household.
The first day of the Lunar New Year is "the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth."Many people abstain from meat on the first day of the new year because it is believed that this will ensure long and happy lives for them.
On the second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. They are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.
The third and fourth days are for the sons-in-laws to pay respect to their parents-in-law.
The fifth day is called Po Woo. On that day people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth. No one visits families and friends on the fifth day because it will bring both parties bad luck.
On the sixth to the 10th day, the Chinese visit their relatives and friends freely. They also visit the temples to pray for good fortune and health.
The seventh day of the New Year is the day for farmers to display their produce. These farmers make a drink from seven types of vegetables to celebrate the occasion. The seventh day is also considered the birthday of human beings. Noodles are eaten to promote longevity and raw fish for success.
On the eighth day the Fujian people have another family reunion dinner, and at midnight they pray to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven.
The ninth day is to make offerings to the Jade Emperor.
The 10th through the 12th are days that friends and relatives should be invited for dinner. After so much rich food, on the 13th day you should have simple rice congee and mustard greens (choi sum) to cleanse the system.
The 14th day should be for preparations to celebrate the Lantern Festival which is to be held on the 15th night. (Article source: Internet)
祁連山上風光好，
葡萄美酒醉新春。
歲歲年年年相似，
歲歲年年人不同。
Happy Spring Festival to you,
Rebecca
林林歲歲平安日，
貝貝月月富貴時。
吉吉憧憧辭舊歲,
祥祥憬憬迎新春。
Happy Spring Festival to you, too,
Rebecca
Thank you.
Happy Spring Festival to you, too,
Rebecca
專輯：中國禮儀慶典大全
http://space.wenxuecity.com/media/1201991427.mp3
春節和年的概念，最初的含意來自農業，古時人們把穀的生長周期稱為“年”，《說文·禾部》：“年，穀熟也：。在夏商時代產生了夏曆，以月亮圓缺的周期為月，一年劃分為十二個月，每月以不見月亮的那天為朔，正月朔日的子時稱為歲首，即一年的開始，也叫年，年的名稱是從周朝開始的，至了西漢才正式固定下來，一直延續到今天。但古時的正月初一被稱為“元旦”，直到中國近代辛亥革命勝利後，南京臨時政府為了順應農時和便於統計，規定在民間使用夏曆，在政府機關、廠礦、學校和團體中實行公曆，以公曆的元月一日為元旦，農曆的正月初一稱春節。
傳統意義上的春節是指從臘月初八的臘祭或臘月二十三的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一為高潮。在春節這一傳統節日期間，我國的漢族和大多數少數民族都有要舉行各種慶祝活動，這些活動大多以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除舊布新、迎禧接福、祈求豐年為主要內容。活動形式豐富多彩，帶有濃鬱的民族特色。
春節源於我國原始社會的《臘祭》。據說臘盡時日，人們殺豬祭祀老天，祈求來年風調雨順，五穀豐登。人們用朱砂塗臉，鳥翼裝飾，唱唱跳跳。至於“春節”一名，最早見於《後漢書·楊震》：“又冬無宿雪，春節未雨，百僚焦心。”
1949年9月27日，新中國成立，在中國人民政治協商會議第一屆全體會議上，通過了使用世界上通用的公曆紀元，把公曆的元月一日定為元旦，俗稱陽曆年；農曆正月初一通常都在立春前後，因而把農曆正月初一定為“春節”，俗稱陰曆年。
http://baike.baidu.com/view/6008.htm#5
守歲，就是在舊年的最後一天夜裏不睡覺，熬夜迎接新一年的到來的習俗，也叫除夕守歲，俗名“熬年”。探究這個習俗的來曆，在民間流傳著一個有趣的故事：
太古時期，有一種凶猛的怪獸，散居在深山密林中，人們管它們叫“年”。它的形貌猙獰，生性凶殘，專食飛禽走獸、鱗介蟲豸，一天換一種口味，從磕頭蟲一直吃到大活人，讓人談“年”色變。後來，人們慢慢掌握了“年”的活動規律，它是每隔三百六十五天竄到人群聚居的地方嚐一次口鮮，而且出沒的時間都是在天黑以後，等到雞鳴破曉，它們便返回山林中去了。
算準了“年”肆虐的日期，百姓們便把這可怕的一夜視為關口來煞，稱作“年關”，並且想出了一整套過年關的辦法：每到這一天晚上，每家每戶都提前做好晚飯，熄火淨灶，再把雞圈牛欄全部拴牢，把宅院的前後門都封住，躲在屋裏吃“年夜飯”，由於這頓晚餐具有凶吉未卜的意味，所以置辦得很豐盛，除了要全家老小圍在一起用餐表示和睦團圓外，還須在吃飯前先供祭祖先，祈求祖先的神靈保佑，平安地度過這一夜，吃過晚飯後，誰都不敢睡覺，擠坐在一起閑聊壯膽。就逐漸形成了除夕熬年守歲的習慣。
守歲習俗興起於南北朝，梁朝的不少文人都有守歲的詩文。“一夜連雙歲，五更分二年。”人們點起蠟燭或油燈，通宵守夜，象征著把一切邪瘟 病疫照跑驅走，期待著新的一年吉祥如意。這種風俗被人們流傳至今。
http://baike.baidu.com/view/6008.htm#5